Ukuxhumana komphakathi waseShayina: ukubuka konke nokubheka amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Imakethe yezinsizakalo ze-intanethi iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwalawo mazwe lapho ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwesigaba esilandelayo kulindeleke yiChina. Abathandwayo ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-PRC kukhona amanethiwekhi omphakathi. Kodwa hhayi njalo lokho esijwayele ukuzwa ngakho, kodwa okuyingqayizivele, amaphrojekthi e-intanethi. Iyini inkinga yabo? Yimaphi amanethiwekhi omphakathi weRiphablikhi Yabantu baseChina angabonakala ukuthi ethandwa kakhulu?

Ingabe amanethiwekhi omphakathi athandwa eChina?

Ngaphambi kokucubungula amanethiwekhi omphakathi aseShayina omphakathi, sizofunda umbuzo wokuthi ngabe izizinda zokuxhumana ezifanele zidingeka yini eChina ngokuyisisekelo?

Njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi beqaphela, amaShayina ajwayele ukuxhumana nomphakathi futhi achitha isikhathi esiningi sokufunda ulwazi olunikezwa kuwo. Kodwa-ke, okufanayo kufanele kukhulunywe mayelana nezakhamuzi eziningi eziningi. Kunezinhlelo zokuxhumana zenhlalo zesiShayina ngesiRashiya: ukubukeka kwabo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungabonisa intshisekelo yabathuthukisi abavela eChina ekuthuthukiseni ingxenye ekhuluma isiRussia ye-Intanethi, naphezu komncintiswano onamandla okuvela eqinisweni, amaphrojekthi aseRashiya, ngakolunye uhlangothi - abonisa ukuthandwa kolimi lwesiRashiya emhlabeni. Izakhamuzi eziningi ezikhuluma isiRussia zihlala eChina ngokwazo.

Okuphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni amanethiwekhi omphakathi eChina

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi amaphrojekthi athandwayo aseNtshonalanga ase-Western - njenge-Facebook ne-Twitter - anzima ukusebenzisa eChina ngenxa yokulawulwa kombuso kokufinyelela kwimithombo efanele. Ngakho-ke, amapulatifomu e-intanethi aye ajwayele indoda yaseNtshonalanga emgwaqweni kungenzeka ukuthi aziwazi izakhamuzi eziningi zaseShayina. Kodwa, naphezu kokusebenza okuqinile kukahulumeni we-PRC ukulawula ukufinyeleleka kwezakhamuzi kwi-intanethi, izitayela zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko ezibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-intanethi azizange zithathwe yiChina.

Ngakho, ukukhula okungaqondakali ekuthandweni kwamanethiwekhi omphakathi, okwenzeke esikalini samaplanethi engxenyeni yesibili ka-2000, kuboniswe ingxenye yeShayina ye-intanethi. Ngenkathi eNtshonalanga, kuma-computer abasebenzisi, i-Facebook yayinephutha eliphakeme, eRussia - "Vkontakte" ne "Classmates", amanethiwekhi omphakathi aseShayina ayenze eyedwa, aphansi kakhulu kuma-sampula emhlabeni ahamba phambili ngokusebenza, nakwezinye izici futhi azidlula.

Ukuxhumana nomphakathi kwe-Chinese namuhla

Ngakho, ukuxhumana nomphakathi eChina, njengokunye kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni, kuye kwadumile futhi kuqhubeka kube njalo namhlanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isici sokuzimela kwe-intanethi e-China senze umthelela ophawulekayo kakhulu kwisakhiwo se-intanethi ehambisanayo: ukuxhumana nomphakathi okuthandwa kakhulu ku-PRC kwakunguzwelonke, hhayi amaphrojekthi wangaphandle. Inkanyezi yenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yaseChina i-Weibo, mhlawumbe, ngeke ibe ngaphansi kwezakhamuzi ze-PRC ngokuthandwa kwabalingiswa abadumile emhlabeni abanama-akhawunti ku-Facebook nakwamanye amarekhodi angaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yini ephawulekayo, abantu bangathola udumo ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu amaningana amakhulu e-intanethi.

