Izinyosi: incazelo Izinyosi zohlobo, izici kanye nemikhiqizo ukufuywa

Zama-bee (Apoidea) kukhona omningi. Kuphela eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yeSoviet Union kukhona ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, of interest abantu ingenye kuphela zinhlobo - honey bee (Apis mellifera).

Lawo madoda akhethwa ukuyedlula zizalela izinambuzane nabantu babo kudala. Umphumela waba ukuvela inqwaba izinhlobo ezahlukene honeybees. Ngamunye wabo kungcono ukutshala endaweni ethile nge izimo zezulu ezifanele.

Nasi umlando: zohlobo sokuqala ngqa lezinyosi futhi izici zabo

Lapho kwazalelwa khona Hymenoptera kubhekwe eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Europe nase-Afrika. I Izindawo izinyosi kwezinye izingxenye abantu emhlabeni yimuphi umphumela cishe azange abe. Kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ezicini steel ezifana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, zezilwane nezimila. Ngenxa yokukhetha yokuziphendukela kwemvelo - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokwemvelo - kwakukhona abanye izinhlobo bakudala lezinyosi. abafuyi bezinyosi Modern ukubabiza izinhlanga. Iqembu ngalinye ezifana futhi wakhonza njengendlela yekucala ngokudala esiphezulu zinhlobo elikhiqizayo ezifuywayo. "Okunamathiselwe" ukuze kuleyo ndawo - yilokho ngokuyinhloko libhekene izinambuzane ezifana izinyosi. Breed, ukubuyekezwa zazo ezinhle kakhulu, ngokuvamile regionalized. Ezimweni eziningi, ngisho igama zinhlobo kwenzeka kusukela endaweni ngawo elisuselwa. Ihanjiswa, yimuphi umkhaya ifektri kungenzeka ulahlekelwe komkhiqizo.

Yini izinhlobo ezifuywa eRussia

Ezweni lethu, ukufuywa is uyabandakanyeka isikhathi eside. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, le zilwane 'abesifazane zokusebenza "ziyafuywa kwezidleke zezinyosi, kunezindlela eziningi. Nazi yathandwa kakhulu lezinyosi Russia:

• entabeni Caucasian;

• Kranjska;

• Buckfast;

• ZaseCarpathos;

• Ukrainian;

• asemaqeleni;

• Central Russian.

Abamele zonke lezi zinhlobo - a izinyosi beyithela khulu futhi kwande. Breed izinyosi ingahluka ngezizathu ezahlukene. Ukuze ukuthi kuyini, futhi sibheke esilandelayo.

Ngaziphi izizathu eyodwa zohlobo ungabahlukanisa kusuka kwamanye

Empeleni izinyosi izinambuzane okuthiwa Hymenoptera umndeni nge Udosi abukhali futhi isisu segolide embozwe imivimbo abamnyama. Kulokhu, omunye zohlobo kusuka kwenye ungabahlukanisa izici ezilandelayo:

• ubude lezi;

• nobukhulu;

• izici umbala;

• nobubi ukuthi;

• roylivosti;

• ukumelana nezifo.

Central bee Russian: incazelo jikelele

Lolu hlobo siyakhuthazeka eRussia yonke indawo. Kuyinto ethandwa kuhlanganise eSiberia. Wamyisa lapha 1792 kusukela Bashkiria uColonel NF Arshenevsky. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi izinyosi kancane kancane waqala ukuhlala kuyo yonke eSiberia. Kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule, ukubukeka Bashkir zinhlobo ayikashintshi. Srednerusskaya zohlobo izinyosi has izici ezilandelayo:

• lezi 5.9-6.4 mm;

• esikhulu kakhulu (usuku olulodwa bee ukala mayelana 110 g);

• umbala omnyama - kusukela abansundu grey ezijulile, ngaphandle yellowing;

• Ukusabela okusheshayo ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle kanye nobubi ukuthi;

• propensity ukuphithizela;

• ukumelana nezifo nokukhuthazela.

