Dinar Gold. Le phrojekthi ukwethulwa dinar igolide

Namuhla ingxenye bezimali global linombono wokuthi kubalulekile ukuba zibuyele endinganisweni igolide. Ngakho ngokuthi uhlelo yemali lapho amazwe lwemali isikhonkwane egolideni. Lo mbono ufuna ngaleli "khambi" the inhlekelele yembulunga yonke. Zezomnotho ehlukile ohlongoza ezifana: ezinye zazo zibhekwa igolide dinar umqondo unpromising, abanye bazama nekuwusebentisa.

isizinda theory

Umqondo ukwakha lwemali emazweni amaSulumane ukuthi shoka igolide, akuyona into entsha. Kwathiwa okukhulunywa iKoran: inikeza izincomo amaSulumane iphendukele ukusetshenziswa imali ngesikhathi ukuthengiselana, futhi imali, futhi ukuba ungakhokha intela.

IKoran vala usury, futhi iningi landeli scripture bathi izikweletu iphepha, ababona abathandi bemali. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi yasebhange Islamic kuyinto uhlelo olukhethekile lapho indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu Islamic Bank of Development. It yadalwa amazwe empumalanga 55 lapho imithombo ezinkulu impahla eluhlaza le planethi. I iminotho kula mazwe Muslim likhula ngokushesha, kodwa kuncike kakhulu ku-US dollar. Uma dinar igolide lwaqala, ubudlelwane yayiyobizwa saba ngcono. dinar Yiqiniso kungaba ephakeme kunaleyo izindleko dollar elilodwa. Lokho, kulesi simo, ngaphezu kwezomnotho, kukhona ngemuva zezombusazwe.

Abaphikisi nabasekeli standard igolide

Abanye osomnotho (abaphikisi) bakholelwa ukuthi emhlabeni kukhona supply elilinganiselwe igolide. Futhi uma lemali uyalingana standard igolide lokhu isitokwe eyinsimbi, izogcina ukukhiqizwa ukukhula. Ukukhiqizwa ezingeni "yellow" metal ngezansi ngesilinganiso emnothweni, futhi alondoloza zalo Ukuboshelwa lasakazwa emhlabeni wonke. Movement of dolobha, kunalokho, okuningi ngokukhululekile kunalokho okwake.

Abasekeli bakholelwa ukuthi lwemali igolide kuzosiza usimamise umnotho, ukunciphisa izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, ngoba isimo kuleli cala ngeke kube njengoba fisa khishwa amanothi ayivikelekile of amatshe ayigugu.

Umqondo we standard igolide

It ukubizwa ngokuthi igolide ejwayelekile yemali, lapho main isiphetho izindlela wenza okulinganiselwe igolide. Kulokhu, lesi siqinisekiso sinikezwa ukuthi lwemali umklomelo esilinganayo igolide. State izibalo nomunye ukusetha izinga lokushintshisana ibalwa isilinganiso zezimali zikazwelonke egolideni (komunye iyunithi isisindo).

Umsuka walo ejwayelekile

It is mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu Kunezinhlobo eziningi standard igolide eyaziwa:

1. Eyokuqala - Classic (Uhlamvu lwegolide) lwemali uhlelo olusekelwe zemali zegolide. Njengoba sihambisana nale, ekhishwe imali yamaphepha, okuyinto lwaguqulelwa zemali ngesilinganiso fixed okulotshwe kulezi izikweletu. Lolu hlelo wasebenza kuze kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
2. Kwalandela ejwayelekile gold bullion. Yemaphepha angase umklomelo segolide, isisindo saso 12.5 kg. Inkambo we dinar ngokumelene ruble wayesalokhu hhayi ngokunembile echaziwe.
3. Uhlobo lwesithathu: exchange igolide. Kwavela ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili. Kubaluleka ke babekwa at Bretton Woods: Melika isiveze ukuqinisekisa exchange of zegolide ngesilinganiso $ 35 per 31,1035 amagremu (troy ounce). uthi usebenzisa amabhange yawo eyinhloko kuphela Unelungelo ukushintsha lwemali US igolide. Ngo-August 1971, le misebenzi zimisiwe ngenxa yokungakhokhi ukuhambisana yenani langempela lwemali US igolide. Ngemva konyaka, le ndinganiso ingabe kukhanselwe.

imizamo imvuselelo

Ngemva kwamashumi amabili eminyaka, izwe waphinda baqala ukukhuluma ukuvuselelwa lwemali esenana igolide. Khona-ke banikela ukwethula dinar igolide.

Kungani dinar? Iningi lamazwe Islamic timbiwa uwoyela nezinye izinto bemvelo. Lezimpahla Ukuhwebelana emhlabeni wonke bayadayisa e-US lwemali, ngakho pay izwe izinto zabo zokusetshenziswa yilezi ngamadola wase-US noma ngohlobo izibalo ekulandiseni. Eqinisweni, lezi zibalo azenziwanga yinoma yini, ngakho-ke lokhu kungathembeki kakhulu.

