Izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo kanye nezimpawu

Ezweni kukhona izinto eziningi ezehlukene kakhulu ukuthi asazi. uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo - umqondo ukuthi sithanda futhi baqonde intuitively, kodwa incazelo yayo egcwele akamuhle kubonakala efika kuqala. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngalokho izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo, indima yabo, injongo, kungani sidinga ukwazi ukuthi bakuphi.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhuluma ngokuqondile ngale ndaba esihlokweni sethu, thina lokumba umlando lo mqondo.

indaba

Ngakho, lapho izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo? Inchazelo yokuqala yale umqondo wanikezwa Charles Sanders Peirce - sefilosofi American nesazi sezibalo, wenza ekuqaleni isayensi njengoba semiotics. Pilo lo Usosayensi phakathi nesishiyagalolunye - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kule singaphetha ngokuthi, ngezindinganiso umlando, izinhlamvu yisakhiwo sodumo kanye nezimpawu njengendlela mqondo uvele hhayi ngakho kudala. Nokho, kusukela ngo-kwencazelo eside uye washintsha abalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, semiotics ka 'uPierce waphetha ngemcondvo wakhe ukuthi isibonakaliso yisakhiwo sodumo lokho elikumelelayo, "kukhona sinye siyafanana." Kodwa uma ubuka eduze, futhi kokubuka shí ngale ndaba, ungase uzibuze lo mbuzo: "Ingabe isithombe has ezifanayo kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba ukuthi wayefanekisela kuncike wakhe noma endaweni?" Lutho neze.

Ukuze ngandlela-thile ukuxazulula izinkinga, sesayensi Italian sefilosofi Umberto Eco uklame lo mbono: umehluko phakathi uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo isithombe yangempela ikakhulukazi bezibona. Lokho Bebona uhlobo oluthile isithombe sisebenzisa atholwe ngaphambili ulwazi ngezinto futhi izinto ezibekwe phezu kwawo.

Kusukela esiyikho a eside ezifana semiotics, sesizoxoxa ngalo kabanzi.

Kuyini semiotics?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, leli gama libhekisela isayensi, okuyinto ingxenye yezilimi. Ukuvela kamuva nje futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye wahlakulela kakhulu ngenkuthalo. Namuhla ukuhlaziywa imibhalo emazingeni ehlukene - inkinga ebalulekile, okwakuhilela lo nezikhungo nocwaningo amaqembu wonke lososayensi.

Ngosizo semiotics yiluphi ulwazi okungatholakala baphathwe njengoba umbhalo. Futhi lokhu engavamile yayo. Ulwazi embhalweni kungenziwa okwethulwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kubandakanya ajwayelekile kithi ngamazwi (noma ngamazwi) futhi umyalezo yisakhiwo sodumo. Umqondo imiyalezo yisakhiwo sodumo kungabuye ifakiwe, nevidiyo. Phela, kodwa namhlanje omningi okuqukethwe sokudliwa abantu. Isiqophi - lokhu empeleni kuyinto iqoqo izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo, okusho ukuthi kwevidiyo akuyona.

Eqinisweni, semiotics akuyona isayensi lelula, njengoba kubonakala. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, ngisho izithombe sidla nokuqukethwe e eziningi ukuphrinta kanye netinsita letisebentisa gezi, njengoba yisakhiwo sodumo, Nokho, kumelwe lithathwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuze uzwisise uphawu, ngomqondo lapho kufanele sikwenze, njengoba umthetho, ubeke amazwana: ukwenza isignesha noma unyaweni.

Saxoxa umsebenzi semiotics njengoba isayensi njengoba ithuluzi ukuhlaziya umbhalo. Nokho, thina ngeke bangene imininingwane uqhubeke ngqo isihloko indaba yethu. Futhi sizoqala ihlathululo.

Kuyini izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo?

Ikhompyutha kubalulekile ukuba nezinhlamvu ezahlukene. Kubandakanya yisakhiwo sodumo. Lokhu, njengoba ungase ukuqagela, izithonjana kudeskithophu. Banezinhliziyo ukufana ngqo into okhethiwe. Mayelana futhi waqonda izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo yezilimi. Omunye izimfanelo ngoba uphawu enjalo iwukwenza ngokuvumelana yayo (ukufana) nge into okhethiwe. Ezimpilweni zethu, bajwayele ngempela ngenkuthalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uphawu umgwaqo usebenza, ekhombisa indawo yokuziphatha kwabo. Kodwa asizange uqale nge isibonelo ezivamile. Mhlawumbe osobala kakhulu isitatimende ukuthi zonke smilies nezimpawu ukuthi sisebenzisa, amazwana okuthile noma ukuveza umbono wakhe ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, futhi izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo.

