Zika imfiva: izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela

lenqwaba amagciwane asendaweni. Nezilwanyana ezincane ukuthi ingabonakali ngeso lenyama, abangele izifo umuntu ohlukile. Ezinye Amagciwane ngisho ziholele ekufeni. Zeke igciwane kuyingozi kakhulu.

I-ejenti causative lesi sifo

Zika imfiva - yisifo esibangela igciwane of the gama elifanayo. He is ilungu uhlobo lwe Flavivirus. Ngokokuqala ngqá igciwane kubonakele ku igazi ngo-1947 izinkawu ezihlala ehlathini Sika (Uganda). Yingakho leli gama yaba yithuluzi causative fever.

Ngo-1948, Zika igciwane, ososayensi baye bathola e omiyane ukuthi wahlala ehlathini efanayo. Izifundo ukuthi sezenziwe esikhathini esizayo ngochwepheshe wabonisa ukuthi lwegciwane kungathelela abantu. Cases ukutheleleka womuntu sezihlonziwe ngo-1952 (i-Uganda kanye ne-United Republic of Tanzania).

Ukusabalala imfiva

Lesi sifo isikhathi eside isikhathi ukuthi ukuthi ayinangozi. Akubanga nokuqubuka ezihlobene nalesi sifo, ezifana imfiva Zika. Kwamanye amazwe ukukhomba ejenti causative? Amasosha Omzimba igciwane atholakele kubantu e-Afrika naseNingizimu-Asia engasempumalanga (eGibhithe, eNdiya, eVietnam, Indonesia, eCentral African Republic, Thailand, njll). Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo isifo sekukhona phakathi abacwaningi eminyakeni yamuva, lapho lesi sifo isiqala zanda ngokushesha ngale uhla yayo.

Ukugqashuka lokuqala imfiva Sika sasitholakala eziqhingini Yap elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, futhi bayingxenye -United iphakethe of Micronesia. Ngemva ukuhlolwa laboratory waqinisekisa 49 amacala ukutheleleka. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, omunye Isifo bhalisiwe e French Polynesia. Ngo 2013-2014, ayizinkulungwane 32. Abantu abangu okwaxoxwa. National uhlelo ukubhekwa ezibhalise angaphezulu kwangu-8 ayizinkulungwane. Amacala okusolwayo lesi sifo. Kulawa, abantu 383 waqinisekisa BVVZ (yisifo esibangwa igciwane Zika) emva ukuhlolwa laboratory.

Ngo-2014, sona lesi sifo watheleka eNingizimu Melika. Zika imfiva kwatholakala e izakhamizi ka-Easter Island. Cishe ngemva konyaka we-RNA ye lwegciwane itholwe abantu abahlala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil. Kusukela ngo-January 2015, ngo-February 2016 amacala ukungenwa yigciwane zalotshwa emazweni 44. BVVZ babe yinkinga yembulunga yonke.

Icala lokuqala fever Zika eRussia

E-Australia, eChina, Japan, Canada naseYurophu eqoshiwe izimo kuphela "amazwe". uma ukulethwa imfiva bubhaliwe eRussia Zeke izivakashi, abuyela ezweni lawo. Female (yobudala - iminyaka engu-36) kwakune-ukuphumula eDominican Republic esikhathini kusuka 27 Januwari kuya ku-3 Febhuwari 2016. Izikhathi eziningi wayenyamalala abalunywe omiyane, ngenxa okuyinto isifo yavela.

Zika imfiva ebonakaliswa ngosuku ukubuya. Izivakashi wazizwa ubuthakathaka, ukungakhululeki lapho esiswini. Fika eRussia, aqala ukuqaphela izimpawu ezilandelayo: indle okuxekethile, ikhanda elibuhlungu, awahlabi phezu kwesifuba nezingalo, imfiva. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokubuya owesifazane esibhedlela esimweni kobukhulu ngokulinganisela. Odokotela baye baphawula hyperemia wakhe oropharynx, ukuqubuka encane ebusweni, umzimba kanye nemilenze, ukwanda wesibeletho lymph node, imfiva kuze kube degrees 38.

izimpawu NEKWETFULA ekwenzele odokotela ukuba singaphethi khona esinye sezifo ezifana udenga imfiva kanye Zeke. Ukwelapha kungaba kunqunyiwe ngemva ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe. I Ochwepheshe wathatha amasampula laboratory ukuhlolwa umchamo futhi igazi. Ngokuhamba ucwaningo luye lwathola viral RNA Zika.

Ukudluliswa pathogen ngokusebenzisa Ukulunywa

Abathwali igciwane kukhona omiyane bohlobo lwe-Aedes (Ae. UAfricanus, Ae. Aegypti, Ae. Albopictus). I lwegciwane ingena emzimbeni ukulunywa yizinambuzane ngemva iziguli wezinkawu. Indlela bane izinkawu - umbuzo impendulo okungakwazi ukunikeza isayensi yesimanje. Kwesigubhu igciwane ngokwemvelo alwaziwa.

