Imithombo yemvelo hydrocarbon: izici jikelele kanye nokusetshenziswa

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi hydrocarbon zemvelo okwandile. izinto kakhulu organic ethathwe emithonjeni yemvelo. Phakathi kwezici organic compounds njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa isetshenziswa amagesi yemvelo kanye esihambisana naleli bhokisi, amalahle, lignite, uwoyela oluthambile, Peat, imikhiqizo izilwane imvelaphi zemifino.

imithombo yemvelo hydrocarbon: amagesi zemvelo.

amagesi Yemvelo - ingxube engokwemvelo hydrocarbon isakhiwo ahlukahlukene futhi abanye amagesi amanyela (kuyi-hydrogen sulfide, i-hydrogen, carbon dioxide) eligcwele idwala edwaleni uqweqwe eMhlabeni. Lezi zinto zehlela akhiwa hydrolysis we izinto eziphilayo ekujuleni okukhulu ukushuba Earth. Bona kwenzeke esimweni khulula ngesimo amaqoqo omkhulu - igesi, igesi condensate kanye uwoyela negesi Amasimu.

The main ingxenye isakhi ezivuthayo igesi yemvelo CH4 (i-methane - 98%), C2H6 (ethane - 4,5%), propane (1.7% S3N8-), i-butane (C4H10 - 0.8%), pentane (0 S5N12- , 6%). Related petroleum gas kufakwe Ukwakheka amafutha isimo ziyoncibilika ukhululeka ke ngenxa ingcindezi ukunciphisa ngesikhathi oqeda uwoyela kwamanzi. Ngo igesi namafutha Amasimu ithani elilodwa lamafutha liba 30 300 sq. m igesi. imithombo yemvelo hydrocarbon - fuel indaba eyigugu nokuyenza izinto zokusetshenziswa for organic zamagama umkhakha. Negesi ihlinzekwa igesi ukucutshungulwa izitshalo, lapho kabusha (uwoyela, ongaphakeme-lokushisa adsorption, ukufingqa, kanye nokulungisa). It ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ahlukene, ngalinye elikwazi isetshenziselwa ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-methane ekhiqizwa e-hydrogen, zamagama igesi, okuyizinto eziyisisekelo impahla eluhlaza ngokukhiqiza nezinye hydrocarbon, acetylene, methanol, methanal, chloroform.

imithombo yemvelo hydrocarbon: uwoyela.

Oil - ingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi, esakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo ka naphthenic, paraffinic hydrocarbon elimnandi. Ukwakheka uwoyela yakhiwa asphalt-anenhlaka izinto, naphthenic acid, mono- futhi disulfides, mercaptans, thiophene, thiophane, hydrogen sulfide piperidine, pyridine futhi homologs yayo, kanye nezinye izinto. Kususelwa imikhiqizo yamafutha ukucwebisa ngosizo Petrochemical izindlela zamagama etholwe imikhiqizo kuka 3000 ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ethylene, benzene, propylene, ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride, styrene, ethanol, isopropanol, butylene, epulasitikini ahlukahlukene, nezindwangu zokwenziwa, udayi, insipho nomjuluko izidakamizwa, iziqhumane, njll

imithombo yemvelo hydrocarbon Peat.

Peat - ezike umsuka zemifino. Lokhu kwaziswa yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo uphethiloli (ikakhulukazi izitshalo amandla), izinto chemical eluhlaza (for the synthesis izinto eziningi eziphilayo), udoti uyakulondoloza emapulazini ikakhulukazi yenkukhu, umanyolo ingxenye for isivande ukusikwa.

imithombo yemvelo hydrocarbon: xylem noma ukhuni.

Xylem - izicubu izitshalo ephakeme, lapho izakhi amanzi futhi wavala zivela izimpande namaqabunga uhlelo, kanye nezinye izitho zalesi sihlahla. Siqukethe igobolondo esintamo amangqamuzana abe semithambo introducer uhlelo. Kuye ohlotsheni lwemithi iqukethe amanani angalingani pectin izinto futhi compounds amaminerali (ikakhulukazi calcium nosawoti), lipids kanye amafutha abalulekile. Izinkuni esetshenziswa njengendlela fuel, kungashiwo umqondo kusuka methyl utshwala, atsetantnuyu acid, i-cellulose, kanye nezinye izinto. Ezinye izinhlobo izinkuni ukunikeza udayi (e-sandalwood, logwood), tannins (se-okhi *), inhlaka balsams (umsedari, uphayini, fir), alkaloids (izitshalo we Solanaceae umndeni, poppy, Ranunculaceae, Umbelliferae). Ezinye alkaloids asetshenziswa njengoba izidakamizwa (chitin, i-caffeine), imithi ebulala ukhula (anabasine), zinambuzane (i-nicotine).