KumiswaIsayensi

Abesifazane Omkhulu ososayensi kanye abakutholile. isithombe

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, umbono wezwe kwaba ukuthi ubulili besifazane kanye nesayensi - akuhambisani. Nokho, abacwaningi zesifazane, isandla ekuthuthukisweni womuntu kuzo zonke izigaba umlando, inselelo ukucwaswa ezinjalo.

Abesifazane ososayensi zezwe lasendulo

Ngisho nalapho impucuko e nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo ekuqaleni, wobulili bubuhle ezimweni ezingajwayelekile unikezwa ithuba lokwenza isayensi. Ososayensi abaningi besifazane wayehlala ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, naphezu ngebulili esiqinile abusa khona.

Omele edume kunazo imvelo ososayensi Hypatia, owayehlala ezweni ekupheleni IV - ekuqaleni V leminyaka BC. e. Yayiyindodakazi usosayensi odumile Teona Aleksandriyskogo, ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka ukufinyelela emfundweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayesifundisa e Alexandria izifundo ezifana ngefilosofi, izibalo nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, okuyinto utlole amaphepha isayensi. Hypatia wayebuye womqalisi: ezidalwe kumadivayisi ezifana isayensi, njengalokho ziphuzo zazihluzwa, le ibanga eliphakathi kwezinto ezisemkhathini futhi hydrometer.

ososayensi sidilizwa besifazane abahlala kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi yethu ifinyelele mayelana Maria Profetisse, owaphila BC mina leminyaka. e. eJerusalema. Catching alchemy, elandela isibonelo ososayensi kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, uye negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali yesimanje. Ukuthi fanele okusungulile ketshezi bafudumale system phezu okugeza umusi kanye lokuqala uguqule we namanje.

Izinto eziye zatholwa ososayensi besifazane

Naphezu kwemingcele ebekwe ezinzima ukufinyelela ulwazi, wobulili bubuhle aqhubeka ukusebenza azenza. imiqondo eminingi yesayensi, amagama, kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene ukuthi sisebenzisa ezweni lanamuhla, esunguliwe ososayensi besifazane.

Ngakho, izinyathelo kuqala izinhlelo, it is owned by intokazi. Lady Augusta Ada Byron (1815-1851 g), indodakazi imbongi edumile, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-17 yasungulwa izinhlelo ezintathu ukuthi khombisa amakhono kohlaziyo lwamakhompyutha. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala uhlelo. It lethiwa elinye Ada izinhlelo, ngaphezu, abameleli iholide zochwepheshe mkhakha ukuthi iyona lokuzalwa lokhu ehlakaniphile ngokungavamile - ku 10 Disemba.

Kucoca ngesihloko "Abesifazane ososayensi lokuqala," ingasaphathwa omele eliqhakazile isikhathi sakhe Marii Kyuri (1867-1934 GG.). Lona wesifazane wokuqala uMklomelo KaNobel kabili, futhi usosayensi kuphela emhlabeni ukulithola ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene. Yena nomyeni wakhe , Pierre Curie, nge ababezele hhayi kuphela umndeni, kodwa futhi union yokudala, olubonisa ukuthi leli chemical isici polonium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungowabo kokutholakala imisebe, zona wathola umklomelo eliphakeme emkhakheni physics. Le miklomelo elandelayo kakade Chemistry, uMariya Kyuri wathola yena ngemva kokufa komyeni wakhe, siqhuba umsebenzi onzima futhi sigqamisa Radium okumsulwa.

Lokho it fanele kuze umqondo ukuyisebenzisa imithi ukwelapha izibazi kanye izimila ahlukahlukene. Lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, yena kuqala wadala imishini-X-ray ukuthi bangaqhubeka. Yokudumisa ambalwa kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi chemical isici Ci, kanye yokukala ye-radioactivity Curie.

Uhlu abesifazane enkulu

Hedy LaMarr (1913-2000) - The omunye nabesifazane abahle kakhulu Hollywood, ngesikhathi esifanayo sibe sinezinto i Wit undoubted lokucabanga nelokusungula. Ukuba owashada ngokumelene nentando yabo ngoba Fritz uMandla, owayehlangene ibhizinisi isikhali yena, wabaleka naye Melika, lapho aqala khona inkonzo njengomdlali waseshashalazini. Phakathi nempi, yena ubonisa isithakazelo torpedoes umsakazo elawulwa futhi banikeza usizo yayo ekuthuthukiseni uMkhandlu kaZwelonke abaqambi. Sikhishwe isimo sengqondo ubulili besifazane, izikhulu babengafuni ukubhekana naso. Nokho, ngenxa ukuthandwa actress, abakwazanga yena nje ithawula. Ngakho-ke, ebuzwa abazosiza iBhodi, ithengiswe omningi izibopho. Hedy ukukhalipha kwamsiza ukuqoqa ezingaphezu kuka 17 million. Lumenyezelwe ukuthi ubani abathenge izibopho e isamba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 25,000, etholakele wakhe ngokwanga. Ngo-1942 yena, kanye umqambi George Antheil, owasungula le imfundiso yokuziphendukela jumping eziphakeme. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso wayengazange baziswa, kodwa isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke namuhla: omakhalekhukhwini, i-Wi-Fi 802.11 GPS.

