KumiswaImfundo yesibili nezikole

Izici potassium. potassium isakhiwo. compounds potassium

Lesi sihloko Uzonikezwa incazelo potassium ngokuya zemvelo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Eyokuqala yalezi wesayensi ukutadisha izakhiwo mechanical izinto kanye nabangaphandle. Isizathu sesibili - ekusebenzelaneni kwabo nomunye - lokhu kwamakhemikhali. Potassium - ngenxa isici nesishiyagalolunye ethebuleni gqwa. It kungokwalabo izinsimbi alikhali. Lesi sihloko Kuzoxoxwa ngani futhi E potassium ifomula, nokuziphatha yayo nezinye izinto, njalo njalo. D. It ingenye izinsimbi ezimatasa. Isayensi okhuluma ezifundwa nezinye izakhi - kwamakhemikhali. Ibanga 8 ihlanganisa ukutadisha izinto wezinto ezingaphili futhi nezici zabo. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko kuyoba usizo abafundi. Ngakho ake ngiqale.

izici potassium ngombono zesayensi

Lena into elula, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile lisasesimweni okuqinile. Ukuma ayisithupha degrees ezintathu Celsius. Abilayo metal asebenzayo efanayo lapho izinga lokushisa ifinyelela degrees ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisithupha nanye Celsius. Lodaba uba nombala silvery-mhlophe. It has a ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo metallic. potassium konga ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha kumakhulukhulu amagremu ngamunye isentimitha cubic. Lena metal engasindi kakhulu. potassium ifomula silula - ingeyona molecule. Lokhu kwaziswa siqukethe ama-athomu zazo wahlela eduze komunye nomunye futhi abe ngehele crystal. Potassium mass-athomu elilingana amagremu amathathu nethoba imvukuzane ngayinye. ubulukhuni yayo sincane kakhulu - ke kungenziwa kalula usike ngommese, efana ushizi.

Potassium kanye ne-chemistry

Okokuqala, i-potassium - chemical isici has eliphezulu kakhulu umsebenzi zamakhemikhali. Ngisho ukugcina ke ngaphandle akunakwenzeka, njengoba ngokushesha iqala ukuxubana izinto ezizungezile. Potassium - elementi ikhemikhali kungokwalabo iqembu lokuqala futhi inkathi yesine ishadi lesikhathi. It has zonke izakhiwo okuyizinto sici izinsimbi.

Ukuxoxa izinto ezilula

Lezi zihlanganisa i-oksijini, nitrogen, isibabule, i-phosphorus, halogens (iodine, fluorine, chlorine, uxhumano lokudlulisa). Ukuze, cabanga potassium nokuxhumana ngamunye wabo. Ukuxoxa mpilo okuthiwa namachibi. Ngalesi yokusabela chemical ibusa Umoya-mpilo Ne-potassium isilinganiso izinyo lomhlathi izingxenye ezine komunye, okuphumela ekwakhiweni kwe-nitrous zensimbi isamba izingxenye ezimbili. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela kungenziwa esashiwo elandelayo yokusabela ezothando: 4K + O2 = 2K2O. Lapho potassium omlilo bangase bazibone egqamile violet ilangabi. Ngakho-ke, lesi simo kubhekwa izinga okusezingeni for potassium ukuzimisela. Ukusabela nge halogens abashiwo ngokuvumelana amagama izakhi zamakhemikhali: it is iodized, fluorination, chlorination, bromination. Lokhu kuhlanganyela ingashiwo kwalokho ukuphendula, ngoba ama-athomu izinto ezimbili ezihlukene ehlangana zibe munye. Isibonelo senqubo sinjalo ukusabela phakathi chlorine ne potassium, ngenxa ye chloride metal kwakhiwa. Sokufeza okunjena kumelwe athathe lezi zingxenye ezimbili - amabili amavukuzi we lokuqala nelesibili eyodwa. Umphumela ezimbili amavukuzi ka ekhuthaza potassium. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela uwukubonakaliswa lokhu kwesibalo: 2K + = SІ2 2KSІ. Njengoba nitrogen anganika potassium compounds ngesikhathi omlilo endaweni evulekile. Ngalesi ukuphendula sidlile izinsimbi kanye nitrogen isilinganiso izinyo lomhlathi izingxenye eyodwa kuya kweziyisithupha, ngenxa Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo, a potassium nitride e isamba izingxenye ezimbili. Lokhu kungenziwa okwaboniswa kwesibalo elandelayo: 6K + N2 = 2K3N. Le ngxube omnyama crystal-oluhlaza. Ngokucabangela phosphorus sensimbi asabela ngayo ngokuvumelana isimiso esifanayo. Uma sithatha amavukuzi ezintathu potassium imvukuzane phosphorus imvukuzane ngamunye athole phosphide. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela chemical kungenziwa yalotshwa njengezingoma zohlobo oluthile of the equation yokusabela: P = 3k + K3R. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium uyakwazi ukusabela nge-hydrogen, kanjalo zakha isimiso hydride. Ngo onjalo kwesibalo inganikelwa njengoba izibonelo: 2K + H2 = 2 kN. Zonke ukusabela elihlangana kuphela kwenzeka khona okushisa aphakeme.