Manje, ukuze omunye izingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kulesi sihloko. Kufanele bona abuye sokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalokhu izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo kanye nezimpawu. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi lokhu into efanayo, ngoba empeleni ngowokuqala sesibili. Nokho, kukhona ubuhlakani eside, kusho uhlamvu oluthile futhi uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo ngokwehlukile.

By the way, nje izibonelo zabantu abaseBhayibhelini yisakhiwo sodumo kanye nezimpawu ungabona ngezansi.

umehluko

Izinhlamvu sihluke izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo? Empeleni kukhona umehluko eliyisisekelo eyodwa kuphela. Cabanga ubunjalo okuthile, njenge-elementi zamakhemikhali. Kuyinto eyodwa noma ezimbili izinhlamvu (ethebuleni zamanje empeleni kukhona futhi incwadi emithathu) zamagama. Abanalo uxhumano ngqo athomu. Kubuka uphawu timphawu zamakhemikhali, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngaphandle kokuba oluqondile emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, i-electron ungaphakathi egobolondweni yangaphandle, noma kanjani uyakwazi ukwakha ubudlelwano kakhulu. Ngakho, uphawu kungaqondakala njengoba ikhodi othize, isihluthulelo elisemandleni izingqondo zethu. Futhi uma ungazi kahle hle ukuthi igama element kwamakhemikhali kufihlwe ngemuva ubuntu bakhe, akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ngakho, ukuhlaziya ezinye zezici zalo noma izakhiwo.

Indaba ehluke ngokuphelele elinezinhlamvu yisakhiwo sodumo. Ziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu kalula baqonde ukuthi lisengozini. Imfuneko kwanoma iyiphi iphethini enjalo liyabonakala, futhi ukufana ne into limelela. Kungenjalo, "Icon" is yokulahlekelwa izakhiwo layo eliyingqayizivele kuba uphawu. kakade Sinike isibonelo phawu esigabeni wangaphambilini, kodwa namanje Ake sihlole esinye zokuthola. Ngamunye wethu waphawula, kokuya ethoyilethi, izimpawu ze-legatsha owesilisa nowesifazane. Njengomthetho, benziwe ngendlela izibalo zamadoda nabesifazane. Ngababuka, siyaqonda ngaphandle kukuphi okwengeziwe engibathandayo lokhu noma ukuthi umnyango. Futhi lokho inzuzo enkulu kuba izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo.

Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma mayelana nodaba lokuhlukaniswa izindima. Phela, siphila "isandla" nabalingiswa, nezinhlamvu yisakhiwo sodumo.

Indima izimpawu kanye nezimpawu

Esigabeni langaphambilini, okuningi okuye kwabhalwa mayelana umehluko sixoxa imiqondo. izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo, izibonelo esesiye sacabangela ngenhla, kanye nezinhlamvu, yiba umsebenzi ebalulekile yolimi lwethu futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Nge kwemvume yakho, sizosebenzisa walezo zibonelo eholele kulokhu esigabeni sangaphambilini, ngoba uthole incazelo yokuthi izinto ezintsha.

Ngakho lapho wonke bayafana ngokomthetho ukusetshenziswa uphawu futhi uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo? Futhi kwezinye izimo it is selisho kangcono into ngandlela-thile? Kuyinto lilula, futhi cishe enembile. Ake sithi ube ethile ukwaziswa esikutlhogako ukutshala izimali zami kule uphawu olulandelayo. Nge indalo yayo, kumelwe sikuqonde, kuyoba Isiboniso yisakhiwo sodumo, noma izinto ongokomfanekiso. Yebo, isithonjana kulula ukuqonda futhi ngokushesha ukukhumbula, kodwa uphawu Ungabeka Imininingwane okuningi, kodwa ezidinga amaziyo ngaphambi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-notation zama-athomu ezakhi chemical okuvalelwe ndathane yokwaziswa: ukubona ifomula molecule singasho ngokushesha yakha isibalo izibopho athomu ngalinye, noma ukubala inani electron yayo. Konke lokhu kungenxa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ukwazi kwethu i-chemistry, okuyinto isinyathelo esimweni esithile njengendlela "isiqophi semithombo" ikhodi ongokomfanekiso e ingqondo yethu ifa.

Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, kukhona umbuzo esinengqondo: "? Kanjani futhi kuphi isicelo uhlobo oluthile notation njengoba iphathelene nomunye nokuthi ixhunyiwe" Ingxenye elandelayo izophendula ukukhuluma kanjani ukusebenzisa izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo yintatheli.

Njengoba lawa izintatheli?

Esigabeni ku semiotics siye sekuxoxiwe indima izinhlamvu ekwetfuleni ukhulumele ukwaziswa okuthile. Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ukuthi hlobo luni lwemininingwane kungenziwa ezikhishwe labo noma ezinye izinto semiotic ekucubunguleni umbhalo.

Kukhona into okuthiwa umbhalo creolized. Kuyinto iqoqo izimpawu semiotic, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene imiyalezo enjalo. Njengoba isibonelo, singacabangela, isibonelo, i-Isihloko esavela ephephabhukwini. Kuyinto samanje kanye ngamazwi ingxenye - isethulo ngomlomo nezibonakaliso yisakhiwo sodumo - yisakhiwo sodumo ingxenye.

imibhalo Creolized ihluke nomunye futhi ngingene izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Esokuqala impahla lapho izingxenye ezimbili ufake umbhalo ubuhlobo ulingana nomunye, kodwa ngamazwi ingxenye izimele futhi ngenkathi kususwa ke kusukela izakhi ezingokomfanekiso akaphelelwa iyiphi amaconsi umqondo. Ngakho, izinhlamvu yisakhiwo sodumo kanye nezimpawu ngesimo izithombe umphelelisi ingxenye ngomlomo isitatimende. Lo mbhalo uhlobo creolized ngokuvamile kakhulu kubonakala ticashunwa temaphephandzaba, izindaba izihloko kanye izihloko zesayensi kanye ethandwa. Eyesibili uhlobo, njengoba uqagele, luyinhlanganisela kwetheksthi izinhlobo ezimbili zokubika. Lapho isithombe sigcwalisa umbhalo, kukhona, singasho lo Synergy yalezi izingxenye (ie vzamnoe eqinisa nomthelela imiyalezo beqonda). Izibonelo nemibhalo enjengo, siqaphela nsuku zonke, ehlezi inthanethi noma uhamba ngomgwaqo; kungumnikelo isikhangiso. It kusisondeza isithombe, bese kuphela sifunda impahla kuyiphi sifunde konke esikudingayo ukuze bathenge umkhiqizo noma isevisi zimenyezelwe.

Ngokungangabazeki, journalism - emkhakheni main kwesicelo ingxoxo yethu izimpawu kanye nezimpawu. Kuyinto nge ukuthuthukiswa aso eqala ukuba bathuthukele ucwaningo emkhakheni semiotics. Kodwa ake sibheke le akunjalo eziwubala imifanekiso umkhakha isicelo kanye nezimpawu.

Njengoba lisetshenziswe computer science?

kakhulu Igama lalesi isayensi - computer science - uthi eduze uhlola ulwazi, izindlela yokudlulisela yayo kanye nombono. Ngo ubuchwepheshe, izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha umsebenzisi. Ngokwesibonelo, elula kunazo - izithonjana kudeskithophu yakho. Kwalona nje igama elithi - "imifanekiso" - wayebhekisela yokuthi zonke imifanekiso kwi-desktop yakho - yisakhiwo sodumo. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Bona udlulisa ulwazi kithina ngodaba lomhlaba nokutholakala sokuqukethwe kwento esiyihambayo uchofoze. Okungukuthi, kusho sizwisise singaminza ukulinda, uma sivula ilebula nge umqhele ethile yisakhiwo sodumo.

Ngokuvamile, amatshwayo wabantu amadala ukuze uthumele ulwazi kanye nedatha. Namuhla, amatshwayo lasendulo savela zibe izincwadi ngezilimi zomhlaba ahlukahlukene, kanye eyingqayizivele izilimi umshini izinhlelo lapho bonke ukuthengiselana kanye namakhodi bubhaliwe izimpawu ezifanele.

