Impi Russian-Turkish zeminyaka 1768-74.

impi Russian-Turkish zeminyaka 1768-74 yesihlanu empini phakathi eRussia kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Ukuphikisana eziyisisekelo azishintshile - kokuba ukufinyelela kwamahhala oLwandle Olumnyama. A izimbangela esisemthethweni empini Russian-Turkish yilezi ezilandelayo: uhulumeni waseRussia eliholwa uCatherine II yaqala ngenkuthalo angenele ezindabeni zezombusazwe ePoland, lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ukuphikiswa impi phakathi Ibha Confederation kanye elibusayo King UStanislava Ponyatovskogo. amabutho Russian alwa ohlangothini inkosi.

Lapho siphishekela zamabutho kokuphikiswa, lamabutho Russian of Cossacks ehlasela emazweni Turkish futhi ngimatasa edolobheni elincane Balta. Iziphathimandla Turkish, e umfelandawonye Polish Confederates futhi ngokusekelwa Austria neFrance iqale impi ngo-Russia Septhemba 25, 1768. Ngakho limise impi Russian-Turkish zeminyaka 1768-74.

Kulesi impi, Turkey okuhloswe ukuba sikuqonde ubunikazi, ekuthumbeni Kiev, Astrakhan futhi oLwandle Azov; France ne-Austria-ke besethemba ukuthi buthaka ithonya Russia nase ukubuyisela imingcele wangaphambili iPoland Polish Confederates wayethemba ekugcineni ukugumbuqela umbuso kuleli zwe.

Kuze kube sekupheleni 1768 amaqembu kwakungafanele ubutha asebenzayo, kodwa kuphela babambisana amabutho awo kanye yayilungiselela impi. Army esengaphansi Golitsyn wathutha kancane, bangazihluphi indawo ezungeze Dniester bubheke inqaba Hawtin. Ibutho Russian yesibili, elaliholwa Jikelele Rumyantsev, kwakufanele avikele indawo ye-Ukraine kusukela YaseCrimea kuphangwa Turkish.

Impi waqala ebusika 1769, lapho Cavalry Army khan eCrimea Giray ehlasela izwe lakwa-Ukraine. Njengoba kulindelekile, lokhu kuhlasela washaqiswa ibutho Rumyantsev sika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabutho Russian ethumba yaseTaganrog, usule ukufinyelela oLwandle Azov futhi waqala ngaphakathi dalo of Azov weqembu lemikhumbi.

impi Russian-Turkish zeminyaka 1768-74 kwakuyisimangaliso ukuthi ngesikhathi impi yalo yoMbuso WaseTurkey hhayi ungawina olulodwa noma iyiphi ukunqoba zanchitelno. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunqotshwa yayo kakhulu ocindezelayo ibutho Turkish wahlupheka Battle of Chesma kanye Battle of Cahul.

Chesma impi senzeka ekupheleni June 1770, lapho imikhumbi Russian, elaliholwa Admiral yamathebhu Spiridov futhi, ngenxa operation brilliant wakwazi ukukhiya eBay of Cesme ngesikhathi imikhumbi isitha futhi labhujiswa ngokuphelele ngoxhaxha Turkish. Ngenxa yalokho sale mpi Potro-Turks baba izinkulungwane 10, futhi ngo-Russian - abantu abangu-11 kuphela.

Futhi impi ezweni July 21, 1770 at Cahul esizayo ovelele felmarshal Rumyantsev. Ibutho lakhe 17000th amqoba eziyikhulu ibutho senkulungwane Khalil Pasha. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa amacebo brilliant okuhlaselayo ukuthi zisetshenziswa othi awube. Esikhathini esithile, lapho amabutho Turkish sicindezelwe amabutho Russian ikakhulukazi ngolaka Rumyantsev waziphonsa uyolwa baphendukela ukuhlasela amasosha, owayeseqale ukuthi amanzi anciphe. Janissary eligoqiwe ngemva livela okokuqala, waqala ukuthatha izikhundla abahlakaze.

Ngokusho imiphumela impi eyodwa Russian nengxenye elahlekile izinkulungwane zabantu abangu, futhi abaseTurkey - engaphezu kuka-20 eziyinkulungwane. Ngemva kokunqoba okukhulu Cahul owayezinikele inqaba Turkish of Izmail futhi Kilia.

Kusukela 1770 kuya 1774. Inkinga bhe ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. ICaucasus- nesifunda Black Sea babe nenzondo esebenzayo lapho ukunqoba ngokuphindaphindiwe kukora amasosha Russian. Usizo wathembisa abavela ePoland, Austria neFrance, abaseTurkey zingakutholi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1772, iziphathimandla Turkish wanquma ukuqala izingxoxo zokuthula. Iphuzu eliyinhloko lapho amaqembu ungazange bavumelana - kwaba isiphetho eCrimea. uhlangothi Russian waphikelela ngokuthi kutimela eCrimea, nabaseTurkey uyakwala lokhu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akehlelanga umbono jikelele, izinhlangothi ezimbili uqalisiwe impi.

Ngo 1773-74 amasosha Russian bakwazi ukuba luthathe enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. ibutho Ikakhulukazi ovelele iphansi kwesandla sika-Suvorov, ngubani inqobe brilliant at Girsova, Kozludzhi futhi Turtukay.

EGeorgia, ngalesi sikhathi, futhi, belwa abaseTurkey, kodwa lithi akufanele ibe yimpumelelo njengoba eMoldova futhi emaqeleni YaseCrimea. Ngo 1771 uCatherine II ngaphambilini ukuhoxisa amasosha Russian kusukela Georgia, ngoba kokuhlala kwawo kukhona eminye abhekwa. Nokho, izenzakalo eCaucasus, amabutho Turkish woketshezi yaseshashalazini main of imisebenzi, ephinde ibe nomthelela omuhle phakathi nempi.

Ekugcineni, iziphathimandla Turkish baphoqeleka ukungena ngemvume isivumelwano sokuthula futhi ufeze zonke izimo ukuthi push Russia. Yaphela kanjalo-ke empini Russian-Turkish zeminyaka 1768-74. Kwathi edolobheni elincane Bulgarian ka Küçük Kaynardzha ngoJulayi 1774.

Imiphumela impi Russian-Turkish yilezi ezilandelayo: uMbuso Russian yazuza indawo ephakathi Dnieper kanye Bug, kuhlanganise ugu, kanye inqaba YaseCrimea. Krymskoe Hanstvo kwathiwa geqe, futhi Russian yomthengisi imikhumbi ngesikhathi esifanayo ithole ilungelo ndima khulula ngokusebenzisa Straits. Ngakho, i-Russia oye wakwazi ukufeza icebo lakhe, esiphezulu, ilethwa impi Russian-Turkish.