Amanethiwekhi amakhulu kunazo zonke e-China

Yiziphi amanethiwekhi omphakathi aseShayina ahlonishwa kakhulu ? Ukulinganisa okunjalo kunzima - uma nje imakethe ye-intanethi e-China iqhubeka nokukhuthaza, futhi uma namhlanje amaphrojekthi eholayo, kusasa, ngokusemthethweni, bangathathelwa indawo abanye. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngemikhiqizo ethandwayo kakhulu embonini ye-intanethi ye-inthanethi engxenyeni yokuxhumana nomphakathi, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kufaka amaphrojekthi:

- WeChat.

- Sina Weibo.

- QQ.

- Renren.

- Baidu Tieba.

Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.

Amanethiwekhi amakhulu kunazo zonke e-China: WeChat

Ake siqale ukucubungula amanethiwekhi omphakathi waseShayina ne-WeChat enkulu yephrojekthi. Le nethiwekhi yezenhlalo yabonakala ngoJanuwari 2011 njengendlela yeselula, imisebenzi eyinhloko yamakholi wezwi kanye nemiyalezo yombhalo phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Ngokungeziwe, ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi zalolu hlelo lokusebenza, abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuhlanganyela izithombe, umsindo nevidiyo.

Izici eziphawulekayo zephrojekthi ye-WeChat zingabhekwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumela ukuhlela ukushintshaniswa kokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia nge-traffic encane. Esinye isici esichaza inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu ekusetshenzisweni ngayo ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi esekelwe endaweni yomuntu.

Ngokweminye imibiko, i-WeChat ebhaliswe ngabasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingu-400 kwinethiwekhi yokuxhumana. I-interfaces yenethiwekhi yokuxhumana enombuzo iyatholakala ngezilimi eziningana. Ngakho-ke, uma sicabangela ukuxhumana komphakathi waseShayina ngesiRussia, enkulu kunazo zonke izofaka ngokufanele iphrojekthi ye-WeChat.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwesicelo esilandelayo sisetshenziselwa izakhamuzi ze-PRC ngokuyinhloko ukuthola ukuzijabulisa okuthakazelisayo, ukushayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, itekisi, ukukhokhela ukuthenga, kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene nge-Inthanethi. Ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana emphakathini okukuvumela kukuphatha imali.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwakungaphakathi kwesicelo se-WeChat ukuthi ama-stickers asetshenzisiwe lapho ethumela imiyalezo. Lo msebenzi kamuva wamukelwa amanye amanethiwekhi omphakathi awaziwayo.

Iprojekthi ye-WeChat yaqashelwa njengenye yezohwebo eziphumelele kakhulu. Ngonyaka ka-2015, imali engenayo yenethiwekhi yezenhlalo idlule ngamanye ama- $ 14 billion. Amanye amanethiwekhi omphakathi aseShayina, njengoba ochwepheshe bethi, akakafinyelelanga imiphumela enjalo.

Kungase kuqaphele ukuthi iphrojekthi ye-WeChat isungulwe ngokuqinile emakethe yaseNdiya. Ukukhuthazwa kwakhe kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi ye-Ibibo ngosizo lwekampani yokuxhumana ye-Tencent esuka eChina.

