Central Federal District of the Russian Federation

On endaweni Russian Federation eziningi abadlali, kuhlanganise County, isifunda noma izwe. Ngamunye edlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izwe futhi enezinto eziningi izici. Kodwa kukhona kuncike ukhiye. Lokhu Central Federal District, kuyinto core zomlando kanye nezomnotho isimo eminyaka. Kulesi sihloko sibheka isimo somnotho esifundeni yindawo elikuyo, ezikhangayo kanye nezinye izici.

Uhlolojikelele

Central Federal District of the Russian Federation - kuyinto insimu yezwe kunabo ukwanda kwabantu. It yasungulwa ngo 2000 by esinqumweni uMongameli Rossi Vladimira Putin. Njengengxenye County kungekho republic eyodwa, sifaka kuphela endaweni kanye nenhlokodolobha edolobheni laseMoscow. Libuye sokuqondisa se County futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke. Igama asiveli isikhundla ezindawo besifunda, futhi kusukela umsebenzi yayo yomlando.

Le ndawo bekulokhu amaningi asethuthukile ngokomnotho, emasiko, kwezombusazwe. Isifunda itholakala nezinhlangano zemfundo yezwe, futhi wasungula uhlelo eziphambili kakhulu ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana. Ngaphakathi kuwo asethuthukile ngempumelelo: yezimoto, instrumentation kanye nezinye izimboni. Abantu abaningi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe eza endaweni unomphela umsebenzi CFD noma eMoscow njengoba amadolobha yodumo kanye esithembisayo eziphilayo nokuthuthukiswa.

geography

Izindawo Central Federal District ihlanganisa indawo ye 650 200 amakhilomitha square. Kuyinto cishe 4% yonke insimu yase Russia. CFA itholakala e-East European Plain. Ngesikhathi imingcele District converges nge Belarus ne-Ukraine.

Ngaphakathi CFD sikhule okuxubile, amahlathi lezihlahla. Ingxenye indawo imbozwe asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni. Kukhona futhi zenzeka ezinye imifula emikhulu eVolga, Don, Dnieper naseWestern Dvina. Isimo sezulu esipholile. Amazinga e ezomhlaba ebusika 15 degrees centigrade ehlobo - 22 degrees.

Inani elikhulu namaminerali ekhiqizwa endaweni ye-Central Federal District. Lezi zihlanganisa i-phosphate idwala, usimende izinto zokusetshenziswa, egwadle, amalahle. Cishe u-20% wabo bonke nojantshi Russian ukunweba eCentral Federal District.

labantu

Abantu 39.209.580 siphile Central Federal District of Russia. Ngesinye square kilometre 60. Lokhu kungaphezu 25% abantu sebebonke. Cishe ingxenye yabo uhlala e-inhloko-dolobha yeCentral Federal District. EMoscow nesifunda eMoscow baba ekhaya ukuze izakhamuzi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-17.

Liphuzu lelibalulekile ukuthi liqhubeka nokwanda. Kule minyaka 7 iminyaka ngokuqhubekayo kwandisa isibalo saso. Njalo ngonyaka ensimini ka-Central Federal District eza izinkulungwane zabantu 200-300. Futhi anda amanani okuzala. Kusukela ngo-2002, kuye kwaba khona ukwanda kwempilo yabantu abahlala kule ngxenye yezwe.

Iningi labantu Russian, zingabantu lapha cishe 90% abantu sebebonke. Ibe isilandelwa Ukrainian, lapho yingxenye encane kuphela 1%. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona Armenia, isiTatar Azerbaijanis nge share engaphansi kuka-1%. Phakathi izilimi nazo ubuswa iqembu Slavic, okungukuthi Russian. share Ezazimzungezile - 92% noma ngaphezulu.

zokungcebeleka

Esisogwini Insimu Central Federal District Russia nokuzwa abalulekile.

Kolomna Kremlin. Enye yezindawo umxhwele kakhulu kuleli zwe. I ezibiyele Yakhiwa esikhathini kusuka 1525 by 1531, futhi wakhonza njengomdala inqaba ungenakunqotshwa uhulumeni eMoscow iminyaka eminingi. kuphela ingxenye enqabeni, abambalwa izindonga 7 imibhoshongo iyagcinwa kuze kube manje. Ngaphakathi ezibiyele ezakhiwa Cathedral of kweNyuka kanye pair of yesonto, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa.

Smolensk inqaba udonga. Udonga Yakhiwa esikhathini kusuka 1595 by 1602. Ubude bayo 6.5 amakhilomitha. Smolensk inqaba khona endaweni ebalulekile Tactical isimo Russian. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 izikhathi eziningi Ahlasela amabutho esitha, kuze kube manje kuphela ingxenye nezivikelo wahlala kuwo.

