Ubuciko kanye EzokuzijabulisaYaseshashalazini

Alexandrinsky Theatre: umlando, isithombe, ukubuyekezwa

Omunye omdala eRussia, owokuqala State Theatre Alexandrinsky njalo okunabileko umphakathi kanye ukulalelisisa of a baxgeki. Kuye i-akhawunti ekhethekile: kufanele sihambisana ezinegunya we-Imperial Theatre, futhi sha ngayo udumo zimelele iminyaka engaphezu kuka-250.

isizukulwane

indodakazi ka-Peter wokubusa Omkhulu Elizabeth eziphawuleka unentshiseko Impucuko eRussia. Ikakhulukazi, lapho ikhombisa ukukhula okusheshayo zamehlo umkhakha, wadala eningi amatiyetha yangasese, kwenzekani ukuvakasha qembu abadlali angaphandle, ababhali bemidlalo wabhala kudlala lokuqala ngesiRashiya. Omunye uthola isidingo futhi ukudalwa Theatre State isibonelo kwezinye izihloko European. Futhi Agasti 30, ngo-1756 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna isikhipha umyalo liqine yaseshashalazini lokuqala imperial eRussia. Alexandrinka Ngakho ikusasa uthola isimo salo olusemthethweni.

yaseshashalazini Okokuqala Russian ibizwa ngokuthi, isetshenziswa ukumela ahlekisayo nhlekelele. Ngesisekelo qembu bavela Yaroslavl: Fyodor volkov, owaba umqondisi qembu kanye abadlali uDemetriyu volkov futhi Popov. Wemidlalo futhi umqondisi yaseshashalazini iba Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, obhekwa ngukhokho idrama Russian. Ngesisekelo repertoire siqukethe kudlala isiFulentshi Racine, Beaumarchais, uVoltaire, Molière, kanye nemisebenzi abalobi Russian: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. Ukugcizelela main wabekwa okuzobe kudlalelwa amahlaya.

ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo

Theatre lavuselelwa Amazing Petersburg, kodwa ikamelo kwakhe, yena bazulazula kumasayithi ezahlukene, kubalulekile ukuthi kuke kwaba isakhiwo ekhethekile. Kodwa ngemva kokumiswa iminyaka kuphela emva 76 uvele Alexandrinsky Theatre, ikheli manje eselaziwa kunoma nkundla-goers. Endaweni ekuqaleni kwaba esakhiweni sezingodo okwakubonisa qembu Italian Kazassi. Kodwa kamuva ethiyetha ziwile, igumbi yathengwa e yengcebo, bese kabi umlilo 1811, ku-izinkinga zakhe baphazanyiswa nempi Napoleon.

Kodwa naphezu yokuntuleka kwezimali, e 1810 Carl Rossi kudala endaweni project ukwakha kabusha. Kwaba kuphela 30s, ngaphansi Nicholas mina, kuphakamisa sina umbuzo ukwakhiwa of the weshashalazi. Carl Rossi uba inhloko inqubo, wathatha iqembu lakhe abaklami Galberga Tkachev. Sekuyisikhathi lo msebenzi wokwakha bedele okuningi imali, futhi umsebenzi usuqalile ukubilisa: I-phansi isakhiwo ziye okhandwe ngesando emhlabathini 5000 yinqwaba, kodwa imihlobiso ukhetha ukugcina. Kunalokho, ithusi kanye nethusi eliningi elingenakulinganiswa esetshenziswa Umdwebo izinkuni eqoshwe.

Isakhiwo lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi 4 nje, no-Agasti 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky Theatre, ogama ikheli - Ostrovsky Square, 6, bathola isakhiwo esakhiwe umakhi kulenkhulu isikhathi sethu. Carl Rossi kwaholela ukuba ningabi nje kuphela ukwakhiwa, phansi kobuholi bakhe, yayiyingxenye ukuphila endaweni yephrojekthi umhlobiso ingaphakathi endlini. Alexandrinsky Theatre, okuyinto namuhla unesithombe ku-albhamu zonke izivakashi abavakashele Petersburg, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo wezakhiwo omkhulu.

Architecture and design ingaphakathi

Alexandrinsky Theatre baba ingxenye ezinkulu zentuthuko ezisemadolobheni eRussia. Ngaphambili olungaphambili lwesonto ebhekene iNeva lemininingwane, yakhelwe njengoba balcony ezijulile 10 amakholomu, esemgwaqweni ku elisophahleni quadriga abadumile Apollo. Ngokwe frieze ukuthi ujenga isakhiwo, elise umfire nemiklamo kanye buso ezigcawugcawu. I mbumbulu ohlangothini ahlotshiswe imipheme 8 amakholomu. Lesi sakhiwo nesitayela Empire kuyigugu yangempela Petersburg. emgwaqweni oseceleni oya enkundleni manje iqanjwe Rossi, ke kwadalwa umklami imithetho eqinile lasendulo. ububanzi ilingana ukuphakama izakhiwo kanye ubude anda ncamashi 10 izikhathi. Street yakhelwe ngendlela efana ukugcizelela ubukhazikhazi ubuhle isakhiwo yezakhiwo yesithombe.

