Amandla kagesi emizi yabantu: olulodwa yomugqa idayagramu. Ukushayela amandla womzalwane

Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, abanikazi izindlu zangasese zazixhunywe emigqeni amandla ngokwabo. Inkampani ukulawula okudingekayo kuphela ukuze usebenzise futhi ufake counter. Namuhla isimo sesishintshile kakhulu. Ukuze kube nokuxhumana kagesi udinga ukunikeza iphrojekthi kwachazwa ukuthi amandla wonke amadivayisi efakwe endlini (boilers, amakholomu, nokunye. Njll). Okungukuthi, iphasela kwemibhalo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole imvume Kuphoqelekile kufanele ihlanganise olulodwa yomugqa umdwebo kohlelo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa sendlela ukwenza kanjalo, nendlela ukuhlela sangasese endlini ugesi ngokuhlakanipha, futhi sizobe ukukhuluma okwengeziwe.

Okusalungiswa indlu ezweni ugesi. Ezintathu okhombisa noma owodwa esigabeni?

Yiqiniso, sekusele iyiphi wesifunda uhambe ukuba ingenzele incwadi uxhumano, uzodinga ukucacisa uhlobo amandla umthombo waso, njalo njalo. D.

Emizini yabazalwane, kanye ezindlini zasemadolobheni, ezintathu okhombisa noma owodwa esigabeni inethiwekhi ingasetshenziswa. Kuleso kanye nezinye izinhlobo ayatholakala kokubili amaphutha kanye izimo zawo. Ekuqaleni, iyiphi inethiwekhi industrial ine izigaba ezintathu. Ngo eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo zivamise kwasakazwa amafulethi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenxa umehluko inani esetshenziswa umthwalo kagesi isigaba babashayeli ngokuvamile ezahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, ngezinye izikhathi ovutha wire hlangothi. Ngo indlu yangasese izinkinga ezinjalo ngokuvamile ziphakame ngoba nomnikazi oyedwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ulawule umthwalo esigabeni ukusatshalaliswa lula kakhulu. Nokho, uma isetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izinkinga inethiwekhi - kuze kube ukwehluleka esebenza ngogesi - singenzeka kuleli cala. kufanele usebenzise isimame ukuthi kuwufanele eqolo ukuvimbela izinkinga ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo ukuthenga imishini nezinto elakhelwe ezintathu okhombisa umugqa. Yikuphi futhi fly imali eningi. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa ezintathu okhombisa ugesi isikimu emizi yabantu okufanele sibe naso lapho lokhu ngempela isidingo. Okusho ukuthi, uma kucatshangwa ukufakwa kumadivayisi enamandla kakhulu noma imishini - imishini, izitofu kagesi, njll ...

Buhle owodwa esigabeni amanethiwekhi kuyinto izindleko iphansana kanye kalula yokusetshenziswa. Ububi - amandla hhayi kakhulu. inethiwekhi okunjalo kufaneleka ukukhweza efulethini elincane noma indlu ezweni.

ezizimele ugesi

Esinye sezimo kubalulekile ukuhlala ukhululekile ahlale kunoma isiphi isakhiwo kuwukuba khona njalo inethiwekhi wamanje. Nokho, ngeshwa, lapho ugesi emizi yabantu wenza wezindleko ukudluliswa line, kukhona ngokuvamile lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana ukuphazamiseka e supply yayo. Indlela enhle aphume kulesi simo kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa ezingeziwe ezimele ugesi. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa:

• UPS. Endabeni ka ukwehluleka amandla iqale idivayisi isebenze ngokushesha futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Generator. Imishini enjalo nolusebenza uphethiloli, udizili noma igesi. Ingase futhi isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo. ukusebenza isikhathi kuncike kuphela inani uphethiloli. Lapho eyanele egaya ugesi angakunikeza amandla ngisho endlini enkulu kakhulu isikhathi eside.

Kanjani ukuze uthole imvume yokuxhuma

Ngakho, nenombolo izigaba, uhlobo ezengeziwe segezi nokunye. D. Unqume. Yini elandelayo? Yiluphi uhlelo indlu yangasese ixhunywe imigqa yokudlulisela? Amandla kagesi kwezindlu izwe inethiwekhi kulawulwa inkampani lokuveza endaweni umthwalo bakuphi. Ukuze wakhe ubuciko futhi ngeke kudingeke ufune, ukuqoqa amaphepha adingekayo. Uhlu kufanele yaziwe kusengaphambili.