Izinzuzo Central izinyosi Russian

Kuze kube manje, lokhu zohlobo ubhekwa ezweni lakithi ukuyedlula. Ukuze indiza Central Russian bee kungaletha omningi uju. Ukuthi lokhu zohlobo, isibonelo, ungumnikazi iqoqo irekhodi ne fireweed - 328 kg ngonyaka omkhaya.

Ikhono nabuhlungu uthumele bezobletny basebusika esiyizinyanga 7-8 - enye inzuzo esihlukanisa lezi izinyosi. Breed izinyosi, njengoba sekushiwo, ku uthuthe yabo thukela. Ukuze eRussia emaphakathi akunjalo. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile ukuthi ungasabalalisa phezu izindawo ezinkulu ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu.

Ngeshwa, namuhla Central Russian bee abafuyi bezinyosi balalela kakhulu. Futhi luyize. Lokhu empeleni zohlobo engcono lezinyosi ensimini ka-Russia. ephumelela ngayo nokukhuthala kwayo okusezingeni eliphezulu, amasosha omzimba nezifo, ukukhuthazela - konke okuyizinto zingenza kwezidleke zezinyosi kungaphezu engabizi kuka eningizimu zizalela nezinhlobonhlobo.

asemaqeleni Ukraine: incazelo

Kanjani ncamashi benza lokhu zohlobo namanje akwaziwa muntu. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi Ukrainian asemaqeleni izinyosi - kungcono nje igatsha oseningizimu Central. Abanye basikisela ukuthi eyisihlobo Carpathians noma Kranjska. Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo, asemaqeleni Ukraine kuhlukile kunoma iyiphi enye zinhlobo lezinyosi kokubili ababukeka ukuziphatha izici kalula bodwa kuyinto Ukuvezwa ehlukile. Okwenziwa ngo-1929, ososayensi A. S. Skorikovym.

The main izici oluhlukanisa asemaqeleni Ukraine yilezi:

• lezi 6.34-6.64 cm ubude;

• isisindo kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu (105 g);

• grey umbala ngaphandle yellowing;

• hhayi ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu yokushinga neyobubi ukuthi;

• propensity ongaphakeme ukuphithizela;

• ukumelana izifo kanye nokubekezelelana okushisa aphansi.

Emihle nemibi Ukrainian asemaqeleni izinyosi

Izinzuzo lokhu zohlobo, ngaphezu ukukhuthazela, zihlanganisa umkhiqizo eliphezulu futhi umsebenzi ukuze kuvikeleke izidleke zabo kusuka ukweba uju nezinye izinambuzane. Nenzalo, elula yokuphuma isimo predroevogo, ukuthambekela silondoloze ekahle isidleke of msulwa - okuhlukile Ukrainian asemaqeleni izinyosi. Breed izinyosi izimo uju ukugeleza ukuhlukanisa futhi. asemaqeleni Ukraine kulesi sici kunabayeni ezinye zezinhlanzi. Phakathi bokwenza kwakhona ngokuyinhloko ukuthi ikwazi ukuqoqa umpe kusuka izitshalo kuphela nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu ushukela (18%).

bee ZaseCarpathos: izimpawu zohlobo

Lolu hlobo libuye libhekene lonke iqoqo izici kwezomnotho kanye yemvelo. I ngesifundo esihleliwe waqala 1966 ngaphansi isinyathelo UProfesa selhozakademii kubo. Timiryazeva GA Avtisyana. Libhekene zohlobo ZaseCarpathos lezinyosi ezilandelayo izici eziyinhloko:

• eside kakhulu lezi 6.3-7 m;

• Usayizi enkulu (kufika ku 110 g);

• grey esiswini;

• nokuthula;

• hhayi propensity eliphezulu kakhulu ukuphithizela;

• Ukumelana isihlobo nezifo insensitivity okushisa aphansi.

izinyosi ZaseCarpathos e ngaphambili kunamanye izinhlobo, yobudala baqala ukuqoqa umpe. Uju, lezi zinambuzane ukuphrinta "ezomile" indlela.