UBarbara kaMcClintock (1902-1992) - Usosayensi omkhulu, eyaqala ukutholwa ukuhamba lokhu ngezakhi ezingamaqoqo. It wayengadlali okunguyena owokuqala owachaza lesi-chromosome indandatho, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi kuphela kamuva zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo. Yabo kumfanele uMklomelo KaNobel uBarbara wathola iminyaka engu-30 kuphela kamuva, lapho ngineminyaka engu-ngineminyaka engu-81. Ngesikhathi owesifazane osekhulile - usosayensi odumile osekela - wakhuluma ngocwaningo lwabo kanye nokutholakele emhlabeni wonke.

ososayensi besifazane Russian

Ukuthuthukiswa isayensi eRussia futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ngaphandle kwabesifazane abangakaze babamba iqhaza elikhulu kuso.

Ermoleva UZinaida Vissarionovna (1898-1974) - I samagciwane ovelele futhi Uchwepheshe wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. It wayengadlali owadala antibiotic - izidakamizwa, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukucabanga imithi yesimanje. Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa ukuze senze ukutholakala kwalo ngokwesayensi, intombazane eneminyaka engu-24 ubudala itheleleke ngokwayo isifo esibulalayo - nekholera. Ukwazi ukuthi uma ungakwazi ukuthola ikhambi, ezinsukwini zayo zibaliwe, kusenzima ukwazi lokuzelapha. Esikhathini eside kamuva, iminyaka engu-20 kamuva, ngesikhathi sempi, lokhu vele nowesifazane oseqinile, usosayensi omkhulu, ilondolozwe kusuka umqedazwe ikholera ovinjezelwe kwaseStalingrad. Sishoshovu Order of Lenin, futhi kamuva Stalin Prize, wafaka yonke ukucabangela etholwe izindiza. Ngokushesha, isibhakabhaka isivele flying walilwela abathwala igama lalona wesifazane emangalisayo.

Negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni anatomy wenza Adamovna Krausskaya Anna (1854-1941 idolobha). Wazamukela lezi isihloko Uprofesa ngaphandle sivikele mqondo futhi waba ngowesifazane wokuqala e-Russia ukuba ukhishwa lokhu isimo zokuhlonipha ngokwesayensi.

Akukho mnikelo zincane isayensi ezenziwe futhi Kovalevskaya Sofya Vasilevna (1850-1891) - I sezibalo Russian futhi unjiniyela.

Wenzile okuningi ngalezi amagatsha yesayensi, kodwa ucwaningo ukutholakala ezibaluleke kakhulu kubhekwa ukujikeleza ophezulu esindayo quin. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi Sofya bekayikosikazi kuphela ngesikhathi, waba uprofesa wezibalo ephakeme eNyakatho Yurophu. Ngokwesibonelo Personal, lona wesifazane Russian ohlakaniphile lifundisa ukuthi impumelelo kanye nolwazi akuxhomekile ubulili.

Ososayensi izintokazi ezivela emhlabeni wonke

Cishe wonke amazwe ungakwazi ukuziqhayisa abesifazane kakhulu, ngenxa okuyinto kuye kwaba nezinguquko enkulu kwezesayensi.

Phakathi ubulili fair, lapho umhlaba wonke uyazi, igama umsindo uRaheli Luiz Karson (1907-1964), isazi sezinto eziphilayo, ukusebenza eduze ezindabeni zemvelo. Ngo-1962, lona wesifazane oseqinile kakade, usosayensi omkhulu, iye yasungula uhlelo indaba imiphumela zinambuzane kwezolimo, okuyinto eye yavusa emhlabeni yesayensi. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Impi Ungathuli" okwaholela ukuhlaselwa abanolaka yi abakhiqizi chemical abachitha imali eningi ku kokuyenga uRaheli. It is leli bhuku isibe Umfutho ukudalwa eziningi lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela ukunyakaza social imvelo.

Charlotte Gilman (1860-1935) - I co-umsunguli yizinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abesifazane emhlabeni. Ngenxa ithalente lakhe esivelele umbhali wakwazi ukuba adonsele ukunakekela umphakathi kwindawo zokucindezelwa abesifazane.

cwaningo elingabonwa lososayensi abesifazane

umbono womphakathi kakhulu dlelesela ihaba indima yabesifazane. ososayensi Ucwaningo izintokazi ngesikhathi esifanayo wayengahlosile ayeke Nokho, futhi endleleni zabo izithiyo eziningi. Ikakhulukazi, ukulungiswa izihloko zesayensi, Ngokungafani nabo besilisa, wabanika lula.