Hopersky Reserve. Yaqalwa ngo-1935, Ipaki kuye kwafeza indima juqu kulondolozwa muskrat isiRashiya, ogama abantu kwakusekungazini kuncipha. Esiqiwini ingenye yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu eYurophu. On insimu yalo kukhona amachibi 400, okuyinto zonke izikhukhula entwasahlobo ka-80% of the ezindaweni ezabelwe. UMnyango wezoMnotho we Central Federal District unaka ngokukhethekile ekuthuthukiseni endaweni evikelwe.

umnotho

Cishe 34% wenani umkhiqizo okwedlulele yesifunda zaba Central Federal District. Lapha kuyazuzisa ukubhala 22% ezolimo kanye 26,5% womkhiqizo ezimbonini.

I share isamba CFD umkhakha cishe ilingana u-20% ezweni lonke. Black endaweni Earth, elaba core olungekho emthethweni yeRussia, ophethe igunya zokukhiqiza yezimboni, ezingaba yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, isiqoqi sama-softwe nezinye izinhlobo umkhakha.

CFD abe ngumholi ngokuya nentuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho, uma siqhathanisa nabanye izifunda federal yezwe. On insimu yalo iyikhaya inqwaba ochwepheshe abavela emasimini zokukhiqiza kanye nohlelo lobuchwepheshe.

CFA likhiqiza u-22% kagesi wezwe, 19% of izinsimbi ayoni. Kubuye kwenze sibe esiningi imikhiqizo yobisi ethengwe lapha ukuze 30% isinkwa eziningi utshwala (cishe uhhafu).

Ezemfundo kanye nesayensi

Bangaphezu kuka-80% azo zonke ucwaningo lwesayensi Russian olwenziwe imikhawulo yama-Central Federal District. laboratories Scientific nezikhungo bagxila ngaphakathi esifundeni, kuyinto engaba cishe egcwele wonke umbuso. Ososayensi abavela ezweni lonke ukufika e Moscow ukuthola izimali ukuthuthukisa amabhizinisi abo noma iqale ukusebenza nabanye abaholi abanekhono.

Indima ebalulekile kuleli udlalwa uhlelo imfundo CFD. Cishe u-40% ezikhungweni zitholakala lapha, futhi ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke abafundi ababhalise kulesi wesifunda. izikhungo zemfundo eMoscow nesifunda eMoscow athandwa kakhulu entsheni, njengoba kunenkolelo ukuthi kwaba emayunivesithi eMoscow ungathola imfundo esezingeni elifanele nge ukunyathela itshe elikhulu ngengomuso kanye nokwenzeka ukuqhubeka.

emisha

Kufika 25% wabo bonke imibono kanye nentuthuko bazalwa ngaphakathi CFD. Lokhu lula izikhungo zocwaningo kanye amapaki yizimboni njenge "Skolkovo". Endaweni yayo abazenzi bahlala batfutfukisa imibono emisha. Onjiniyela abasebenza "Skolkovo", nencenye emsebentini wekwakha izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi sihlinzeke izinhlelo web kanye neminye imikhiqizo zobuchwepheshe kokubili amabhizinisi kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye. Isici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni bekulokhu impendulo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ongoti ezweni lonke njalo ngolwazi, uqoqe inkomfa futhi unike Russia amathalenta amasha nsuku zonke ekuthuthukiseni States, ngokuya ubuchwepheshe lags ngemuva kwabanye. abathweswe iziqu eziningi amanyuvesi Russian kanye angaphandle Njengamanje sisebenza ku-IT-nezinkampani ezikwamanye endaweni Central Federal District.

uhlelo isikebhe

Abe-Central Federal District has omunye izinhlelo eziphambili kakhulu futhi emikhulu yezokuthutha. Inqamula budlulela Trans-Siberian sesitimela. Phakathi izinhlobo zezimoto esetshenziswa ngaphakathi CFA wesitimela, umgwaqo, umoya, amanzi, kuthi laba abangaphansi komhlaba (Esiteshini saseMoscow) kungenziwa ekhishwe inyumbazane.

Ubude imigwaqo esifundeni 146 391 amakhilomitha ngo-2010. Through the CFD kukhona 65 main nojantshi bezitimela. Lapha-ke itholakala eMoscow ezokuthutha ihabhu (phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Russia).

Ngokuphathelene air zokuthutha, ngaphezu Vnukovo owaziwa futhi Sheremetyevo, ensimini ka-Central Federal District usebenza eminye 29 zezindiza. Bonke zilawulwa Federal Transport Agency.

Enye indlela ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ezisebenza kule wesifunda - Pipeline. Nazi amapayipi elide kakhulu kuleli zwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-main uwoyela iphayiphi Nizhny Novgorod - Ryazan. Ubude bayo kakhulu ngendlela 230 amakhilomitha.