Zomphakathi kanye isimo umthetho: ubudlelwane okungumsu

Phakathi isimo kanye nomthetho, kukhona ubuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu. Isimo amazinga kahulumeni ahlukahlukene umsebenzi kudala imithetho zomthetho futhi uzisebenzisela, ephoqa umphakathi iqoqo labantu abahlala isimo, sizilandele. Ngakho, wonke umbuso ukhiqiza mthetho futhi siqondiswe yiwo, kodwa noma ngabe wonke umbuso ngesisekelo leli qiniso, angabizwa ngokuthi engokomthetho? Ngokusobala hhayi: ezimweni lapho imithetho isimo aphula nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya lizwe, hhayi ithuba ukuqaphela umthetho wemvelo, lapho kwezakhi enkulu yomphakathi ayifakiwe inqubo zomthetho , futhi ngeke usithonye umkhuba wokusebenzisa umthetho, asikwazi ukulawula amalungiselelo kwamandla ngesimo amalungelo ezakhamizi lapho imithetho zisetshenziswa ngokukhetha - lapho isimo esingokomthetho ukukhuluma ekuseni.

isimo lomthetho ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle zemiphakathi, okuyinto ezingeni eyanele yentuthuko. Ngempela, ukuba khona ngomphakathi onjalo - lena umbandela esiyinhloko isimo kungenzeka idluliselwe Yomthetho. Cabanga zemiphakathi futhi umthetho. Yiziphi le miqondo emibili, kusukela isixhumanisi phakathi kwazo iseduze kakhulu futhi ezimbili indlela?

Emlandweni nefilosofi, isimo umthetho ezisekelwe isikhathi eside ezikhonjwe kumiswa isimo ngaphansi ukulawula "ababusi abahlakaniphile". Lo mbono ngokwethembeka isakhiwo temphakatsi yi "phezulu" eyaqanjwa utopia eziningi. Kodwa Ukukhanyiselwa kuqala kubuyekezwe umbono wokusungula umthetho, okungaba ukuqaphela izifiso kanye nezifiso abavamile. Uvele futhi basungula umqondo zomphakathi. Jean-Zhak Russo, ekwakheni umqondo "inkontileka social" ngokokuqala babehlukanisa terimny ezifana temphakatsi kanye umthetho. Lesi senzakalo ezimbili - "republic" futhi "inhlangano" izakhamuzi banezinkinga zabo, ngezinye izikhathi engqubuzanayo njengosongo abese ephikisa. Ngo zomthetho isimo igunya futhi umphakathi njengoba "yasayina isivumelwano" ku ukuhloniphana futhi bazimisele ukulalela imithetho ethile (imithetho).

Ucwaningo olunzulu kakhulu inkinga ka ukurhunyezwa umphakathi isimo kanye civil wasikisela ukuba Hegel. Sicabanga ngalokho umphakathi kanye nesimo njengoba yisikhungo esizimele. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ubuhlobo ecacile temphakatsi kanye umthetho. Lesi sakamuva umelwe ezibonisa ngokuqinile jikelele uboniswe aggregate intando izakhamizi. Uma sizama elichaza okushiwo zemiphakathi, kuba ngokuya ihogela ukuqaliswa esemthethweni yangasese izimfuno zabantu.

Ngo umthetho, kukhona izimpawu ezithile. Lona umthetho, lapho wonke umuntu uyalingana phambi komthetho futhi ubavikela nangobudlova iziphathimandla. Lokhu kwakudinga ukwehlukana amandla kule zokwahlulela, mphathi zomthetho (emazweni amaningi, umphakathi kanye nesimo ngokomthetho axhunyiwe kule ndawo ukuthi inkampani efeza umsebenzi igunya lokuphatha phezu izenzo neziphathimandla). Lokhu kuqala amalungelo ezakhamizi kanye nenkululeko yabo nezithakazelo isimo lapho ungacimi iyahola, nezithakazelo abantu ababehlala ezweni. Futhi ekugcineni, kungumsebenzi mutual isimo kanye ngabanye. Lokho, umuntu ekwazi ukuveza imibono noma yini oyithandayo, inqobo nje kungaphuli amalungelo abanye.

Isilinganiso zomthetho isimo kanye nomphakathi kungenziwa libhekene ngendlela ukuthi umphakathi ihambisana into efana ngesisekelo social isimo. isimo esingokomthetho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle le ngxenye. Kodwa hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Umphakathi ngaphandle ngomthetho kungenzeka - kodwa igcwele kulabo abantu amandla abangazinaki izithakazelo asebenzayo, tinhlangano temphakatsi ovuthiwe kakade.

Kodwa yonke imisebenzi zemiphakathi luhlose ukwakha noma ukugcina umthetho, noma ngabe uhulumeni wombuso ngokuthi izenzo zalo ubhidliza ukuzinza kanye nokusebenzisa kabi igunya. Umphakathi esifundazweni sase-athuthukile sifuna ukuhlomisa umphakathi zomthetho njengoba endaweni yazo. Ngokusobala, temphakatsi kanye isimo esingokomthetho bakha esimisweni sezenhlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi organic, lapho bobabili izingxenye Okusizayo ukusekela kanye umphelelisi nomunye.