Abantu Zika imfiva kwenzeka ngemva ukuncela omiyane elinegciwane. Ngesikhathi bite amagciwane ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, basakazwa kuso nge zamanje imithambo yegazi. Lokhu lwegciwane ukudluliswa indlela libizwa athathelwana.

ukudluliswa ngokocansi igciwane

Abantu abatheleleke nge-Zika imfiva, pathogen itholiwe hhayi kuphela e-plasma bese serum, kodwa futhi, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Leli qiniso wavumela ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi imodi transmissive yokudlulisela asigcini. Lingaqhubeka faka umzimba onempilo ngesikhathi Ukusondelana isiguli.

Dlulisa imfiva ucansi Sika eqoshiwe eFrance, e-Italy, US, eNew Zealand nase-Argentina. I-ejenti causative sifo futhi zitholiwe ngamathe, umchamo abantu abagulayo. Nokho, okwamanje ayikho ubufakazi bokusekela kungenzeka yokudlulisela igciwane ngokuxhumana wathi lomzimba.

Transmission igciwane ezingenzeka embungwini ngesikhathi besakhulelwe noma lapho bebeletha

Zika imfiva angadluliselwa ingane ngesikhathi besakhulelwe noma lapho bebeletha. ukudluliswa Transplacental mpo igciwane kuphakamisa ukutheleleka intrauterine futhi ukubukeka kombungu. Ukutheleleka ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha, okubangela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane azalwa nako.

ukutheleleka Intrauterine kungadala:

• ukuze isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
• fetus retardation ukukhula;
• esingamahlalakhona esinomhlapho ;
• ukufa fetus.

Zeke ngesikhathi imfiva ekuqaleni ekukhulelweni amathuba microcephaly. Lokhu ochwepheshe eside ukuqonda skull incane kakhulu kanye nobuchopho. Izingane abanale inkinga, esezele ikhanda kayikhuli. Microcephaly - isimo sasivumela ezingavamile. Nokho, ngo-2015-2016 isibalo sezingane azalelwa nale zokugula liye landa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa imfiva Zika. Phakathi nale nkathi kwakukhona abangaphezu kuka-5 izinkulungwane. Wokuzalwa izingane nge microcephaly komama igciwane.

izimpawu

Ngemva kokuba yenhlwathi umiyane okungukuthi othwala igciwane, inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni iqala. ubude bayo kungaba kusuka 3 izinsuku 2 amaviki. izimpawu zokuqala zenzeka ngemva kwenkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kubonakaliswa emitholampilo ye isifo eba% 20-25 kuphela abantu asebengenwe igciwane. Ukuze odokotela angase esolwa leso sifo, ezifana imfiva Zeke, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo kufanele libukwe:

• imfiva olulodwa;
• awahlabi esiqwini futhi emikhawulweni;
• ubuhlungu bamalunga;
• ukuvuvukala nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kwamehlo.

Ezinye iziguli esekhala ubuhlungu emisipheni nasemalungeni esiswini, izigqiki ngokushesha futhi njalo okuxekethile, ukuhlanza, pruritus. Nokho, lezi zimpawu fever Zika avele kakhulu kuyaqabukela.

isevisi kuyinto

I-plasma bese igazi serum, ngamathe, umchamo, isidoda - impahla ofanele ukuthola izifo ezifana imfiva Zika. Sifo engenziwa cerebrospinal fluid kanye olusesibelethweni, uma kunesidingo, i-enkabeni intambo igazi. Lapho ukufa isifundo amasampula womuntu yezitho zangaphakathi (isibindi, izinso, ubuchopho, namaphaphu).

Ngokuyinhloko Ochwepheshe ukunikeza igazi amasampuli kuphela. Le nqubo wenziwa ekuseni. Igazi esikrinini kuboniswe 3-4 ml test tube ne anticoagulant. Khona it is centrifuged ukuthola plaza. Lichazwa isampula Ochwepheshe agcinwe ngaphambi polymerase chain reaction (i-PCR):

• kungakadluli amalanga 5 ezingeni lokushisa 4-8 degrees Celsius;
• 1 year at lokususa 6-20 degrees;
• enkathini eyisikhathi eside ezingeni lokushisa -70 degrees Celsius.

serum okulungiselelwe izindlela ezijwayelekile. Lilondolozwe kuze ukuqaliswa izifundo serological futhi yamangqamuzana zofuzo kuyi-izindlela zokuxilonga ezifana plasma.

