Amahlelo yemali Russian. imali yamaphepha Modern Russian

Ticket Bank of Russia - izindlela ezisemthethweni yokukhokha esetshenziswe kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-WaseRussia. Kwesokudla ukukhipha imali yamaphepha of Central Bank has kuphela. Bavikelekile mbumbulu izici ekhethekile ubuqiniso ukuqaliswa lapho izixazululo zanamuhla lobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa.

Iyunithi yokukala solvency, ezithinta amahlelo isiRashiya ruble Russian njengoba lwemali kazwelonke. inothi ngalinye kokuba elilinganayo komunye egxilile. Okunjalo inquma solvency banknotes anikezwe ruble Russian.

indaba

Iphepha imali uvele Russia ngo-1769. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu eyiphepha simele ukuzinikela lapho lwezikhali ungase uthole zemali ebhange afanele.PARAGRAPH_END lemali bokuzisholo. Uchungechunge lokuqala lalibizwa kakhulu kabi evikelwe mbumbulu - elinegazi zavezwa ngezinga ezimbonini, okwaholela ukwehla. Izindlela eziyinhloko yokukhokha waqhubeka uhlamvu lwemali: value abo kwaba siphezulu, kanye ukuthembeka kwabo nomphakathi.

Ngo 1818, saqala ukuba ikhishwe izikweletu imodeli entsha yeRussia. Lawa kwakungamadodana imali yamaphepha efanayo, kodwa izinga yabo lalilikhulu kakhulu kunalokho, kanye nokuvikeleka. Leli phephandaba kwaba obukhulu kakhulu, kwakukhona watermark. Ukuze sithuthukise lo imali yamaphepha badonseleka ochwepheshe abaningi.

Umthelela nempi yombango , ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi omubi: ukukhululwa zokubhumbuluza ungeze ekukhiqizweni "imali esikhundleni", okuyinto kwenziwa iziphathimandla zendawo njengoba zindawo ezikude, bawuthumba Abamhlophe. Inkinga yaxazululeka lapho kukhululwa "ducats", okwaqala ngo-1922. I imali yamaphepha entsha kukhona igolide lezimpahla ukwesekwa, ukuze solvency yabo besingeke sizinze (saphela ukwehla).

Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR

Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR ayesekhona babe amathikithi eBhange State, kuyilapho Bank of Russia baqhubeka ukukhululwa kwabo. Ngo-1993, kwakunenani izinguquko yemali: isikhewu amathikithi kwathiwa ezikweletini, bathathelwe indawo ochungechungeni lokuqala Bank of Russia amathikithi. Uchungechunge walabo yesibili wakhululwa ngemva konyaka ukubonakala imali yamaphepha usebhekene izinguquko ezithile.

Ngo-1995, uchungechunge entsha banknotes wakhishwa futhi. Babukeka kuyafana imali yamaphepha yesimanje Russian. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi ababili okuzisholo: Series 1995, wayengumuntu ayizinkulungwane izikhathi ephakeme kunaleyo esetshenziswa njengamanje.

Ngemva 1998

Ingqikithi yalo kabusha yemali elilandelayo eyenziwa ngo-1998, kwaba ngo ihlelo. Lokho - ukushintsha ihlelo banknotes, kulandele esikhundleni sabo kancane kancane kodwa ephelele. Russia ekhishwe imali yamaphepha entsha. Umbala wawo cishe ngokuphelele uhambisane ukubukeka imali engamaphepha isampula ngonyaka 1995. Kushintshwe kuphela izinombolo kanye izakhi impumuzo, ukhombise ihlelo.

Lo mthethosivivinywa ubudala, okuyinto yaba ngeyenani ruble 1,000, exchange kuphela ngohlamvu lwemali entsha, isithunzi okwakukhona 1 ruble. 5-Rouble inothi, esikhundleni ubudala ezinhlanu senkulungwane kwahluka usayizi mncane. Ngenxa kwegazi eqinile ngokushesha ukulahlekelwa impahla yayo, yingakho ikhishwe ngokushesha ayisekho. Ngokuhamba metal yayo zifinyelela kuphela - 5-Rouble uhlamvu lwemali.

ukulungiswa

Naphezu izinga nokuphepha high kakhulu, imali amahlelo Russian baqhubeka kudingeka ukuguqulwa. Lezo kwakuyizikhathi esingeside ukufika: kwesokunxele entsha eyiphepha chungechunge. Okokuqala izibuyekezo mayelana isivikelo mbumbulu: mbumbulu amathuba okwandisa sezishiye ukuvela izikweletu inkohliso, kunzima ukuhlukanisa kwabahlakaniphileyo bangempela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo imali yamaphepha amabili amasha kancane kancane sigqoka kwegazi. isithunzi sabo - ruble 1,000 futhi ruble 5,000, ngokulandelana. Zonke izilinganiso zokuvikela zakamuva "ukusebenzisa-e" kubo, kamuva ngokungeza izinzuzo yochungechunge entsha izikweletu ezincane. Okwesikhathi esithile kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi silungiselela ukukhululwa banknotes e ihlelo 10,000 Russian isithunzi ezinjalo lalizoba yi ngentuthuko yakamuva emkhakheni ukuvikelwa lwemali. Entsha "eziyishumi-senkulungwane 'ziye kude kangaka ayikakhishwa kodwa uyaqhubeka ngcono" thousandths "asebenzayo futhi" senkulungwane emihlanu ".