Esikhathini esithile esidlule, abafuyi bezinyosi abalimi ekhethekile ukuzalela uhlobo bee ZaseCarpathos u ezifuywa - eMoscow. izilwane Isisindo ngosuku leli qembu ongafinyelela 120 g Umbala zohlobo izinyosi eMoscow has a silvery elikhanyayo.

Ngebuhle nebubi zohlobo ZaseCarpathos

Izinzuzo izinyosi abahlala elaliphansi kwamagquma Carpathians, zihlanganisa umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukukhuthazela uhlamvu elinokuthula. Ngokungafani nabanye abaningi, lokhu zohlobo uyakwazi ukuqoqa semali uju, ngisho ne izitshalo ngokuqukethwe ongaphakeme ushukela. I yokuntula lokhu bee ukuthambekela ukweba, kwehle ukukhiqizwa propolis kanye sengqondo qakala leli bhu wax. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa umkhiqizo ephakeme, ZaseCarpathos kanye eMoscow - yathandwa kakhulu lezinyosi eRussia.

Kranjska bee

Leli nezilwane yasehlanzeni Alps. Kungaleso wakhe kamuva waya bee ZaseCarpathos. Esimweni sezulu yethu lokhu zohlobo kuyinto kwemiphumela ethile eyisiSekelo Inani kwezomnotho. Timphawu eziyisisekelo ehlukile yilezi:

• hhayi lezi isikhathi eside kakhulu (6.9 mm);

• isisindo kahle esikhulu (110 g);

• ezimpunga sheen esiliva, umbala omnyama noma sinombala esiswini;

• uhlamvu obunokuthula;

• propensity kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuphithizela;

• hardiness ebusika kanye ukumelana nezifo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, la maponi libhekene wezokuthuthukisa entwasahlobo. Izinyosi umpe abangakwenza endaweni engamamitha 1500 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

Izinzuzo nezingozi Kranjska bee

Izinzuzo lokhu zohlobo phakathi umsebenzi phezulu uju iqoqo eqinile, ikhono ushintshele ngokushesha kusukela okubi kakhulu ukuba izitshalo engcono ukuthi ingashintshwa ukuze ezinzima sezulu izimo, ukusetshenziswa ukonga sokudla ebusika. I ethile eyinhloko ZaseCarpathos zohlobo propensity ngaphandle ukuze ziswebezele kubhekwa Ukuvikelwa ezibuthakathaka izidleke kusuka ukweba.

Izici ukuzalela Buckfast

Breed lezinyosi, incazelo enganikwa ngenhla, kungaba cultured cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe. Buckfast - uhlobo elikhiqizayo, kodwa hhayi abandayo ukumelana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, endawni ayinhloko kuphela sezulu eningizimu. Yethulwe lokhu hybrid kwaba ngo 20s of elidlule leminyaka-monk Carl Kerhle bewela Italian, Anatolia, exhumanisa i Macedonian, izinhlobo waseGibhithe nesiGreki. The main izici esisihlukanisayo we bee Buckfast yilezi:

• lezi obuphelele phakathi;

• isisindo esindayo (115 g);

• iyunifomu umbala ophuzi onsundu;

• ukuthula;

• propensity isilinganiso ukuphithizela;

• ukumelana nezifo (ikakhulukazi ukuba akarapidozom) nokuzwela okushisa aphansi.

Izinyosi lokhu zohlobo bahlanza kahle zonke amatshe kanye isifuba ingandiza ngenjongo yokuthola isifumbathiso olude.