Ukuxoxa izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi

Izici potassium ngokuya chemistry kuhilela ukucabangela isihloko. Ngu inselele izinto ezingasetshenziswa basabela potassium kukhona amanzi, acid, nosawoti, oxides. Nabo bonke ngayo yonke wacabangela isizinda usabela ngendlela ehlukile.

Potassium namanzi

Lo msuka chemical iyaphendula ngamandla nalo. Lokhu yakha hydroxide ne-hydrogen. Uma sithatha ezimbili amavukuzi potassium namanzi, bese sithola esilinganayo potassium hydroxide nokukodwa imvukuzane hydrogen. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela chemical kungenziwa esashiwo kwesibalo elandelayo: 2H2O = 2K + 2KOH = H2.

Ukusabela nge acid

Njengoba potassium - i metal asebenzayo, kuba kalula displaces athomu ye-hydrogen kusukela compounds zabo. Isibonelo kungaba ukusabela ebanjwa phakathi ketshezi sicutshungulwa futhi hydrochloric acid. Ukuze nokuqaliswa kwalo kumelwe athathe ezimbili amavukuzi potassium, futhi i-asidi esilinganayo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka chloride potassium - amabili amavukuzi hydrogen ne - omunye Mol. Le nqubo ingabhalwa kwesibalo ezifana: 2K + 2NSІ 2KSІ = + H2.

Futhi potassium oxides

Kusukela leli qembu compounds wezinto we izinsimbi kuphela ukuxubana Ukushisa eningi. Uma i-athomu metal akha oxide kwalokho yokwenziwa, sikhuluma ngani kulesi sihloko, kukhona, eqinisweni, lokho okwenziwa exchange. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithatha ezimbili amavukuzi potassium imvukuzane of Cuprum oxide ngamunye ngenxa ekuhlanganyeleni kwabo ingalungiswa ngomunye imvukuzane we kubhekwe chemical isici oxide ne cuprum okumsulwa. Lokhu kungenziwa kuboniswe indlela lokhu kwesibalo: 2K + Cuo = K2O + Cu. Lapha kulapho umbukiso a izakhiwo eziqinile ekunciphiseni potassium.

Ukuxhumana lezisekelo

Potassium uyakwazi ukusabela zensimbi hydroxides, okuyinto zitholakala ngakwesokudla yako electrochemical umsebenzi chungechunge. Kulokhu, sibonise impahla yayo ukunciphisa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithatha ezimbili amavukuzi potassium imvukuzane of barium yombala hydroxide ngayinye, okuholela esikhundleni bayosabela ukuthola izinto ezifana potassium hydroxide e isamba nezimvukuzane emibili barium yombala okumsulwa (imvukuzane) - ke kusheshisa. Omelelwa nokuxhumana chemical kungenziwa esikuyi yi kwesibalo ezilandelayo: 2K + Ba (OH) = 2 2KOH + Ba.

Ukusabela nge nosawoti

Kulokhu, i-potassium, namanje ububonisa impahla yayo njengendlela agent eqinile ukunciphisa. Ama-athomu omoya Ukumiselela kukhona amakhemikhali izakhi yokwenziwa ngaphezulu, kuvumela ukuthola metal okumsulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukungezwa aluminium chloride e imali ezimbili amavukuzi nezimvukuzane ezintathu potassium, ngenxa okunjena ukuthola amavukuzi ezintathu potassium chloride futhi ezimbili amavukuzi aluminium. Ukuze abonise ikambiso le kwesibalo kanje: 3k + 2AІSІ3 = 3KSІ2 2AІ.