Emva kokuthola imibhalo Igridi Inkampani esizolungisa Ukucaciswa lobuchwepheshe ugesi emizi yabantu. Cishe, kuyodingeka uvumelane nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivumelwano sisuke waphetha. Ngemva inethiwekhi efakwe endaweni wavakashela yilabo abamele inhlangano inethiwekhi futhi wenza amasheke yayo ukuze ivumelane izidingo ebekwe ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ne nokubamba iqhaza kwazo zonke. Rostekhnadzor Landelayo wakhipha imvume ukusebenza kwe-network.

olulodwa yomugqa idayagramu

Ukuze uqale, ake sibone ukuthi yini empeleni limelela umdwebo. Single-line umdwebo - lokhu, eqinisweni, isimiso esifanayo, kodwa sentiwe ngendlela elula. Okungukuthi, zonke imigqa single-isigaba kanye ezintathu okhombisa ekhonjiswe ke ngomugqa owodwa. sebhithi okunemininingwane amaqhinga anjalo engekho. Ngakho-ke, kukhona icwecwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunikeza umqondo ngokwanele ecacile kahle indlela ugesi siphela emzini womzalwane.

Kukhona ezinye imithetho for nokulungisa amaqhinga anjalo, lapho sizobe ukukhuluma okwengeziwe. awayona kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa odinga ukukwazi mayelana nabo. Kungenjalo, iphrojekthi angeke amukelwe.

Injongo nokulungiselela kanye nezidingo main eziphoqelelwe

Single-line ugesi wesifunda lendlu yangasese - kuba incwadi ebalulekile okumele wonke umsebenzi ukufakwa kwenziwa. Kufanele kube yokuthi:

• ukuphepha usebenzisa amathuluzi kagesi ngokuya yokuthi umuntu abanjwe ugesi kuqinisekiswa.
• Sasiqinisekiswe engekho ingozi yomlilo ekhaya ngenxa short circuit, ancibilike izintambo, nokunye. D.
• Ngo inqubo besakhiwo abantu ababehlala lapho sakwazi komzamo ukuzisebenzisa zonke kunesidingo zikagesi ezinkulu zesimanje.

Lezi zidingo eziyisisekelo lokhu izidingo dokhumenti.

Iziphi izinhlobo ezikhona

Onjalo lula ugesi wesifunda indlu yangasese kungaba:

• Executive. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kukhetha kakade phakathi ukusebenza kwe-sikhungo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kudingeka wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni wamanje noma ngasizathu simbe kunesidingo zihlinzeke ngolwazi inkampani energosbytnuyu. Ngaphambi ezilandelwayo emgqeni wesifunda kuleli cala nje bahlola ongaboni.
• Isula. isikimu enjalo yenziwa ngaphambi ukufakwa ohlelweni, isibonelo, isakhiwo esisha noma esikhundleni ephelele wiring ubudala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wenza zonke izibalo ezidingekayo (imithwalo, ikhebula cross-izigaba, nokunye. Njll), kanye ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza ezifanele (amadivayisi Ukuvikelwa, nokunye. Njll).

Imithetho sokuhlanganiswa (izimpawu)

Yiqiniso, idwetshwa komugqa yangasese amandla endlini wesifunda ukuze ihambisane nayo yonke imithetho wabeka. Laba kunqunywa GOST 2.702-75 kanye abesebenza kusukela 1988. Bona awucacisanga izimpawu okufanele isetshenziswe bamele umdwebo izakhi ezithile wiring endlini. Ukuze sibonise uxhumano ezintathu okhombisa izindlela ezinjalo singasetshenziswa:

• ewela line ezungeze noma eduze ukuphela yokufaka "3",
• sawela by odwi ezintathu slanted umugqa oqondile.

Ukukhomba izinto zikagesi eziphezu kwamakhabethe contactors, motor temusho, isihlangu esidayisa m. G. Ukusebenzisa kahle izimpawu efanayo kunoma iyiphi enye electroschemes (GOST 2.709).

Yini okufanele abe khona

Single-line idayagramu ugesi emizi yabantu nakanjani kufanele sifake izinto ezilandelayo:

• elektromagistrali uxhumano iphuzu;
• bubonisa le kwidivaysi yokufakwayo futhi wamanje ukalwe endaweni uxhumano;
• uhlobo ikhebula, ubude balo kwesigaba wesi- (kufika ku imitha);
• Ukulahlekelwa voltage yamanani emigqeni;
• Kulinganiselwa namandla langempela VRU, cosφ yabo futhi ulinganiselwe zamanje;
• amadivaysi Ukuvikelwa brand futhi yabo ukalwe zamanje;
• umthwalo ibalwa;
• Ngasemdeni ke ka-ibhalansi;
• uhlobo iKhabhinethi ATS nge inkomba imodi yayo wokusebenza;
• commercial metering nokulawula amadivayisi esetshenziswa.

