Ngo Senzeka ngamuphi unyaka ukuqedwa serfdom eRussia

1861 - kulonyaka lapho ukuqedwa serfdom eRussia. Lolu suku kuwumphumela imihlangano eminingi nezikhulu zikahulumeni, abanikazi bamazwe, izicukuthwane wawuba nobuhlobo ngqo ubunikazi kubantu othola imali yayo kusukela ukusetshenziswa isimo sabo senceku. I izimfanelo for the ukuqedwa serfdom waqala izici eziningana ziye wadala isimo kwangqingetshe kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho ekuthuthukiseni yeRussia.

Imbangela nemphumela ukuqedwa serfdom

Isizathu esiyinhloko angabhekwa ukuhlulwa of the Empire, Russian eMpini YaseCrimea. umphumela wayo echayeke ngokuphelele backwardness yeRussia kusuka amazwe aseYurophu e ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza ezimbonini, ubuholi kwezombusazwe nakwezempi yezwe. Sekuyisikhathi eside uthuthuva isidingo sokuguquka maqondana abantukazana, ngokukhethekile, izinguquko umsebenzi, ngokuvamile, kwaba umlingisi lomcoka e ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo kabusha. Amathiphu ikhomishini ekhethekile Kwamiswa kuhulumeni, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukuthuthukisa idokhumenti okwanika inkululeko serfs, ukuchaza amalungelo abanikazi langaphambili ukuze entsha yokuphila abantukazana futhi olusondelayo unyaka ukuqedwa serfdom.

Hhayi kuphela nenkululeko umlimi abavamile beat zonke izingqondo zikahulumeni kanye nabantu ayesenakho umbuso. Kudingeka Manpower mahhala umkhakha ephakamisa, ukwakhiwa amadolobha amasha, yisosha, ekugcineni. Serfdom kwenza okholwayo wangakwazi ukusebenzisa lomtshikatshika abalimi. Izikhungo zezimali zenkosi yayo, ukucutshungulwa nasemasimini alo namadlelo - ukuthi is diki of serfdom nayo yonke inzalo yayo okwesikhathi ehlobo eside. Ngayiphi ngonyaka uyekwa serfdom, ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokokuqala ngqá umlimi ubhekene nesinqumo - yini okumele uyenze le nkululeko, okuyinto yiphupho isikhathi eside kangaka? Ukuhlala endaweni ajwayelekile, futhi wathola, noma angene emshungwini wokugubha la okungokwakhe abami labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe beyofuna ukuphila okungcono?

Idethi ukuqedwa serfdom - izimo ezintsha zokuphila abantukazana

Unyaka ka- ukuqedwa serfdom kwaba umphumela umsebenzi odinga isineke ngempela futhi olubanzi. UMbusi u-Alexander II 19 Februwari 1861 , usayine Manifesto of the ukuqedwa serfdom. Kushintshe kakhulu kumlimi isilinganiso nemndeni wakhe ngemuva kwalolo suku? Ngo Senzeka ngamuphi unyaka ukuqedwa serfdom, ngawo lowo nyaka futhi wanikwa kwethulwa uhlelo lokuthuthukisa ezweni ngo umnotho waqasha zabasebenzi. Umlimi bahlale isikhundla eyisakhamuzi olusemthethweni, umninindlu noma ngibé yizwe ezihloniphekayo, ekhokhela umsebenzi noma imali ukusetshenziswa kwaso. Ayikwazanga athenge izwe, Nokho, cishe kwakungekho noyedwa abalimi ukuthi ngeke sikwazi ukulithenga - intengo bekulokhu ayitholakali.

Thengisa amakhono akho wawumusha ngokuphelele ongumlimi, njalo wayevela enkosini yayo. Ngale nsiza, ukudayisa, ukungena ekuqaleni kakhulu womnotho emakethe - useshintshe ukuphila ongumlimi, waqala ukushintsha kwakhe ukubukwa zezombusazwe. Omunye Imiphumela eyinhloko ukuqedwa serfdom angabhekwa phakathi ukuvela abantukazana zabaholi bezombusazwe ukuchaza nemalungelo kanye netibopho ilungu uhlelo olusha ngamunye - umthengisi futhi umthengi. Ngaphambili, umlimi wayengeke abe umbono, manje walalela, wayengase ngandlela-thile ukuze balwele encane yabo kodwa wonke amalungelo afanayo. 1861 - usuku, ephendula umbuzo, e Senzeka ngamuphi unyaka ukuqedwa serfdom - ke waba unyaka siqinise futhi ukukhazinyuliswa autocracy. U-Alexander II wathola kubantu yokubonga angunaphakade ukukhunjulwa ngokuthi "umsindisi futhi umkhululi." Ukuqedwa serfdom anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa yezimboni ezivikela umbuso eziyinkimbinkimbi, kabusha lempi, ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba omusha futhi ukuthuthelwa sabantu abasebenzayo, ekuqiniseni uhlelo zokuxhumana ezisemadolobheni nezisemakhaya kanye nengxenye ezindabeni nokukhathazeka nomunye.