Lokhu kwashukumisa amazwe empumalanga ukuthatha isinyathelo ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukunciphisa ukuncika dollar. Ngo-2002, kwahlongozwa ukwethula dinar igolide njengenhlangano kwamazwe Islamic. Sebenzisa-ke izibalo nsuku zonke akulindelekile. Iphuzu eliyinhloko - lolu hlobo lwemali reserves Central Bank kungaba United okwakukhona amaqembu ohlelweni.

State Islamic lwemali kuhilela ukusetshenziswa inetha izinhlelo. Isisekelo zokugcina - izivumelwano zamazwe amabili phakathi kwezinhlangano lesi sivumelwano. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka negate umbuzo ngokuntuleka igolide ukwenziwa zemali.

Iphuzu laliwukuthi kanje: ensimbini eyigugu kushintshiswane ngoba imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Ukuthutha eyinhloko amandla kukhona Turkey, UAE, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia. Uma dinar igolide lwaqala, kula mazwe iyozuza kakhulu, njengoba babeyothola kuze kube amathani zegolide 20 minyaka yonke.

Naphezu okokuqandisa kwiphrojekthi 2003, e-Malaysia, ekusimo munye, dinar washaywa - uhlamvu, eyakhipha lwemali zomthetho eceleni kazwelonke. Kodwa uhulumeni akazange ayisekele yalolu.

Umqondo uwukuthi emoyeni

Ngo-1990 abameleli iziphathimandla Turkish waqala ukugcizelela ukuba lwemali state Islamic Akukaqali ukusebenza. Kwavezwa ukuthi dinar kuyoba lwemali ye "Islamic Iqembu eyisishiyagalombili." Of umholi waseLibya, uMuammar Gaddafi kuphinde ngokuphindaphindiwe wezwa isifiso ukulahla lwemali European ne-US esivuna kwathatha dinar Islamic.

ukuqaliswa

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, la umqondo wezwe elingaphansi lwemali Islamic wethulwa. Inkampani E-dinar Ltd uvulekele, indlunkulu esemgwaqweni Malaysia.

Le nkampani - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba ebhange, esihlinzeka ithuba ukuguqula imali yabo dinars Nokho, electronic. Isisindo dinar igolide ilingana 4.25 amagremu zegolide. Ngosizo izimali ebhange sika zidluliselwa ku dinars, izibalo ezidingekayo abazenzi ke ungakwazi ukufeza ukuguqulwa reverse.

Abasebenzisi mahhala ukuvula i-akhawunti, wena kuphela kudingeka ukubhalisa futhi ugcwalise ifomu kusayithi. izinkampani Isitoreji ukunikeza inqolobane gold bullion, okuzokwenza ukumboza nezidingo zonke dinars olufanele electronic. Ukuze Eminyakeni lembalwa yekucala kule nkampani yama-akhawunti enamandla eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu ukuvulwa amakhasimende ezivela emhlabeni wonke abikwe. Ngaphandle nje kokuthi isistimu E-dinar sekushiwo nokuthi E-Dirham, ilingana ezintathu amagremu esiliva.

Ukubhebhetheka standard igolide

Ukuphela 2001 kwaphawulwa umkhosi olusemthethweni isingeniso zegolide lwemali esiliva ejikelezayo. Lezi zinhlamvu lisabalaliswe izinkampani ezibhalisiwe ngokukhethekile. Esikhathini Emirates sogu lolwandle futhi Malaysia kakade ingena ukuzungeza le dinar igolide.

Njengoba kulindelekile, uhlobo lwemali ezivamile uthi Islamic ziyokhokhwa ngaphambi kokuqala 2011. Nokho, lokhu akwenzekanga. Usuku isingeniso standard igolide ekwelapheni iye wahlelelwa ekuqaleni 2015, kodwa ke akwenzekanga. Njengoba kulindelekile, esamahhovivi e-Central Bank of ngalolo hlobo lwemali uzobe elise Riyadh, inhloko-dolobha yase-Saudi Arabia.

Umthelela on Russia

Njengoba Bathi isifundo, kakhulu zigcine negolide e-United States (amathani 8.2). Kube sekulandela iJalimane (amathani 3.4). Khona - eFrance nase-Italy (2.4 ne-2.5 amathani, ngokulandelana).

Khuluma dinar igolide kabusha kwavela ngemva lenkinga 2008. Nokho, Ikhodi akusho siphishekele isihloko, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukubukeka lwemali enjalo kwakungatholakala zibulale umnotho wezwe. Cishe zonke izinqolobane zethu we Central Bank of izitolo e-US kanye zezimali European. Ngenxa yalokho, kakhulu ukubukeka dinar exchange rate kanye nomthelela ukuzinza kwezimali zezwe lethu.