Udweba kanjani

Yiqiniso, circuit zingathola ephepheni umbusi ipensela. Nokho, kulezi zinsuku kulula ukwenza kukhompyutha noma i-laptop. Kukhona isofthiwe ezahlukene evumela eziyimfihlo zase khaya amandla wesifunda zingenziwa ngokushesha futhi kalula. Ngemva ukudweba nje owaphrinte ku iphrinta. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo "1, 2, 3 wesifunda" kuhloswe ukudala umdwebo olulodwa yomugqa inkinobho, futhi Semiolog ikuvumela ukudala wonke amalebula kunesidingo. Download isofthiwe kusukela website esemthethweni, oqinisekisa ukungabi khona "udoti" nama-virus. Ukufakwa kanye nokusebenzisa mahhala. "1, 2, 3 uhlelo", phakathi kwezinye izinto, evumela:

• ngokuhambisana nezidingo umzimba eyolanda iphaneli kagesi;
• unomsebenzi amadivaysi Modular;
• ichaze isigaba sabefundisi uxhumano zokugcina;
• ukwakha wesifunda esiphelele.

Uhlelo semininingwane siphelelwe yisikhathi izihloko aqinisekisiwe nezinto ezidingekayo.

ekubalweni imithwalo

Ngakho, ekulungiseleleni olulodwa yomugqa endlini amandla wesifunda kuyodingeka enze ukubala of imithwalo, voltage ukulahlekelwa, ukucacisa nomthamo imishini kanye ikhebula cross-section. Ukuze ufunde indlela yokukwenza, sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe.

Zokuhlala zangasese endlini, ugesi okuyinto kungenziwa noma ngokusebenzisa owodwa isigaba noma ezintathu okhombisa nge inethiwekhi, yebo, uzobe ifakwe ezihlukahlukene zikagesi. Ukuze abale umthwalo emgqeni, tente amandla abo futhi uhlukanise voltage. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthola wamanje kunesidingo. Ukwazi kwakhe, ngokusho amatafula ekhethekile, ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi inethiwekhi akuyona kakhulu, futhi lapho ikhebula iyadingeka ukuze wiring. Ukubala kufanele bacabangele hhayi kuphela nomthamo zikagesi ezikhona, kodwa futhi ehlela ukuthenga esikhathini esizayo.

Kwamanye enamandla kakhulu ekhaya Imishini, isibonelo, umshini wokuwasha, isitofu noma kubhayela ukuthi uhamba phambili ukufinyelela ikhebula ehlukile. Ngokuvamile ipotimende ehlukile futhi kuyiswe imishini ehhovisi. Endabeni ukusetshenziswa egalaji noma izindlu yimuphi umshini wobuchwepheshe, njengoba sekushiwo, kusebenza a ezintathu okhombisa ugesi emizi yabantu.

Kanjani ukuze ukhethe inethiwekhi ikhebula

Ukuze owodwa isigaba uxhumano uzodinga yesaha ngamafutha babashayeli ezintathu ngoba ezintathu okhombisa, - ngokulandelana, nge emihlanu. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa project, kubalulekile ukukhetha ikhebula efanelekayo cross-section (guided PUE). Le nkomba zingatholakala kumathebula ekhethekile, kuye ngokuthi wamanje. Oku-ngekhompyutha ububanzi okwakufuneka umqhubi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuvumelana ifomula d = k × mina + 0,005. Lapho k - isici njalo umqhubi metal. Ngokwesibonelo, i-copper ke ilingana 0,034. I incwadi iyona wamanje.

Thengisa izintambo, usebenzisa uhlelo wokulinganisa akuyona ububanzi nesigaba esiphambanweni. Yingakho kukhona sizobuye kudingeka sithole kahle. Ngenxa yale njongo kukhona ifomula S = 0,785 × D2.

izibalo olwandulelayo kungenziwa okusekelwe yokuthi ngayinye milimitha square zethusi wire kungase kuhilele 10, i-aluminiyamu - 7 A. Ekusebenteni enethiwekhi evame ukusetshenziswa wire 2.5 mm ² kanye 1.5 mm ngokubukeka kokukhanyisa ^2.

Ukukhethwa Inserter

Ixhuma amandla supply emizi yabantu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa senceku. Zimelela zezindlu metal lapho ababuthelwa amadivayisi ekwakheni ukuphathwa amapayipi. Amamodeli usebenza kuhlanganise umsebenzi wokusabalalisa, ngokuthi Verkhovna Rada. Idivayisi yokufakwayo ogibele isigxobo noma amandla umugqa, noma eduze isakhiwo.