Ukusabela nge amafutha

Uma ungeza potassium kunoma izinto eziphilayo leqembu, liphinde azixoshe omunye zama-athomu hydrogen. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuxuba kwensimbi ngendaba stearin potassium stearate ne-hydrogen kwakhiwa. Indaba wafakwa esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa insipho ewuketshezi. Ngalesi sici potassium ne ekuxhumaneni yayo nezinye izinto kuphela.

Ukusetshenziswa potassium compounds kanye

Njengazo zonke izinsimbi zidingidwa kulesi iphepha luyadingeka izinqubo eziningi embonini. Ukusetshenziswa main potassium kwenzeka embonini zamakhemikhali. Ngenxa reactivity yaso ephezulu, insimbi alikhali futhi wamemezela izakhiwo reductive, isetshenziswa njengendlela reagent ekuxhumaneni eziningi kanye ukukhiqizwa izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe potassium Alloys ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo coolants e Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi. Futhi sibonile kulesi sihloko, insimbi uthola isebenza Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, ke ingenye yezingxenye esemqoka kukamanyolo for izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, compounds yayo ezincane ezisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene izimboni. Ngakho, ngo-the isizinda igolide potassium cyanide isetshenziswa, esebenza njengesikhali reagent ngoba nokuvulwa izinsimbi kwangesikhathi imikhando. Ngo womshini ingilazi esetshenziswa ye-potassium carbonate. Phosphate kubhekwa izakhi zamakhemikhali yizici zonke izinhlobo yokuhlanza amanxusa kanye izimpushana. Ngo okufanayo elinikeziwe chlorate metal likhona. Ngo womshini amafilimu esetshenziselwa ikhamera bromide endala isici. Njengoba kakade, kungenzeka ukuthola by bromination potassium e okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa ezindaweni. imithi esetshenziswa I chloride element kwamakhemikhali. Ukwenziwa insipho - stearate nezinye nemikhiqizo evela amafutha.

Ukulungiselela we metal

Namuhla potassium misela laboratories ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Umsuka - ukulibuyisela kusukela sodium hydroxide, okuyinto kumakhemikhali asebenzayo kuka potassium. Isizathu sesibili - ukuthola ke kusukela chloride, futhi nge-sodium. Uma ungeze komunye imvukuzane potassium hydroxide njengoba kwakhiwa i-sodium is kwenye imvukuzane sodium hydroxide kanye potassium okumsulwa. I kwesibalo ukuthi bayavuma simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: Koh + Na = NaOH + C. Ukuze ukusabela uhlobo lwesibili okwakumelwe zixutshwe we chloride metal kanye sodium e alinganayo ngezabelo izinyo lomhlathi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto ezifana akhiwa njengoba ekhishini usawoti kanye potassium okufanayo. Ukuveza ukuxhumana chemical kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa le kwesibalo yokusabela: KSІ + Na = NaCl + K.

Isakhiwo potassium

Atom timphawu zamakhemikhali, kanye bonke abanye, siqukethe umongo equkethe ama-proton ne-neutron nama-electron, okuyinto uphendukisa nxazonke. Isibalo electron uhlale ilingana nenani proton ukuthi kukhona ngaphakathi kuyi-nucleus. Uma kukhona i-electron okuxekethile noma ohlanganiswe athomu, khona-ke uyayeka ukuba angathathi hlangothi futhi iguqulwe ibe ion. Bona bangabezwe; izinhlobo ezimbili: cations futhi anions. Okokuqala abe necala omuhle, kanti eyesibili - akukho. Uma ohlanganiswe athomu electron, it is iguqulwe ibe anion, futhi uma ngabe electron kwesokunxele umzila wokuzungeza kwalo, athomu kokungathathi hlangothi iba seka. Njengoba potassium ithebula neenomborosikhundla ngokuvumelana Mendeleev, nesishiyagalolunye, kanye proton Kuyi-nucleus element kwamakhemikhali okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi ama-electron ezungeza i-nucleus ngokufanele nesishiyagalolunye. Isibalo proton, athomu eziqukethwe isakhiwo kungaba azimisele ngokukhipha kusukela e-athomu inombolo mass okwesingaki timphawu zamakhemikhali. Ngakho singaphetha ngokuthi kukhona amabili proton nucleus potassium. Njengoba sibonile kulesi sihloko, insimbi kungokwalabo ngenkathi yesine, it has omise ezine, lapho ama-electron, okuyizinto njalo motion ahlelwe nombala. potassium isikimu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: emzileni wokuqala electron ezimbili, kwesibili - ayisishiyagalombili; kanye eyesithathu, ekugcineni, owesine, umzila wokuzungeza uzungeza electron eyodwa kuphela. Lokhu kuchaza izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu womsebenzi chemical metal - orbit yokugcina alaneliswa ngokuphelele, ngakho konke okusemandleni ukuze baxhumane yimuphi omunye athomu, okubangela ama-electron kwabo okudlule uzungeza sekuyinto evamile.

