Umlobi Ostrovsky Alexander Vladimirovich: biography nesithombe

Ostrovsky Alexander Vladimirovich ungumlobi owaziwayo waseRussia kanye nomlando-mlando, uprofesa, udokotela wesayensi yezomlando, umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ezithandwayo emlandweni wamuva waseRussia ohlobene nezenzakalo ezenzeka kuleli zwe ngekhulu lama-20.

I-biography yomlobi

U-Ostrovsky Alexander Vladimirovich wazalelwa ngo-1947 esifundeni saseKalinin. Wazalelwa emzaneni omncane wase-Ulin esifundeni saseWest-Dvina. Isazi sesikhathi esizayo sathweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme eVelikie Luki, ngasePkovkov.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, u-Alexander Vladimirovich Ostrovsky wangena esikhungweni se-Pskov Pedagogical Institute. Ngaqala ukufunda e-Faculty History. Ngemva kokuqeda iziqu ngokuhlonishwa, wathunyelwa eklasini lokugcina iziqu e-Institute of History ye-Academy of Sciences yase-USSR, esiseLeningrad. Umeluleki wakhe wesayensi oqondile wayengumlando-mlando waseSoviet u-Valentin Dyakin, owaziwa ngokucwaninga kwakhe okuningiliziwe ngenkinga yezombusazwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nelama-20, umbhali womsebenzi oyinhloko I-Crisis of Autocracy eRussia.

Ngemva kokuthola i-degree yokuqala yesayensi, u-Ostrovsky Alexander Vladimirovich wafundisa ezikoleni zokufundisa, okokuqala eVologda, bese ese-Yaroslavl, iminyaka engaba ngu-10. Ngaleso sikhathi wasebenza kanzima emisebenzini yakhe yesayensi, ikakhulukazi, evikela indaba yakhe. Isihloko saleso sifundo sasiwubugebengu eRussia ngoJuni 3, 1907, okwaholela ekuqothulweni kokuqala kwesifundazwe sesibili uDuma.

Ukufundisa umsebenzi

U-Ostrovsky Alexander Vladimirovich, owaziwa ngokuqondile nomlando, kusukela ngo-1984 wafundisa e-Electrotechnical Institute of Communications eLeningrad.

Kusukela ngo-1997 wasebenza e-Humanitarian Institute of Trade Unions eSt. Petersburg. Wayengamele umnyango womlando. Kulesi sikole wachitha iminyaka emine. Ngo-2001, wangena empini evulekile ne-rector Alexander Zapesotsky. Ngendlela, uZapesotsky usalokhu ehola eyunivesithi. Kusukela ngo-1991. Namuhla ungumcwaningi omdala kunazo zonke eRussia ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe. Ngenxa yenkinga, u-Alexander Vladimirovich Ostrovsky, isithombe sakhe esikulesi sihloko, washiya isikhundla sekhanda lomnyango. Futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva waxoshwa eyunivesithi.

Ngokuxoshwa kwakhe, akazange ahlangane, wamphikisa inkantolo futhi wanqoba. Ngemva konyaka izinceku zikaThemis zakhansela umyalelo wokuxoshwa, u-Ostrovsky ubuyiselwe emuva.

Ngokushesha i-hero ye-athikili yethu ishiye leyunivesithi yedwa, ishukuthela emsebenzini e-University of Telecommunications ebizwa ngokuthi uBonch-Bruevich, futhi itholakala edolobheni neNeva. Njengamanje uyinhloko yomnyango womlando kanye nezifundo zesifunda e-Faculty of Humanities esikhundleni seprofesa kule nyuvesi.

Umsebenzi wezesayensi

Ngemva kokuvikela isazi-mlando salowo ozobhapathizwa, u-Alexander Vladimirovich Ostrovsky waqala ukusebenza emsebenzini wakhe wokudokotela. Ngo-1982, wenza ucwaningo mayelana nokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-capitalist kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, eyenzeka ngasekuqaleni kwe-XIX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. Emsebenzini wakhe, u-Ostrovsky wazama ukuphikisa umqondo owawunjalo ngaleso sikhathi mayelana nesistimu yezilwane kuphela eRussia yangaphambili.

Kusukela okokuqala ukuvikela lo mqondo uhlulekile. Kuthunyelwe ukubuyiswa kabusha. Ngo-December 1983, wanikeza inguqulo ebuyekeziwe, okwakuthiwa lokhu ngokuthi "Ukukhiqiza okusanhlamvu eRussia yaseYurophu ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX-XX." Kodwa lo msebenzi awuzange wamukelwe umphakathi wesayense.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-dissertation

U-Ostrovsky wavikela ingqikithi yakhe yesayensi kuphela kusukela okwesithathu. Umsebenzi ushicilelwe kunguqulo evinjelwe kakhulu. Ekugcineni, yakha isisekelo sencwadi yakhe kwezolimo eNyakatho Yurophu yaseRussia, kuqala ngokuqedwa kwe-serfdom nokuphela ngo-1914.

Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 (kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-2005) u-Ostrovsky uhlele umlando wesayensi othiwa "Kusukela ekujuleni kwesikhathi." Phakathi nale minyaka, izinkinga ezingu-13 zakhishwa, isilinganiso sonyaka ngonyaka.

Amabhuku ka-Alexander Vladimirovich Ostrovsky

Omunye wemisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu ka-Ostrovsky yileveli "Ngubani owayengemuva emuva kukaStalin: Izimfihlo zephansi komhlaba". Kulo, isazi-mlando sagcizelela kakhulu imibhalo engaziwayo, iningi lazo lingakaze lishicilelwe. U-Ostrovsky wayebheka ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ukuvezwa kwezibopho eziyimfihlo phakathi kukaStalin nabameleli bamazwe ase-Armenia naseGeorgia.

Ngomsebenzi wakhe, umbhali walandela ngokucophelela indlela ye-generalissimo yesikhathi esizayo, kusukela ngo-March 1917, lapho uJoseph Dzhugashvili ebuya ekuthunjweni kwaseTurkhansk futhi eqala ukuzibandakanya ngenhlangano yokuguquguquka, ngokushesha ekutholeni ukuthandwa ngaphansi kwegama likaStalin.

Ukuphenya ngolwazi olungavamile lwama-archival, u-Ostrovsky wembula imininingwane eminingi engavamile embikweni we-prerevolutionary of the leader of the Soviet people. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba Revolution wayengeke akwazi ukusebenzisana namaphoyisa amfihlo aseTrans, amanye amlando-mlando ammangalela ngawo. Kodwa umlobi u-Ostrovsky Alexander Vladimirovich ubonisa konke okusemqoka kwe-underground revolutionary, efakazela ukuthi yayinabamele bayo kuzo zonke izigaba zamandla, ngisho nasemnyangweni wamaphoyisa kanye nomjikelezo oseduze we-emperor.

Amabhuku emlandweni weRussia wanamuhla

Ngo-2000, indlu ka-Mikhailov yokushicilela yanyathelisa incwadi ka-Ostrovsky ethi History of Civilizations. Kulo, uveza ukuthi umlando womphakathi uhlobene eduze nomlando womnotho, ngoba ekukhiqizeni, ngezinga elithile ngisho noma manje usebenzise ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu sezwe elinamandla. Ngakho-ke, ngokucacile kuhlaziya umnotho, imfundo, umzabalazo wamaqembu, amakilasi kanye nabantu ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi.

Ngo-2004, wakhulula omunye umsebenzi obalulekile "uSolzhenitsyn: Ukuzikholelwa emlandweni". Le ncwadi yaphelelwa yisikhathi ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi yokubuya komlobi nomboshwa weGulag ezweni lakubo. Encwadini u-Ostrovsky ulandelela indlela yokuphila yonke ye-Nobel laureate. Ukuqaphela ngokukhethekile kubhalwa ukuphikisana kwemvelo yakhe. Ebiza amanoveli akhe ukuba angahlali ngamanga, uSolzhenitsyn ngokwakhe wayevame ukunamathela kule migomo. Kulokhu, amaqiniso amaningi e-biography akhe ahluke kakhulu.

Ukufa kwe-USSR

Izincwadi eziningana zomlando zinikezwa ukuwa kweSoviet Union. Ngo-2008, incwadi ethi "1993: Ukukhishwa kweNdlu eNgcwele" ishicilelwe, iqukethe izinkumbulo zalabo abavikela i-White House, kanye nalabo abadubulayo, baqalekisana, baziphendulele, futhi abaningi banamathele ngamabomu ngamaqiniso athile. Izinto zokugcina izinto, zihlola ubufakazi babahlanganyeli, ngokubuyiselwa ngokoqobo imicimbi yezenzakalo ngomzuzu.

Ngo-2010, u-Ostrovsky ushicilela isifundo esithi "Ubani owabeka i-Gorbachev?". Kulo mzamo uzama ukuvula isembozo sokufihla kokufika kombhali omkhulu wokugcina we-USSR emandleni. Kwabaningi, kuyamangala ngempela ukuthi wakwazi kanjani ukubhekana nabo bonke abaphikisi bakhe ngo-1985. Ngokusho kuka-Ostrovsky, lo ngumhloli wezepolitiki wangempela, emininingwaneni azama ukuyifumana.