Izwe lonke namanje kuncike dollar. Ndawonye kanye naye futhi Russian ubambe ezingaphezu kwesigamu izinqolobane zalo e-US lwemali. Kuze kube manje, akekho ongibonayo lapho enye.

Icala ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla

Phakathi no-2015, cindezela yaqala ukusakaza ulwazi futhi ukuthi insimu ka kwelinye lamazwe Islamic waphinda ufuna ukwethula igolide. Intengo ngamunye $ 139.

osomnotho abaningi bayavuma ukuthi le Kutama khombisa sina ezinhle. Kodwa yini ehlobene ngokoqobo engekho. Ochwepheshe bathi ilapho lapho ibonakala kukho ukwehluleka, ngoba kuthiwa ukukhipha imali, izindleko esesikhundleni isikhonkwane eqinile nakho ngeke kusize ukuba igolide. It kuvela ukuthi wayedinga ukuba kunikelwe ngezinye izinto. Buyela dinar igolide eqolo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuthi intando eyiphepha, okuyinto uzothola ukuqinisa igolide. Njengoba umthamo yohwebo ngaphakathi state Islamic ezincane, zemali zegolide kuzodingeka ukuba unikeze kancane. Khona-ke azame ngivuselele realizable dinar.

Namuhla, noma ubani angaba ukukhipha dinars ayo igolide, ngegolide, 3D-iphrinta, futhi isakhiwo uthunyelwa nge-e-mail noma ubani. Nokho, kuwufanele ke, inqobo nje akucaci.

Ukusabela Russian

In ukubuya, the ruble Russian uhlela ukwethula lwemali entsha. Uhulumeni waseRussia ngo-2015, ukuxoxa kungenzeka ukuvela lwemali entsha eyayizosiza esikhundleni ruble Russian kwezinkokhelo phakathi kwamazwe. Inkambo we dinar ngokumelene ruble namuhla ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 10.7.

Lokhu kuchaza iqiniso lokuthi 2015 ngenkuthalo ebhange central ukuthenga igolide ngoba ensimbini eyigugu ukuthi uyobasekela uhlobo olusha lwemali - ruble igolide.

State Duma ufuna ukushintsha ruble komunye currency kazwelonke ekulinganiseni ekuhwebeni ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqikelela izinga nokwehlisa izinga nokuqagela Ruble phakathi SCO oyilungu, EAEC,-BRICS kuhlongozwa ukwethula kwegazi a ruble igolide. Uyokwazi ekulinganiseni izinga lokushintshisana lapho ukuguqulela euro dollar. Futhi kulindeleke ukuthi lwemali luzoncipha ezingeni yezenzo zokucabangela nalezi nezinye zezimali angaphandle.

Kusukela amazwi amasekela, kwathatha lwemali entsha kuyoba ukuqala kwenkathi ezibalulekile, eyagcina nomthelela kahle emnothweni Russian. Izibonelo banikwa lwemali olulodwa we amazwe aseYurophu.

Lokho lwemali entsha Russian ubonakele, kubalulekile ukuba enze izinguquko kuMthethsisekelo. Ngaphezu ruble igolide kwahlongozwa ukuze uwasebenzise njengasemuva settlement phakathi kwamazwe yuan.

Njengoba sonke ukukhumbula ukusuka maphakathi 2014 ruble waqala ngenkuthalo ukuna. UMongameli ke wayala uhulumeni zifezeke zokuqinisa lwemali kazwelonke, okuyinto kwabangelwa buthakathaka izenzo zokucabangela.

esikhundleni isiphetho

UMuammar Gaddafi kwaba umongameli zokugcina ababefuna ukuba ayiyeke le lwemali US njengoba enkulu izibalo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Uye wasebenza kule isiqondiso - uzama ukubeka kwegazi lo dinar igolide. Ngeshwa, uGaddafi wayengakwazi bona imibono yabo.

zemali Igolide, intengo okuzokwenziwa elisekelwa igolide, ngeke, mhlawumbe Ngokuwa isimiso sezomnotho e-United States. Nokho, namuhla ekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngakho: elinye ithuba dollar namanje akukho.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside njengoba lwemali main izibalo US dollar kwaba phakathi States. Inkulungwane entsha yeminyaka kwaphawulwa obhekwe lwemali entsha - euro. Lwemali European liye laba yindawo World ngokushesha. Ukuvela currency iyunithi entsha ngokuphelele, okuyinto kuyoba sihluke nobunye ubuchwepheshe kanye nokwelashwa nefilosofi, ukwenza "ubudala" ezikhundleni zawo ehamba phambili.

Ikhumbula ikhono emazweni amaSulumane bengathathi ukulawula eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke amanani impahla eluhlaza, shift kuya dinar igolide lamazwe Islamic (amalungu Islamic Development Bank) iyoba ibe usongo olukhulu wokugoqa elibusayo namuhla zezimali.