Sifo samukelwa ukuchitha izinsuku 5-7 ukugula, futhi ezinsukwini 7-10. Ngesonto lokuqala sifo polymerase chain reaction (i-PCR) ku amasampula egazi eqoqwe wembula Zika imfiva igciwane - kunalokho RNA yalo. Igm amasosha omzimba kutholwa ngo-5-6 izinsuku imfiva. Ekupheleni kwesonto lokugula yesibili avele IgG ekilasini masosha omzimba egazini labantu abanaleli gciwane.

ukuphathwa umkhuhlane

Kuwo wonke amazwe, ngaphandle Russia, esibhedlela abantu abane izimpawu zesifo esibangelwa igciwane Zika kwenziwe kuphela uma isifo kuboniswe. ERussia, konkhe kwehlukile. Zonke iziguli ezine izimpawu asolisayo kuthiwa ungeniswe esibhedlela esibhedlela ezithathelwanayo lapho novivinyo.

Zika imfiva, ogama izimpawu zaso, kwenzeka ngokuvamile omnene. Odokotela linqume iziguli antipyretics ukuncoma phumula ngokwanele futhi uphuze uketshezi oluningi. ukwelashwa esiyimbangela ukuthi angayiqeda alikho imbangela Zika imfiva. zocwaningo kanye nezinkampani zamazwe omhlaba abasebenza ukuthuthukisa izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane. Kodwa ongakabi ephethwe ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kungaba okudiliza lwegciwane emzimbeni womuntu.

ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe ukuphathwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe enomkhuhlane Zika. Lapho sitholakele lesi sifo besifazane abakhululekile sesimweni hhayi Kunconywa acetylsalicylic acid. Ngo senyanga yokuqala sokukhulelwa kuyadingeka ukuze ugcwalise inhlolovo. amasu ultrasound ayeba asetshenziselwa koda ukuxilongwa kokubeletha. Imiphumela etholwe asivumela ukuxazulula umbuzo wokusindisa yokukhulelwa.

yezinkinga kungenzeka

Ngo-2015, lapho kugqashuka BVVZ eBrazil yabhaliswa. Ochwepheshe ukuyohlola, wathi ukuthi inani elandayo labantu abanaleli gciwane iye yandisa inani labantu kweziguli Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lena isimo lapho uhlelo umuntu sokuzivikela kuthinta neuropathy isimiso sezinzwa.

Ezimweni eziningi, abantu Guillain-Barre syndrome omnene. Iziguli uqaphele ebuthakathakeni yakhe nokunsonsotha kule aphansi kanye engenhla emikhawulweni. Abanye abantu babe nokukhubazeka we imilenze, izandla, imisipha yobuso. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ka Guillain-Barre syndrome kuholela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula, ukuboshwa inhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu bayafa.

Iziguli Guillain-Barre syndrome, imfiva okubangelwa Zika, kufanele baqashwe ngokucophelela (idinga ukuqapha wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, emishinini yokuphefumula). Yingakho abantu abagulayo, ngisho yezinkinga omnene ukuthi ungeniswe esibhedlela.

izinyathelo

Ukuze ebhekene leso sifo, ezifana imfiva Zika, zokuvimbela kufanele kube lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Abantu abakhetha indawo holiday yakho phesheya, kuyafaneleka ukunaka emazweni are nempumelelo ngokuya epidemiological.
2. Uma iholidi kuhlelelwe esimweni, lapho imithombo imfiva omiyane, kungcono ukuthatha oxosha izinambuzane. Ungasebenzisa ukukhanya izingubo ezinemibala ukuthi ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yeminyaka umzimba ukuze awuvikele izinambuzane.
3. Esikhathini amahhotela musa ukuvula amafasitela ngaphandle uma ifakwe amanetha omiyane.
4. Kudingeka nokuba sigweme ngokuvakashela namaxhaphozi. iziqukathi Water (amathayi, imbali izimbiza) kufanele akhishwe futhi bahlanza (noma okuthile ukumboza), ngoba omiyane uthande umoya elina epholile.

Ungakhohlwa futhi ukuthi BVVZ angadluliselwa ngokobulili. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe ovela iholide emasontweni 8 (ngaphandle izimpawu) kufanele ulandele ucansi ephephile (ukusetshenziswa amakhondomu noma ukugwema ukuthintana obuseduze). Ngesikhathi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo le ndlela yokuphila kuyodingeka ukuba ilwe izinyanga ezingu-6 (okungenani).

Ekuphetheni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi Zika imfiva (yomtholampilo, Epidemiology, ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela isifo) - esematheni. Ukugula, okwakuqabukela athathwe ngokungathi sína isikhathi eside, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye abe ingozi empilweni nasekuphileni kwabantu kakhulu kule planethi. Okwamanje BVVZ akukaqondwa ngokuphelele: Angazi zonke izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngenxa lwegciwane ukuba yokugoma nezidakamizwa ngokumelene igciwane athuthukile. Mhlawumbe lezi zinkinga zizoxazululwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ngoba kunhlanganiso zamazwe omhlaba kanye zocwaningo ababesebenza lezi zindawo.