Ucwaningo URosalind Franklin (1920-1958 g) ekuhloleni DNA iye yaphumelela kakhulu, kepha ngingenalo kwaziwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi omunye wabasunguli kwezikhali zenuzi kwaba wobulili bubuhle - Liza Meytner (1878-1968 g). It yahlukana nucleus uranium futhi waphetha ngokuthi ukusabela chain ukuthi zingakwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhululwa omkhulu wamandla.

Ikhono ukudala Isikhali esinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni iye yabangela impendulo omkhulu emphakathini. Nokho, iPacific ayeqiniseka ngayo, Lisa wayeka ucwaningo enqaba ukwenza ibhomu. Umphumela waba ukuthi imibhalo yakhe awaboniwe, kanye Prize kaNobel esikhundleni ithole uzakwabo Otto Hahn.

Ukuvula ososayensi besifazane

Kunzima overestimate iminikelo eyenziwa ososayensi besifazane ekuthuthukiseni isayensi emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi impande eziningi zezinkolelo-mbono namuhla zazikhona ncamashi wobulili bubuhle, amagama avame hhayi eyomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalezi impumelelo, abesifazane basonta okutholakele ezifana:

  • Inkanyezi enomsila lokuqala - Maria Mitchell (1847);
  • lwemisuka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo umuntu inkawu - Dzheyn Gudoll (1964);
  • periscope - Sarah Meter (1845);
  • silencer for imoto - El Dolores Dzhons (1917);
  • Umshini wokuwasha izitsha - Geris uJosephine Cochrane (1914);
  • umqondisi ukupela - Betti Grem (1956), kanye nabanye abaningi.

Iqhaza isayensi emhlabeni

Engacabangeki ukuba isayensi kanye nentuthuko yayo ye crazier wobulili bubuhle, abaletha ke kuzo zonke izigaba nokuthuthuka komuntu. Abesifazane ososayensi emhlabeni ziye zaba nomthelela izimboni ezifana:

  • physics;
  • amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo;
  • imithi;
  • ifilosofi;
  • izincwadi.

Nokho, Ngeshwa, siye ayithole hhayi amagama zonke abagada wasebenza ukuze kuzuze isintu, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi umsebenzi wazo yinhlonipho.

Indlela ososayensi besifazane ezweni lanamuhla

Ngenxa ubulili bubuhle, abaphinelela kubonakaliswa kulungile yayo bahlanganyele isayensi, umphakathi wanamuhla ekugcineni wavuma nokulingana kobulili. Namuhla, nabesilisa nabesifazane ekuqhubekeni ukusebenza ukuthuthukiswa lwesintu. Thola degree noma umklomelo abesifazane ayisekho kubonakala into engenakwenzeka, kodwa indlela eya nesihlobo ezinjalo ziye zaba ziningi futhi zaba nzima.

owesifazane Cleverest kwekhulu XX

Okuphawulekayo abesifazane ososayensi abasebenza esikhathini sethu.

Shtern ULina Solomonovna, samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo futhi physiologist, kwaba khona owesifazane wokuqala wamukelwe Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Skorohodova Olga Ivanovna - a nowesifazane oseqinile, usosayensi omkhulu. Indatshana mayelana izici Deafblind namanje ekhonjiwe emibuthanweni ngokwesayensi. A Umeluleki onekhono, kuphela abayizithulu ukuthulisa owesifazane usosayensi emhlabeni.

Dobiash-Christmas Olga Antonovna mlando Russian futhi ngempela namaSoviet futhi umbhali, yaba ilungu ohambelana we-Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Ladygina-Côtes Nadezhda - usosayensi zoopsychologists lokuqala eRussia.

Pavlová uMariya Vasilevna, owokuqala usosayensi-Isazi.

Glagoleva-Arkadieva Alexandra Andreevna oyisazi. Le ntokazi lithole udumo emhlabeni wonke futhi iziqu zobudokotela zomthetho-physical sciences ne zezibalo.

Lebedeva Olga Sergeevna, umhumushi sezilimi, ngubani wasungula Society of Oriental Studies, usihlalo zokuhlonipha okwakunzima esikhathini esizayo.

Nokho Lermontov Julia Vsevolodovna ngokugcwele waphila ngokuvumelana negama layo ezidumile, endaweni ehlukile. Wayengumngane usokhemisi lokuqala zesifazane, ukhishwa degree of Doctor of Science.

Klado Tatiana Nikolaevna - owesifazane lokuqala aerologist kokubili eRussia futhi emhlabeni.

Ukuba ngowokuqala ensimini, abonisa isibonelo esihle kwabaningi. Laba besifazane othambekele uyaziqhenya njengoba babevelaphi nokuthi izwe isayensi, wakujabulela sithokozela umnikelo abazenze.

isiphetho

Naphezu kobunzima, ososayensi besifazane kanzima ukuba zizibonakalise yabo ukulingana. A ukunyakaza intuthuko ukuthi iye yasiza, kunzima overestimate. Lezi owesifazane cleverest immortalized amagama abo endaweni evulekile ngokuphelele, ekubeni isibonelo amandla nesibindi.

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