Amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe: izici, ngebuhle nebubi

In the 70s kwekhulu elidlule kwafika crisis amandla, okwaphumela isidingo search asebenzayo okunye zokwakha kokuba okusezingeni eliphezulu ezishisayo izimfanelo ukwahlukanisa. Lezi izinto babe ukulondoloza amandla imithombo futhi efudumele.

Umlando sokudalwa

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, ochwepheshe babe umsebenzi onzima, izithelo zazo ziye zaba amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Bamukela igama yesibili - zobumba efudumele, futhi yaba nelungelo lobunikazi e-80s zakuqala. e-Italy. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, futhi namuhla keramobloki wenza ngokusemthethweni emazweni 32. amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe wathola isihloko oshiwo ngenhla ngenxa yokuthi banayo kakhulu izimfanelo ukushisa-kokulondoloza. It is lisetshenziswe ekwakhekeni yabo izingxenye imvelo, okuyinto ixubene nobumba futhi abe isethi ephelele izici isitini ezivamile. Nokho, uma iqhathaniswa ngesitini, le keramobloki nesisindo esingaphansi banezimfanelo nangokuvikela kangcono futhi ikhava ephoqelela endaweni ongaphakeme ukugeleza ngezilinganiselo.

izici ezinhle

amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kunezimo kuqhathaniswa ne akhiwe. Phakathi izinzuzo kuqashelwe isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe enikeza bathola izinga eliphakeme ukwahlukanisa umsindo nokushisa wokonga isisindo kancane. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le mikhiqizo abe usayizi esikhulu, okuvumela isikhathi esifushane ukuqedela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Ziyakwazi okuhlala, babe namandla high futhi uhlinzeke ezincane ukugeleza rate yesixazululo. Ngisho 20 edlule sekusaziwa umthengi uhlobo 2 keramoblokov, namuhla kukhona kweshumi eziningana. Imikhiqizo Ubukhulu ezahlukene, ifomethi, injongo, ukusebenza kanye nezinye izakhiwo. ethandwa amabhlogo Iningi ukungena nakwamanye amazwe babe wokugubha: 2.1 NF noma ngo-14,5 NF. Ukuqokwa kubonisa inani lezikhathi umkhiqizo ezingaphezu kuka izitini yesimanje. Zisetshenziswa ngoba ukwakhiwa zamabhizinisi kanye, lapho akha uthango, izindonga ebizwa, ukwahlukanisa izindonga ezicijile. Kwathengwa isakhiwo esiyisitezi, elamiswa kulokhu kwaziswa kungaba ofanele microclimate ngaphakathi, ukuhlinzeka ukwahlukanisa okuhle kanye nokugcina efudumele.

Izinzuzo main

amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kunezimo eziningi, angasetshenziswa sokwakha udonga, ukushuba zazo ngeke ifane kusuka 38 kuya 50 cm. Ngakho ukusebenzisa ukwahlukanisa obengeziwe polystyrene nokumbiwa uvolo akuzona kudingekile. Lezi izinzuzo abakwazi ukuqhosha noma iyiphi impahla yokwakha yesimanje. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abathengi abaningi ucabanga izindleko ukungena nakwamanye amazwe block Ceramic okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele, ungagcina isamba esikhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ukungabi khona isidingo ukushisa ukwahlukanisa, kanye ukulondoloza impahla. Ngempela, uma odongeni amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kokuba ukushuba 50 cm, ukuthi kuyoba njengoba nemfudumalo njengoba lowo wenziwe isitini abajwayelekile, kodwa ukushuba kufanele alingane ezimbili zokugcina amamitha. amabhlogo elikhulu-ukungena nakwamanye amazwe ahlinzeke ezinhle umusi isithiyo ukuvikela abantu abebehlala kusukela umsindo. Ngemva kokuphela odongeni, Uyithola kakade enawulungiselelwa kokuphothula. Inkosi ayidingekile ukuhlomisa likhreyithi, ulungise ipulangwe noma GCR, ukuze beyomboza ngodaka noma isetshenziswe njengekhubalo umhlobiso lodonga. Ngokwanele surface bushelelezi, has adhesion okusezingeni eliphezulu kunoma impahla. udonga ababhekene nesimo esinje kungabaduduza ngokushesha tile noma embozwe usimende akhiwe.

