Amagama Umlando nendawo Riddle

Wonke umuntu uyazi: ezitaladini, izindlu, nemizana kanye lezinto zemvelo ezihlukahlukene sinamagama. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi ukuthi ucwaningo lwabo kuthatha isiyalo ezifana amagama endaweni. Kuyinto isayensi ukuthi ufunda amagama indawo nazo zonke izici zawo.

isihloko cwaningo

Ububanzi izithakazelo endaweni yolwazi kuhlanganisa izici ezifana umlando kuyanda kanye nenguquko, kubangela ukuqhela, ezinye izindlela zokupela, translation pronunciation, le izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane neqembu elilodwa noma kwenye "igama". Toponymy kubonakala isayensi yesibili kuphela efika kuqala. Eminingi yemininingwane zomlando ezizwe ezihlukahlukene nezinhlanga, ekuqaleni ayehlala insimu ethile, kuba sobala ngemva kokuhlola amagama okwasala ngemuva. Nokho, le nqubo ezimbili: ezinye amagama puzzle endaweni ayikwazi waqonda without funda umlando kanye namasiko ezihlobene nazo futhi ngokuvamile belinganisa izici amagama lezinto ezihlukahlukene.

Inani

Ukubaluleka amagama indawo lezinto futhi ukufunda kwabo kulula ukukuqonda, uma sibiza amabalazwe. ziba engenamsebenzi ngaphandle namagama ezindawo. Ngaphandle kwawo, futhi kunzima kakhulu indlela sezwe, ikakhulukazi engajwayelekile. Inkulumo ethi "engakafiki yindlu empunga, vula kwesobunxele uhambe amamitha amahlanu uma uya enyakatho" - amaningi kungabangela ukudideka. Futhi amagama emigwaqo zisetshenziselwa uzulazule cishe yonke. Izwe ngaphandle amagama endaweni (njengoba okhonjiswe izinhloso zalo isayensi) kungaba okuhluke kakhulu, kanye ngaphandle ngokuzitadisha.

Lokhu kuboniswa ngokucacile yetinsita zomlando. Genrih Shliman, omunye wabasunguli be-emkhakheni nemivubukulo, eyofuna emanxiweni Troy lasendulo, umuzi echazwa uHomer, futhi kanjalo ukuthi ukhona. Ngisafuna indawo ekahle umbe, wamonyuka ukunakekela egqumeni Hissarlik elise Turkey. Igama layo cishe ihumusha ngokuthi "indawo amanxiwa." Lokhu kwashukumisela abavubukuli beqala search yabo lapha. Njengoba yaziwa, Schliemann kwakungelona iphutha: ngaphansi ungqimba obukhulu emhlabeni la mathambo.

eslphambanweni

Toponymy - isayensi study amagama endaweni bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Yiqiniso, isebenzisa idatha kusuka ezihlukahlukene eyala. Ukuqonda Umsuka wegama elithi, inani layo semantic ngoba bomdabu, kanye ngemva kwabo izenzakalo zenzeka ngenxa ukuhlanganiswa kwezici idatha umlando, amazwe futhi yezilimi. Uma uya emuva isibonelo Schliemann, ngokuhlela zonke lezi zici ekubonisa kahle. Zomlando "Usizo" futhi idatha indawo athathwa Homer umvubukuli kanye neminye imithombo. igama ehunyushiwe sentaba (okomnikelo yezilimi) nawo afeza indima ebalulekile yokusesha.

amagama ezindawo eziningi imfumbe zingachazwa ngezinqubo ekuqondeni izimiso jikelele amagama. Ake ucabangele ezinye zazo.