Izinzuzo Ububi

Kuzo zonke zohlobo Western Europe of bee Buckfast kuyinto ukuyedlula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinyosi ezahlukene fecundity nokuzivumelanisa nezimo eliphezulu ukuze ezishintshashintshayo zendawo eziphila kuyo. I yokuntula zihlanganisa degree ngokuyinhloko eliphansi hardiness. Lapho yokuzalanisa ezisenyakatho eRussia zidleke zezinyosi lezinyosi kufanele lizwakale linemfudumalo.

Intaba bee Caucasian: izici eyinhloko

Yini zohlobo izinyosi ezifuywa eningizimu ezweni lethu okwamanje? entabeni Caucasian uhlala ikakhulukazi ezintabeni Armenia, Georgia ne-Azerbaijan. Ezweni lethu, kube buhlanjululwe ku Krasnodar futhi laseStavropol Territory. Izici zako esisihlukanisayo zimi kanje:

• lezi 6.7-7.25 mm;

• hhayi umzimba mass kakhulu (90 g);

• umbala esiliva-grey kungekho ophuzi chitin inclusions;

• propensity encane ukuphithizela;

• hhayi ukumelana kakhulu izifo, insensitivity ngenyanga.

Izinyosi lokhu zohlobo ungathandi dampness. Ngakho-ke, isifuba okudingekayo ukuze uhlele komoya okuhle. Ngenkathi ezibandayo, lolu hlobo izinyosi ingagcinwa hhayi kuphela imigwaqo ebusika, kodwa futhi ngaphandle.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi of gray zohlobo Caucasian

Izinzuzo lolu hlobo izinyosi kwasekuqaleni yikhono ukuqoqa semali uju, ngisho ne izitshalo aqukethe ushukela kancane. Kwesisindo esidlekeni lingafika ku-1.5 kg ngosuku. Futhi plus Gray Caucasian zohlobo kubhekwa namandla ezinhle imikhaya ukuvikela izidleke kanye isivuno eliphezulu propolis.

I yokuntula kwalesi silwane izinyosi ezihlobene ngokuyinhloko hhayi ukumelana ezinhle kakhulu isifo. Kulabo in the isifuba ka bee amakoloni kufanele kube ukudala izimo ukhululekile kakhulu. Kuqhathaniswa asemaqeleni Ukraine futhi eRussia emaphakathi, lokhu zohlobo awukwazi ukumelana kakhulu okushisa aphansi. Yingakho-ke kufanelekile okungenani for zizalela kuphela ezindaweni eseningizimu yezwe. Futhi, lezi izinyosi iphelelwa nezinye izinhlobo eziningana uju ngokuya okuphumayo ukufunjathiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ukufuywa

Inzuzo enkulu zonke izinhlobo achazwe ngenhla Yiqiniso, umkhiqizo aphezulu. Asho ukuthini leli gama? Imikhiqizo eziyinhloko honey bee, emakhilayoni kanye propolis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinambuzane zikhiqizelwa ku apiaries ukuze bathole jelly royal eyigugu kakhulu, impova bee Isihlungu.

izakhiwo uju

Umkhiqizo main of ukufuywa has impela eziyinkimbinkimbi amakhemikhali ukwakheka. Uju okwelapha, amagciwane kanye izakhiwo wezokudla. izici zayo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi: zohlobo izinyosi, nezitshalo ngokunganaki, izimo zezulu, njll Kuye zinyosi ungaba okuqukethwe amanzi ezahlukene, amakhemikhali ukwakheka, umbala, degree of crystallization, njll .....

Izinhlobo lo mkhiqizo, zikhona eziningana:

• uketshezi kakhulu (clover, somunga);

• okusamanzi (nokunye okufana nokolweni, lime);

• ewugqinsi (dandelion);

• ingcina (uju);

• jelly (Ibhali).

Uju isetshenziswa ukudla, izimonyo nemithi. It is lisetshenziswe amakhekhe namakhekhe, enziwe ukusebenzisa kwayo anti-ukuguga okhilimu, si futhi amashampu. Kwezokwelapha, lo mkhiqizo ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa siqinisa namasosha omzimba futhi ejenti eqeda ukuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uju ubuye-antibiotic engokwemvelo.