izinzuzo ezengeziwe

Indlu amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe has a lot of izinzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, akudingekile ukwakha isisekelo osindayo isakhiwo Izitini zaba isakhiwo sayo. Eyokwakha amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kudingeka kube ukwakhiwa elula base. Umthengi ungagcina ngaphezulu at the stage of zokuthutha amayunithi, njengoba nesisindo izinto mancane kakhulu kunalawo isitini ezivamile. Nge ubuchwepheshe nokubeka amabhlogo Ceramic uzokwazi ukuphatha ngisho Umakhi ongenalwazi. osayizi enkulu yemikhiqizo kanye nokuntuleka emalungeni lula kubekwa bese ugcine esisombululweni. ukusetshenziswa Ukhonkolo lingaphansi kathathu kunangesikhathi akhiwe. Ngakho, ukonga sizokwazi hhayi kuphela zokuhamba, ukufakwa kanye isisekelo, kodwa futhi phezu aliqede. Izindonga isitini abadinga priming, yokululama futhi ennobling. Futhi lokho ngokuphelele bushelelezi Seamless ebusweni keramoblokov angabhekana ngayo umsebenzi abaluphahleka e esikhathini esifishane.

serekhodi

amabhlogo Ceramic elikhulu-ukungena nakwamanye amazwe babe ethakazelisayo voids, okungakwazi kubhekwe okungahleliwe. Ilungiselelo elinjalo ka izimbotshana wenze ukuba ukushisa ukudluliselwa olinganiselayo, esihlinzeka umusi isithiyo udonga kanye ukuphefumula. Ezindlini imikhiqizo enjalo kuyoba ukhululekile futhi cool njengoba izindonga izonikezwa ukupholisa zemvelo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, bona sihlale ezomile, njengoba amanzi ukufingqa iyasha microventilation ngenxa. Ezinye izinzuzo ukuphepha umlilo nobungane kwemvelo, kanye ukumelana ukusonteka.

I yokuntula main

Okumbi ukungena nakwamanye amazwe amabhlogo ezimbalwa, kodwa ziyatholakala. Eyokuqala yalezi izenzo fragility. Nokho, uma wokwakha izobanjelwa ku ubuchwepheshe, umthwalo kwasakazwa ngokulinganayo phezu umkhiqizo, futhi keramobloki bazokwazi ukumelana nengcindezi enkulu. Nokho, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, uma ukulahla, isitini esisodwa, futhi hit ngento kanzima, ngeke aphule. Kumane zobumba, le fragility zazo impela high. Ngakho-ke, amakhosi kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokufaka, izitholele nezinto zokuya amayunithi. Indaba ine izindonga ezacile, kanye uma zibhekwa esigabeni cross, iyunithi siqukethe sebuningini ngodonga. Ngakho-ke, lapho yangaphakathi yokuqedela imisebenzi ngeke kube nesidingo sokufaka izimbobo obondeni isando amahange wakhe. Okuwukuphela kwendlela uzokwazi hang kurediyetha, ishalofu noma ikholomu igesi. Nge elula dowels iDemo le nkinga ayikwazi ixazululwe, ngakho kuyodingeka Thenga kakhulu iziqobosho eside.

Izindleko "Porotherm" amabhlogo

Ukudayiswa kungabonwa ukungena nakwamanye amazwe amabhlogo Porotherm, okuyinto ethulwa anhlobonhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezihlukahlukene 51 Green Line kuwufanele ruble 118. isiqeshana ngayinye futhi ehlose ukwakha nithela yangaphandle-ungqimba izindonga, okuyinto unganikezi ukwahlukanisa eyengeziwe. Ukuze Ligation amalunga mpo wokwakha basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene Porotherm 51 1/2, omunye iyunithi lapho kuyodingeka bakhokhe ruble 199. Lo mkhiqizo bakha izakhi ezengeziwe ukuze yokwehlela enkulu block. Block isetshenziselwa ukugqoka wokwakha emalungeni Porotherm 44 kuwufanele ruble 1/2 168. yileyo naleyo ingamashekeli. Kuyinto efanelekayo ezinkulu-format block Porotherm 44. Ukuze umthwalo eziveza izindonga ngaphandle nge extra ukwahlukanisa Porotherm asetshenziswa 38 amabhlogo, izindleko okuyinto ruble 109. yileyo naleyo ingamashekeli.

Kuphethe wokwakha

Ukubeka amabhlogo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe wenziwa emva ogelezayo nokumanzisa ngamanzi ebusweni umugqa wangaphambilini. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa emhlabeni phansi udonga ukuze emaphethelweni yangaphandle. inombolo ngayinye kufanele kuqale ukufakwa isitini ekhoneni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze iphimbo phakathi imigqa eduze ka ezivuzayo mpo kanye odongeni ilingana 125 cm. Amabhlogo ngokulele bese zibheka embondelene kufanele ihlolwe usebenzisa yomthofu wokumisa futhi ezingeni.