Umsuka wegama elithi "i-chemistry": imicabango hhayi nje ukuvela

Ngisho 3000 iminyaka BC uvele igama elithi "i-chemistry". Leli qiniso ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthi lokhu kuyizinto ezibhebheni ezatholakala lapho kumbiwa izinsalela nasemizini yaseGibithe nase-Asia Minor lasendulo. Umsuka wegama elithi "i-chemistry" kunzima ukusungula. Abacwaningi enikelwe le nkinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo omkhulu.

esidlule akude

Emuva AD IV ekhulwini Zosimus Alchemist kusukela Panopolis eGrisi lasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "i-chemistry" Lisuselwa egameni "Jemez", okuyinto igama esifushanisiwe uHermesi. Lolu lwazi lasendulo yohlamvu wathola ifomu okuthiwa "nguZimu", wayengumuntu esikweyoku edume isikhathi sakhe.

Ngokusho nganekwane wasendulo, amaqhawe elikhulu kaKesari Aleksandra Makedonskogo wathola ethuneni ayisi- abadumile, umbhalo lapho ephethwe wokufunda. Le entry ukudalula reception yabo imfihlo "Stone sefilosofi sika". Ngokwe yezazi zasendulo, ngalo angahlubula zensimbi ku igolide. Yiqiniso, isayensi ikufakazele ukuthi izincomo ezihlongozwayo isazi lasendulo akukho "zefilosofi" Stone akusebenzi.

ezizathwini zomlando

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi Umsuka wegama elithi "i-chemistry" ihlobene yamaGreki asendulo futhi kusho ubuciko encibilika izinsimbi, kuhlanganise igolide. wesichazamazwi WaseByzantium, owayehlala X-XI leminyaka BC, babekholelwa ukuthi leli gama lisikisela ukulungiselela isiliva negolide. On the yamaShayina yasendulo, igama elithi "igolide" umsindo kutsha, "chemical-kim." Abakhileyo eGibhithe lasendulo, noma njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo, "Chemie", babe bamakhemikhali esivelele isikhathi sakhe, futhi ngokuvamile umsuka igama elithi "i-chemistry" lihlotshaniswa igama lezwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukusindisa zokupheka ukupheka amakha yasekhemisi. Ngakho-ke umlando umsuka igama elithi "i-chemistry" elisuka eGibhithe lasendulo, futhi umqondo uqobo efanayo nenkulumo ethi "isayensi waseGibhithe."

I "amanyuvesi" lokuqala

Ukuqhubeka indaba yethu encane ngemvelaphi igama elithi "i-chemistry". Esikhathini BC III ekhulwini e Alexandria (Ancient Egypt) kwathiwa wasungula khona iSikhungo Sezemfundo lokuqala Sciences. "Art Engcwele", njengoba ishiwo amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esihlukile, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i kaSerapis ethempelini. Esikhathini esizayo, sibhekana nombono wokuthi "alchemy", okuyinto laqanjwa Arabhu. Baye ungeze Isiqalo ukuze umqondo wegama elithi "i-chemistry" wethula kwabaseGibhithe. alchemy Abaningi iminyaka eyinkulungwane, nge ukuphikelela ngimthande wahlushwa imfihlakalo ukuthola igolide base izinsimbi. Noma ngabe imfihlakalo, "itshe sefilosofi sika" noma imfihlo "alkahest" okuyinto endulo ayebhekwa kuphela jikelele. Recipe ukulungiselela lezi izinto ongaqondakali noma ubani futhi akukaze ezaziwayo. Kancane kancane, kusukela ekhulwini ekhulwini, alchemy kwakuseyisiqalo ukuthola kakhulu isakhiwo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali yesimanje. Isazi sefilosofi, udokotela, owayehlala endaweni Tajikistan, Abu Ali al-Hussein, kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi u-Avicenna, ngenkathi ukwazi ukuthola nitric, sulfuric futhi hydrochloric acid, i-potassium hydroxide kanye sodium hydroxide kakade. Njengoba indawo komuntu umsebenzi alchemy uyekile kube lusizo ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII.

Umsuka besikhathi sethu elithi "i-chemistry" lihlotshaniswa igama Late Chimia. Kuyinto liyefana yini Igama lesiNgisi elisho i-chemistry, isiJalimane kanye French Chemie chimie.