Sina Weibo

Enye inethiwekhi yezenhlalo ethandwa eChina i-Sina Weibo. Kwavela ngaphambi kwe-WeChat, ngo-2009. Njengoba ochwepheshe bathi, inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ye-Chinese Weibo yemisebenzi eyisisekelo ifana neprojekthi yaseRussia "Vkontakte". Ukusebenzisa i-interfaces etholakala kwi-portal ehambelanayo, abasebenzisi bangashintshanisa imiyalezo, ukurekhoda komsindo namavidiyo, kanye nemibhalo ehlukahlukene.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwe-social network ye-Weibo kuhlungwa. Ngakho-ke, izitatimende ezingekho-normative, ulwazi olungavunyelwe, kanye nokuxhumana, okungesizathu esivunyelwe yizinhlaka zikahulumeni ze-People's Republic of China, zihlungiwe. Kodwa kungabonakala ukuthi abasebenzisi ababeka ulwazi olungadingeki ku-Weibo inethiwekhi yezenhlalo bayakwazi ukususa ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Kulokhu banikwa isikhathi esithile.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi ephawulekayo yenethiwekhi yokuxhumana okukhulunywe kuyo yikhono lokusebenzisa ipulatifomu yokudlala. Akudingekile ukubhalisa kwinethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi i-portal ekhonjiwe nayo ingasetshenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo izakhamizi zaseShayina ukuthi zithenge kunethiwekhi: inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ehambisanayo ihlanganiswe nenkonzo ethandwayo ye-intanethi yezokuthengwa kwe-Shangou.

I-social network QQ

Uhlelo olulandelayo oluthandwayo lwesiShayina luyi-QQ. Kukhona elinye igama lale nethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu - i-Qzone. Kuyinto isevisi abasebenzisi abangashintsha ngayo imiyalezo, benze amakholi wevidiyo uma usebenzisa amadivaysi ahlukene.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ehambisanayo ayithandwa kuphela e-China, kodwa futhi ngaphandle kwe-PRC. Uma sicabangela, ikakhulukazi, amanethiwekhi okuthandwa abantu aseShayina ngesiNgisi, iphrojekthi ephikisana nayo ingabhekwa kakhulu kunazo zonke.

Ngokweminye imithombo, inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ehambisanayo yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele ngenani labasebenzisi. Uvumelana kuphela namaphrojekthi amakhulu kunawo wonke - i-Facebook ne-Google. Kubhalisiwe kuwo abasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600.

Umthuthukisi wephrojekthi yi-Chinese telecommunications corporation Tencent Inc. Le nkampani ingumhlinzeki omkhulu we-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, lo mkhiqizo uhilelekile ekusekeleni inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ye-WeChat, okushiwo ngenhla.

Project Renren

Iphrojekthi enkulu elandelayo e-intanethi, eyenziwa ngabachwepheshe baseShayina - inethiwekhi yenethiwekhi Renren. Njengoba ochwepheshe bethi, le portal ithandwa ikakhulukazi nabafundi baseShayina. Le platform yileyokuqala - ivele ngo-2005.

Inethiwekhi yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi yayingumfundi we-Tianjin University. Ngaphakathi kwezixhumanisi zenethiwekhi yokuxhumana, abasebenzisi bangashintsha imilayezo, izinhlobo ezehlukene zokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia, ukudlala imidlalo, ukukhokhela ukuthenga ezitolo ze-intanethi.

Ukwenza imali ye-social network Renren kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, amakhasi ezentengiselwano aletha inzuzo kulo msebenzi: angasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngemikhiqizo emikhulu kumasu awo wokumaketha. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekubukeni kokuhweba, amanethiwekhi omphakathi waseShayina angaba yimiklamo ephumelele kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinye izici eziphawulekayo zenethiwekhi yezenhlalo Renren - ukutholakala kwamathuba okuhlinzeka ngezinga eliphakeme lemininingwane yedatha yomsebenzisi. Ngakho, umnikazi wekhasi lomuntu siqu kule nethiwekhi yezokuxhumana, angakwazi ukufihla idatha mayelana naye ekubukeni ngabasebenzisi besithathu.