Izimpawu ubuqiniso (izivikelo)

imali yephepha isiRashiya, okwamanje lisetshenziswa, zivikelwe nabaningi izimfanelo ezikhethekile bokuba yiqiniso kwazo. Ukuqhubekela amanothi enjalo kunzima kakhulu: zidinga izimpahla ezibizayo ekhethekile, izinto zokwakha kanye nolwazi oluthile. Ngakho-ke, ukudalwa eziningi elincane elinegazi - neokupaemo futhi ukusungula ukukhiqiza emikhulu akunakwenzeka, ngoba kuyoba lula ukuzibona. Ukukhomba izinga abampofu elinegazi akuyona umsebenzi onzima: izimpawu ezibonakala bobuqiniso basingatha ekhethekile, ukuze lezi ingaze izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje abangenayo imishini ekhethekile.

Sami ukuqinisekiswa izimfanelo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana. Ezinye ebonakalayo ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama engela ezithile, kuyilapho abanye atholakala yokudlulisela. Ezinye kungenziwa waqaphela kuphela ebonakalayo emisebeni kagesi sobubanzi ezithile.

eziphathekayo

Ubuqiniso leli qembu neyaziwayo lapho wathinta. Elokuqala lalawo - izinga ephepheni. Kwekhwalithi eliphansi inkohliso neyaziwayo ngokushesha: kusolakala ehluke iminwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imali yamaphepha ephakanyiswe izakhi yakhelwe ukunquma ihlelo labo abantu umbono kahle. Umbhalo "ithikithi BANK OF ERUSSIA" ohlangothini front Ubuye impumuzo lizwakale touch.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emsebenzini wokukhiqiza imali yamaphepha series entsha isebenzisa ububanzi nokuvikeleka strip, ephuma ebusweni kwezinye izindawo. Labo beqonda bushelelezi ngokuphelele. I imali yamaphepha of ihlelo e 500, 1000 kanye 5000 ruble strip ophumayo endaweni phezu has a olukhudlwana futhi ngesimo ewindini ewumngcingo ( "ifasitela namabala").

ebonakalayo

izimpawu Kubonakala bobuqiniso basingatha ekhethekile. Le mithetho Bank of Russia benezingane eziningi izakhi ukuthi kungatholakala ngeso lenyama. Ezinye zazo zibonakala kusukela kunoma iyiphi i-engeli. Lezi zihlanganisa inkulumo digital kwenani eliyimali, sibekwe elingezansi kwesokunxele ohlangothini front. Wenziwe esiliva upende okhethekile.

Ngu ebonakalayo izici ubuqiniso kanye nekhono ukusebenzisa emapheshana zokuzivikela ukushintsha umbala, lubonakale kusuka cishe kunoma engela. Okunye izimpawu ezibonakala bobuqiniso zingatholakala ngokuhlola bill kuze kube ukukhanya, noma nokuliphatha engela ezithile.

Kubonakala on gleam

Kuyaphenywa le eyiphepha ekukhanyeni, kungenzeka ukuthola izici eziningana noma ubuqiniso ukunquma manga nge iSowetan. I-watermark lokuqala ebonakalayo. Basuke esisogwini ukukhanya ensimini amanothi, kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla yesithombe esikhulu. Omunye okubili ihlelo digital, elinye - ukuphinda esinye sezici yesithombe esikhulu. Strip nokuvikeleka ubonakala umugqa okuqinile opaque.

Lokhu izimpawu iqembu osebenza microperforation. Okunjalo sisetshenziswa bonke imali yamaphepha entsha ngobuso ukubaluleka ruble 100 nangaphezulu. Kungaba ukubona ohlangothini lwesokunene ngaphambili ohlangothini eyiphepha. On mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi iyinombolo ebonakalayo elihambisana ukubaluleka okuzisholo futhi wenziwe sebuningini izimbobo ezincane.

Kubonakala ngaphansi engeli ezithile

Izimpawu ubuqiniso, ibonakale engeli ezithile, amaphethini moiré abenziwe optically variable inki izakhi nezithombe esicashile. iphethini Moire uqala dim ukucwazimula ngemibala ehlukene ngokushintsha engela umbono. Optically inki variable kunikeza nomphumela ofanayo, kodwa okukhanya zisebenza ngokushesha isithombe sonke isici. Lezi zindlela avikelekile, ekhishwe ngo-2004, lo mthethosivivinywa Russian kamuva.

Isithombe esicashile zingatholakala kumugqa Ornamental, uma ubheka inothi elele phezu flat nehlo. Lo mphumela libizwa Kipp: Kumiswa iphethini ukuze umehluko phakathi isici luhlaza kutholwa kuphela engela kusengaphambili.

hardware itholiwe

Zonke ezinye izici zokuphepha asekelwe ku imali yamaphepha isiRashiya, kungatholakala kuphela imishini ekhethekile. Okokuqala, lezi zihlanganisa Imicu yotshani nokuvikeleka linamathele ephepheni. Zibonakala ngokucacile ngokukhanya oku-ultraviolet, kanye ezinye izakhi yesithombe. Tags samanje futhi infrared, ukukhanya ebonakalayo lapho ngesibani infrared.

Ngaphandle kubonakala uhla ethile, a selitholakala hardware izici zihlanganisa izakhi sithombe esincane kakhulu: microtext futhi amaphethini ezinye. Angathungathwa kuphela esebenzisa isikhulisi ngokwanele. Futhi, ezinye izingxenye ebusweni imali yamaphepha yizitho isakhiwo ekhethekile kokuba izakhiwo kazibuthe. Ukuze amalebula enjalo ingase ubuqiniso zokuhlola ezasungulwa hardware ezifanele.