Inani ngengcina yezinyosi

Lo mkhiqizo esidlekeni wenza imisebenzi emibili: ukuvikela izinyosi kusuka umswakama sibasize igobolondo yabo chitin, futhi ukhonza njengephayona impahla yokwakha amaseli. Njengoju lwezinyosi, izinyosi wax kungase kudingeke lowehlukile kanye nokusungulwa. Sebenzisa lo mkhiqizo ezibalulekile ezindaweni eziningi umnotho: embonini lesikhumba, umkhakha ukukhanya, ukudla, ngisho yokusansimbi kanye umkhakha izindiza. Enye yezindawo eziyinhloko kwesicelo ingumuthi. Wax esetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo zesikhumba, njengoba isilonda ukuphulukisa kanye ejenti eqeda ukuvuvukala.

Kuyini propolis?

Lona omunye umkhiqizo etholwe phezu dilution izinambuzane ezifana izinyosi. Breed izinyosi kunezibhamu eziningi, futhi zonke ukukhiqiza propolis ewusizo. Iqondiswe ingcina njengamaphayona akhethekile simnyama ngombala. Izinyosi ukuyisebenzisa bonyana batshidze imifantu esidlekeni. Umbala futhi iphunga efana ngokuyinhloko ixhomeke ekutheni onjani izitshalo uju sikhule iseduze kwezidleke zezinyosi. Propolis kungaba brown noma black. Zonke izinhlobo izakhi - amavithamini, amino acid kanye izakhi trace - lo mkhiqizo iqukethe omningi.

I kabanzi kunazo bee glue ezitholakala imithi. Ngosizo uswidi yayo eczema nezinye izifo zesikhumba, kolwelwesi, isilonda peptic, nesifo futhi t. D.

jelly royal

Cishe lena yiyona umkhiqizo oluyigugu kakhulu ukufuywa. Ubisi esetshenziselwa ukusuthisa izinambuzane lesizalo izibungu kuzo zonke izigaba yentuthuko. Kuyinto ivuselela enamandla kakhulu begazi, ehlanganisa inqwaba izingxenye. Ukuvumelana jelly sifana ukhilimu omuncu futhi uba nombala omhlophe.

Lokhu imikhiqizo bee ziwusizo ikakhulu yokuthi ikwazi kakhulu ukwandisa amasosha omzimba umuntu. Ubisi futhi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo isimiso sezinzwa, ukungazali nokuvusa induku, ukuzinza ingcindezi, ukwehlisa ushukela egazini, njalo njalo. D.

Impova kanye bee Isihlungu

Ngokuthi ambrosia impova, izinambuzane eqoqwe esitolo ebusika. Ukunambitha lo mkhiqizo sifana rye isinkwa. Ngo perge njengoba propolis, iqukethe esiningi amino acid, amavithamini namaminerali. Futhi inhlabamkhosi konke at 100%. Le ndawo eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa impova kukhona imithi futhi Cosmetology.

Bee Isihlungu bengumsebenzi elikhethekile secretory emzimbeni wesinambuzane. Kuyinto ecacile, uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle ne iphunga kunalokho emnandi. Ukwakheka kwalo chemical bengayiqondi ngokugcwele kuze kube manje. Kukholakala ukuthi sibulala abantu bangase babe 500 ukulunywa yizinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izinto eziningi ezincane njengoba bee Isihlungu ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eqeda ukuvuvukala futhi imithi elwa nawo.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Bee zilwane, ezifuywa eRussia, kunezindlela eziningi. Iningi lazo zinezikhathi ukhiqizwe kakhulu. Ngokuzalanisa Central isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian, grey izinyosi entabeni kanye nezinye izinhlobo okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla kungaba ibhizinisi inzuzo ngempela, ngokuletha inkosi yayo imali enhle, kanye nomnotho - nezinzuzo ezingokoqobo.