Ukuqonda, kulingisa isithonjana yintatheli. Kodwa unga inkambu enjalo ezithakazelisayo kwesicelo, futhi njengoba sathola, inkulumo ethi oyifunayo kungagcini journalism kanye computer science. Zisetshenziswa nezinye izindawo yezimpilo zethu.

izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo Cultural Studies

Cishe bakhona ontanga obaziyo, okungukuthi izifundo zamasiko kanye ngalokho ayekwenza. Lena indawo enkulu yolwazi (Omunye angase athi ngisho, isayensi), esehlanganise lonke isiko lesintu kusukela buqala. Eqinisweni, eziningi kangaka ezimpilweni zethu, thina esikukweleta le ngxenye yobuthina. Hhayi ukuthi sinawo isiko zokuphila emhlabeni nanini namatemu elikhulayo namuhla ngeke kwenzeke.

izifundo Cultural, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nayo ukutadisha nokubhala, imidwebo, izimpawu ukuthi abantu ashiye ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Yiqiniso, phakathi kwawo izithombe ezahlukene, futhi idwala imidwebo, futhi izincwadi nemibhalo yesandla. Futhi konke lokhu akunakubangelwa uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo. Abantu ezikhathini zasendulo babeba wabanika kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuba thina manje. Babekholelwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlamvu kungabangela umoya, engiyishoyo noma ukuphulukisa indoda. Kuze kube manje, sibona into yesikhathi esidlule: isibonelo, unodoli voodoo. Kukholakala ukuthi uma udala unodoli, efana umuntu othile, bese ibhoboze inaliti izingxenye ezithile ngakho, khona-ke umuntu wangempela ngeke ubuhlungu kulezo zindawo lapho voodoo inaliti izinti. Empeleni, konke lokhu - ukungaqondi uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo. Ngempela, ayinakho ukufana ngento ngokuphelele imaged futhi cishe akasoze has ezifanayo kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo - it is kuphela into, ngakho singakwazi lokuqonda ezinye isithombe real noma uthole ulwazi ngalokhu.

Manje futhi izifundo zamasiko konke zakhanya. Kodwa lokho indima esixoxe izinto ekuphileni kwansuku zonke? Kubathinta kanjani kithi? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo - ngawo kulesi sigaba esilandelayo.

Kungani-ke zonke?

Thina ngezinye izikhathi awuboni the izimpawu unamathisele ezinye izimfanelo ezenza zifane into imaged. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukucabangela: kodwa ingabe kulungile? Ingabe uphawu esibonisa into noma mkhuba, ngempela kukhona enifana ngakho into emhlabeni wonke, okuyinto wayehlose selisho? Akunakwenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukuhlobana. Yiqiniso, okufanayo global zinawo, kepha kukhona inokuthile efana ngakho: hhayi into emelelwa noma mkhuba akukhona uphawu, ngoba nje ngeke kudingeke. Esinye imininingwane okuyinto Ngithanda ukugxilisa - ukuwachaza ngale ndlela uhlamvu. Ithokheni esifanayo, sikwazi ukubona ngezindlela ezahlukene. Yiqiniso, izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo wadala unciphise ububanzi okuqonda futhi umuntu oqondile ngokuqondile inhlangano ephethe uphawu Kushiwoni uma kukhulunywa into. Kodwa kungekho impahla ulwazi ngendaba uphawu yisakhiwo sodumo, asikwazi sikubone. Lokhu kubuye enye yezinkinga kwesicelo kanye nokusabalalisa imifanekiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu abafundi ukuthola iphrofayela kwezilimi uhlobo umsebenzi, "faka uphawu ukuthi akuyona yisakhiwo sodumo." Akubalulekile ukuchaza indlela yokwenza imisebenzi enjalo. Ngempela, ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko saxoxa, yini umehluko phakathi izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo kanye nezimpawu.

isiphetho

Namuhla, sizungezwe ulwazi. Futhi ngamunye wethu ngosuku ubona lenqwaba izinhlamvu, futhi inani labo elikhula njalo. Kubalulekile ukuba ulahleke izinxushunxushu izimpawu ingcaca nokwandisa ulwazi lwabo wemithwalo elisizungezile. Phela, kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi kufihlwe ngemuva kwenye logo enhle.