Uhlelo lwe-Baidu Tieba

Iphrojekthi elandelayo enamandla ye-intanethi ye-PRC yi-social network ye-Baidu Tieba. Kubuye kube ngokwesigaba sokuqala - inethiwekhi yezenhlalo yabonakala ngoDisemba 2003. Ukuziqhenya kwalolu hlelo kuyikhono lokuthola idatha ezithakazelisayo ngosizo lwamagama abalulekile. Umgomo oyinhloko walesi siteshi ukuhlanganisa abantu abanezintshisekelo ezivamile. Ngakho-ke, uma sicabangela ukuxhumana komphakathi waseShayina wokuthandana, iphrojekthi ye-Baidu Tieba ingahle ibe yinto ekhangayo kakhulu kubasebenzisi.

I-Baidu njengomkhiqizo wamazwe omhlaba

Inethiwekhi ebuzwayo empeleni ingxenye yesistimu yokusesha ye-Baidu, okuyinto enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi enye isevisi ngaphakathi kwe-Baidu, engabizwa ngokuthi inethiwekhi yomphakathi egcwele, yi-Baidu Space.

Ngokuvamile, isistimu yokusesha ye-Baidu ihlanganisa nezinsizakalo eziningi ezithandwayo nezobuchwepheshe. Ibuye isebenzise imisebenzi eminingi yokuxhumana ewusizo.

I-Sotsseti ku-PRC njengethuluzi lokukhuthazwa kwebhizinisi

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukuxhumana komphakathi waseShayina - ngesiRussia, kanye nabanye, abangaphandle kwamakhemikhali we-PRC - basesimweni eziningi esetshenziswa amaqembu anentshisekelo njengamathuluzi okuthengisa asebenzayo - lapho bekhuthaza ibhizinisi labo eChina. Ngalo mqondo, ulwazi lwamapulatifomu afanelekayo lungaba nesithakazelo esithile emabhizinisini ezentengiselwano ahlela ukuhlala emakethe okuzokwenza.

Imikhiqizo eminingi yezwe enkulu kakhulu isebenzisa izinsiza ze-Chinese ngezinhloso zokuthengisa. Ezimweni eziningi, lezo zindlela zokugqugquzelwa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezizibonakalise ngaphandle kweChina, ziyakwazi ukuzala futhi ku-PRC. Leli qhinga liba khona, okokuqala, ngenxa yokubandakanyeka okuphawulekayo kwezakhamizi zaseShayina ekuxhumaneni kwezenhlalo, kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokusungulwa kwe-interfaces yezingxenyekazi ezimele, uma siqhathanisa amaphrojekthi aseWestern and Chinese.

Isifinyezo

Ngakho-ke, safunda amanethiwekhi omphakathi aseShayina . Uhlu lwalabo abathintwa yibo, eqinisweni, alukwazi ukubhekwa njengesilinganiso, kodwa ngokuvamile lubonisa ukubonakala kwamaphrojekthi afanelekile. Izakhamizi ze-PRC zazibandakanyekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana nomphakathi ngesimo esisezingeni esingaphansi kwalabo abenza umsebenzi wabasebenzisi baseNtshonalanga ye-Intanethi.

Amaphrojekthi enamandla kunabo bonke ku-intanethi engxenyeni yokuxhumana nomphakathi e-China yilabo abakhiwe ngabathuthukisi baseShayina. Amaphrojekthi aseNtshonalanga aphethwe yi-state, futhi ngisho nalapho ebuthakathaka, akukona nakancane ukuthi abantu be-PRC basuke behamba ngokukhululekile ukuvakashela amarekhodi angaphandle. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe, okokuqala, ukuthi ukuxhumana komphakathi waseShayina akusho ukuthi akuphansi kwalabo abakhiwe ngaphandle kwe-PRC, ngokusebenza, ukulungiswa kwezixhumanisi, kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza.

Amanethiwekhi omphakathi weRiphabhuliki Yabantu baseChina angasetshenziswa ngamakhulu amakhulu njengethuluzi lokuthengisa eliphumelelayo - elifana nendlela izinto ezisetshenziswa ngayo ngaphandle kweChina.