Ngingalutholaphi lesi sici emvelweni?

Njengoba has an eliphezulu ngokwedlulele chemical umsebenzi emhlabeni akamtholanga esimweni okumsulwa. It ingabonakala kuphela njengengxenye ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. ingxenyenamba Mass potassium ungqimba lomhlaba singamaphesenti angu 2.4. Amaminerali ezivamile, okuhlanganisa i-potassium, - ke Salvini futhi carnallite. Eyokuqala has the chemical fomula elandelayo: NaCl • KCl. It has imibala variegated futhi yakhiwa sebuningini zinhlayiya anemibala namaphunga ahlukahlukene. Kuye isilinganiso potassium chloride kanye sodium, kanye khona ukungcola, kungenzeke iqukethe obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zibe bomvana izingxenye orange. Eyesibili amaminerali - carnallite - libukeka esobala, ukuphaphatheka okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphaphatheka pink noma zinhlayiya ugodo ephuzi. ifomula wayo chemical simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: KCl • MgCl2 • 6H2O. Kuyinto hydrate crystalline.

Indima potassium emzimbeni, ukungabi izimpawu kanye ngokweqile

Sikanye sodium isekela ibhalansi amanzi-usawoti kwamaseli. Omunye owaba nengxenye ukudluliselwa nerve ngiyibona phakathi nolwelwesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulawula ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali esitokisini wonke umzimba iyonke. It uhlanganyela umzimba, kuvimbela izindawo elivela kuzo edema, ingxenye cytoplasm - cishe amahlanu amaphesenti yayo - ningusawoti metal. I izinkomba esemqoka ukuthi umzimba sintula potassium is ukuvuvukala, izindawo elivela kuzo isifo ezifana iphimbo, ukucasuka kanye yokuphazamiseka isimiso sezinzwa, okusithiyayo yokusabela kanye inkumbulo ukungakhuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isamba enganele element trace kubathinta kabi amasistimu senhliziyo kwemisipha. Potassium ukuntula isikhathi eside kakhulu isikhathi kungabangela isifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi. Kodwa ngenxa ngokweqile potassium emzimbeni angagcina izilonda emathunjini. Ukuqikelela amandla ayo ukuze sithole imali evamile potassium, kubalulekile ukwazi kulokho imikhiqizo iqukethe.

Ukudla nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu trace element olucutshungulwayo

Okokuqala, kungcono nati, ezifana cashews, walnuts, hazelnuts, amantongomane, alimondi. Futhi, semali uku amazambane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium eziqukethwe izithelo ezomisiwe ezifana omisiwe amabhilikosi omisiwe, asithena. Rich kule isici, * nomkhoba kanyekanye, amantongomane. Futhi, lokuhlala eliphezulu ebonwe imidumba: Ubhontshisi, uphizi, amalentili. Laminaria wayecebe chemical isici idatha. Namanje neminye imikhiqizo equkethe isici okusebenzayo semali, itiye eliluhlaza kanye cocoa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-emakamu eliphezulu futhi sisesigodlweni izithelo eziningi ezifana ukwatapheya, ubhanana, amapentshisi, amawolintshi, grapefruits, apula. okusanhlamvu abaningi abacebile trace element enixoxa ngalo. Lena ngokuyinhloko nebhali kakolweni kanye nokunye okufana nokolweni. Ngo iparsley Brussels amahlumela futhi Ziningi potassium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, butholakala izaqathe kanye ikhabe. Anyanisi ube nenamba enkulu kubhekwe chemical isici. Amaqanda, ubisi noshizi nazo libhekene wokuqukethwe lelisetulu potassium. kuyinsakavukela Daily timphawu chemical kumuntu ovamile kusuka ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu amagremu.

isiphetho

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi potassium kubaluleke kakhulu amakhemikhali isici. Kuyadingeka synthesize compounds eziningi embonini zamakhemikhali. Futhi ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha kwezinye izimboni eziningi. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nomzimba womuntu, ngakho kumele kube njalo futhi lemali edingekayo ukwenza ukudla.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.