Ingaphakathi umbusi kwakungaphumela kuphela ubone umbala obomvu, kodwa kudala yayingekho eziningi ezanele, kanye oda kwalo kungalimaza kakhulu alibale ukuvulwa. Umakhi wakwazi ukukholisa umbusi - njengoba ethiyetha wathola Upholstery yayo manje abadumile okwesibhakabhaka. Leli hholo lingahlala abantu mayelana 1770, kwadingeka 107 amabhokisi, nezitebele zamahhashi, igalari kanye kuvulandi, design brilliant ulunika i umsindo okumangalisayo.

isikhathi Imperial

Yokudumisa unkosikazi Nicholas Mina, nkundla uqambe Alexandrinsky. Uba maphakathi ukuphila esiteji yeRussia. Lapha umsuka Russian yaseshashalazini siko, kamuva kuyoba inkazimulo lizwe. Alexandrinsky Theatre ngemva kokutholakala lisekela isimiso repertoire evamile: it okuhleliwe ikakhulukazi ahlekisayo kudlala umculo. Kodwa repertoire kamuva iba ukuba ungaguli kakhulu, nazi iqala Griboyedov ahlekisayo "Maye kusukela Wit", "u-Inspector" N. V Gogolya, "Ukuduma" Ostrovsky. Ngo umsebenzi yaseshashalazini kule nkathi nabalingisi enkulu: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova nabanye abaningi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 Alexandrinsky Theatre iya enkampanini amandla ukusebenza yayo belingana okungcono idrama yeshashalazi Europe.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaphawulwa esibucayi, okuyinto akakwazanga ukugwema Alexandrinsky Theatre. Ngo-1908, yena wayehola iqembu uthola V Meyerhold, elifuna ukwakha repertoire entsha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokucophelela kulondoloza isiko ekhona. Uphakamisa ukusebenza esiyingqayizivele: "Don Giovanni", "ukubonakala", "Storm", okuyizinto yobuciko of idrama esikoleni esisha.

nenkathi yamaSoviet

Ngemva Okthoba ngo-1917, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi wasolwa ekhazimulisa kombuso, izikhathi ezinzima. Ngo-1920-ke iqanjwe kabusha Petrograd Academic Drama Theatre, futsi wacala ngenkuthalo ufake drama entsha, "I-Lower Ngokujula" futhi "AmaFilisti" Gorky ukudlala Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo ngisho Lunacharsky (Commissar semfundo).

Ngo inkampani, ngemizamo umqondisi omkhulu Yuriya Yureva, Umthala walondoloza ezindala, bajoyine abadlali lesikole entsha: Yakov Malyutin, leonid Vivien, Elena Karjakin. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, le nkundla waxoshelwa Novosibirsk, lapho abadlali abaqhubeke nokudlala imibukiso. Ngo-1944, inkampani wabuyela Leningrad.

Iposi-Impi neminyaka eyalandela kwakungelula isiko sisonke kanye Alexandrinka kuhlanganise. Kodwa lapho kusekhona ukusebenza owaziwa ezifana "Ukuphila umbala" esekelwe Dovzhenko, "Abaphumelele" ka BN Chirskovu.

ESoviet isikhathi umsebenzi abadlali oluvelele: V Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. cherkasov, VI Gorbachev nabaqondisi brilliant: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. Empeleni leli hholo akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo, naphezu kobunzima ngemibono.

Buyela emuva uyoqala ezintweni eziyisisekelo

Ngo-1990 wabuyela igama lakhona loqobo, futhi izwe libonakala futhi Alexandrinsky Theatre. yokwakha kabusha iminyaka wamupha akulula, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi kungenzeka nje kuphela ukuze basinde, kodwa futhi ukugcina qembu futhi iqoqo eliyingqayizivele imihlobiso kanye zasesiteji. Ngenxa yemizamo ye academician D. S. Lihacheva, eqashelwayo gugu lesizwe iba Alexandrinsky Theatre. Petersburg akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle kulesi sikhungo kwamasiko. He is uphawu yamabhayisikobho isiRashiya, njengoba abakhulu Mariinsky Theatre.

namuhla

Alexandrinsky Theatre, okuyinto libuyekeza Cishe njalo ebhaliwe ngokuya akhazimula, uzama ukugcina brand namuhla. Kusukela 2003, imele ekuqaleni kwazo umqondisi Valery Fokin. Imizamo yakhe le Alexandrinsky Theatre Festival Kunenkolelo igama elifanayo. Ngaphansi kobuholi Fokine labetibambile ukwakhiwa kabusha enkulu yemidlalo. Uye waqinisekisa ukuthi ethiyetha Bekunjalo yesibili, okuyinto ukubeka ukusebenza zokuhlola. Isebenzisa nabalingisi engcono abaqondisi. Theatre ubona umgomo wayo ekulondolozeni amasiko esikoleni waseshashalazini isiRashiya, ekusekeleni izitayela ezintsha futhi usize wamathalenta.

Famous yaseshashalazini productions

I repertoire Alexandrinka njalo kwadingeka kokuhle kunakho konke komhlambi play, azibeka zonke zabuna: laseChekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Namuhla, ukusebenza kwe-Alexandrinsky Theatre angumsebenzi best of bemidlalo: "Nora" Ibsen, "Abaphilayo Corpse" ngu L. Tolstoy, "Umshado" Gogol, "The Double" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. isitatimende ngasinye umcimbi esithinta umhlaba wonke. Fokin nomusa inqubomgomo repertoire, uthi akunakungatshazwa imikhiqizo ngephutha. Mission Theatre - inkulumo-ze zabuna, kanti isixuku esikhulu has a isikhundla okuholela Billboard Alexandrinka.

Qembu we Alexandrinsky Theatre

Alexandrinsky Theatre (Petersburg) is kulo lonke izwe elalaziwa. Namuhla kule nkampani ukusebenza Veterans okunjalo endaweni yesehlakalo, njengoba N. urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, kanye intsha abanamakhono: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, u-Alexander Bolshakov, u-Alexander Frolov.

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