Uma ukhetha i-VRU endlini yangasese, igezi ukuthatha isinyathelo ukuze uphephe futhi ungaphazanyiswa, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele:

• Ubukhulu voltage line. Ngu izindlu zasemaphandleni ngokuvamile fed emgqeni 220 V
• ifrikhwensi. Lokhu njalo futhi 50 Hz.
• Imodi Ngiphakathi nendawo. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i uhlobo isisekelo. Engxenyeni ezimele ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ku isikimu TN-C. Kulesi zero kanye umqhubi phansi kwelinye umqhubi elula. Ukuhlukana wenziwa ngaphakathi inceku yawo.
• Imininingwane wamanje isekhethi. I kagesi izibalo isifunda sasivame acabangele isekhethi ku esigabeni babashayeli ezintathu nginomdlandla. Izibalo zenziwa ngokuvumelana amafomula ezikhethekile.
• Kufakiwe umthamo.

Ngo TN-C izinhlelo, lapho 220 V ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa olulodwa-pole wesifunda full ukuvulwa, nge 380 - tripolar. Esimweni sokuqala ukubala iyunithi amandla okokufaka ibalwa ifomula P mina = P r / U f × cos f (lapho f U - isigaba voltage, Kk - TDP, Cos f -active / amandla esisheshayo). Amandla lokungeniswa apharathasi inethiwekhi 380 enikezwa Ip = Kk / (√3xUhx cos Q) (lapho Uh - voltage inethiwekhi).

Lamanje ukalwe kumele kube 10% ngaphezulu kwenani ibalwa. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokugcina enikezwa: I p = mina TR × 1.1.

izihlangu AVR

Amandla kagesi uhlelo lendlu yangasese ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa timphawu. ATS panel zenzelwe ukunikeza amandla isipele ngesikhathi ukwehluleka amandla umthombo oyinhloko. okokufaka engeziwe yalezi amadivaysi kungenziwa exhunywe kokubili inethiwekhi fixed kanye generator. Kukhona lezi zinhlobo amabhodi:

• Njengoba kuqala okokufaka kuqala. Kulokhu, lapho ugesi sikokufaka eyinhloko ngokuzenzakalelayo sekuqalile kokubekwe eceleni. Endabeni inqubo yamanje emuva.
• Ayikho into eza kuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lapho voltage okokufaka eyinhloko livela kuyo, amadivayisi enjalo esitshalweni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Le nqubo kuleli cala senziwa ngesandla.
• Nge partitioning. Ngo mishini, amandla ihlinzekwa nge uhlelo inkinobho, ogibele bushings. Uma amandla voltage bakhona kubo iqala ukusebenza inkinobho lwesithathu sokusebenzisa voltage abathengi deenergised ne input msebenzi.
• Nge DSU. Kulokhu, lapho ukuhluleka voltage generator ugijima kokubili imibono. Lapho main amandla sokubuyiselwa, uhlelo ubuyela isimo sokuqala. Amandla kagesi emizi yabantu usebenzisa ongakhetha ezinjalo kuyoba ungaphazanyiswa kunoma isiphi isimo.

Ezahlukene panel AVR, phakathi kwezinye izinto, can futhi abulawe. Ukuze wamanje 25-160 A esetshenziswa uhlanganyela models 160-400 A - phansi. Izintambo kukhona input bese okukhipha ngokusebenzisa dweba e phansi izindlu. Hardware igibele iphaneli ekhethekile ngaphakathi iKhabhinethi.

Imithetho eyisisekelo izintambo zikagesi

Yiqiniso, amandla supply emizi yabantu ngezandla zabo kumele yakhelwe nge yonkhe imitsetfo ledzingekako. Kumayelana, futhi ukuhlinzwa ezifana cabling yamagceke. Ngqo ukuze wiring endlini lufakwa ngembobo esodongeni. Izakhiwo cabling kungcono ukudonsa ku amashubhu linamathele udonga phakathi ukwakhiwa. Kulokhu-ke kuyoba lula esikhundleni sanoma yiziphi wire unserviceable uma kunesidingo. ipayipi ngalinye kumele ligcwaliswe ikhebula bengekho ngaphezu kwama-40%. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukususwa lula. ngezinye izikhathi wiring nencwadi ukukhwezwa for ophahleni okwesikhashana noma ukungezwani ngasezindongeni abagqoke nge plasterboard ku uzimele, nokunye. D. Iphinde isebenzisa plastic noma insimbi tube.

I yangaphakathi amandla supply indlu yangasese ezenziwe ngokhuni ibangelwa Wiring wiring evulekile. ngaleyo ndlela Izintambo ukunweba iziteshi ekhethekile eyenziwe ngepulasitiki. Ukuphakama isikhundla sabo ezindongeni akuyona zilandele izilinganiso ezithile. Ngo isiteshi esisodwa akukwazi kanyekanye ngilulekela ukukhanyisa, amandla low-voltage izintambo. Ezindaweni lapho amagatsha futhi endaweni evulekile futhi irherho le-closed ukukhwezwa amabhokisi.