Inketho elula

Zomlando amagama endaweni uyazi Ezimweni eziningi lapho, njengoba igama lendawo esetshenziswa eside ukuthi libhekisela izici ngokwezindawo zomhlaba. Izibonelo ezinjalo baningi kumephu. Leli qoqo of Palau ePacific ( "Palau" lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu Micronesian kusho "isiqhingi"), i-South America kanye Atacama Desert ( "ehlane" enguqulweni kusukela Indian). Ngokuvamile kwakheka igama nto yi ngokujoyina lafana we epithet. Kukhona futhi amaningi izibonelo: Serra ePortugal Dorada ( "Igolide Intaba"), i-Parana emfuleni e-India ( "umfula omkhulu"), iMauna Kea eHawaii ( "White Intaba") nokunye.

Amanye amagama endaweni zidluliselwa kusukela into eyodwa kuya kwenye. Isibonelo esivamile lesi - kuso amagama emizi nemifula. Ezimweni eziningi kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini into wakhonza njengephayona umthombo "igama". Nairobi, eMoscow, Lilongwe, La Plata - zonke ngesikhathi esifanayo amagama emifuleni kanye nemizi.

iyashintsha

Umlando ugcwele amagama endaweni nezibonelo izinguquko igama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kaningi kuba nomphumela ukufika endaweni zezizwe entsha, abahlaseli noma abantu bebe besezweni lakubo. Komuntu kuhlelwe ngendlela yokuthi zonke ezingajwayelekile, ezama ukwenza uliqonde kangcono ngokwabo. Kunjalo-ke nangobufakazi amagama ezinye izilimi. izakhamizi okusha ukuthatha igama lendawo, okuyinto evame nazo, futhi iguqulwe ephendukela endleleni yakhe. Ngakho, amaGreki asendulo uhlaziye namaBerber "Adrar", okusho ukuthi "entabeni" e-Atlas (kusuka esiGrekini ngoba "ethwele"). PLACENAME okusha organically wangena basezinganekwaneni endulo uhlelo.

Kwenzeka ukuthi igama into ezindawo enwetshiwe ehlukile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Akuyona into engavamile ngokuba imifula. Okufanayo amagama endaweni imfumbe kalula wachaza: isizathu esiyinhloko ekushintsheni Igama lomfula, njengoba umthetho, itholakala ekuguquleni ubunjalo flow yayo. Bahr al Jabal ( "umfula wamanzi Izintaba") - igama Nile endaweni lapho ahlahlele esidlangalaleni eziqongweni entabeni e-Eastern ethafeni Sudanese.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlukahlukene ophilayo loMfula umfula, mnikeni igama lami. Ngenxa yalesi Nile El-Bahr, banikezwe ama-Arabhu, Coptic Earo, iKhupro Tkutsiri - Ulimi bunaga futhi Bari ngokulandelana.

Imemori ye esidlule

amazwi Toponymy babhekana nencazo okungalungile lwamagama ezithile ezihlobene nokuntula ilwazi elithile emkhakheni etymology (imvelaphi). Le nqubo iyafana uhlaziye izifiki entsha yolunye ulimi imigomo, okwakubekelwa eshiwo ngenhla. Vrazhsky Lane e Moscow, mayelana nokuthi zinengi, waba ubufakazi kubo abanye itholene phezulu namabutho isitha. Igama lihlotshaniswa igama elithi "isitha." Nokho, lokhu nokucabanga ayilungile: "vrazhsky" kusho "ovrazhisty". Lena iyona ncazelo leli zwi asephakamisa kuya kweleshumi XVIII.

Futhi izibonelo eziningi amagama endaweni ukutshela mlando mayelana nesikhathi esedlule. Amagama ezinganekwane ezingokwesayensi ngokuvamile babonisa impilo kanye nezici sabantu. Njengoba kungenza bayokwahlulelwa umsebenzi wansuku zonke endaweni ethile noma izesekeli zawo, isibonelo, amazwe sezikhulu kulendawo. Ngezinye izikhathi uqoke izindawo ezihlobene izici zemvelo kanye zezulu ababe sici for ke esikhathini esithile esidlule. Nezimfumbe toponymy ngokuvamile kuphakama endabeni lapho kungekho ulwazi mayelana esidlule lendawo futhi kunzima ukuqhathanisa "igama" alibiza zensimu.