Kuyini isisekelo okugeza kakhulu ukukhetha izici ukufakwa

Kungakhathaliseki isakhiwo okuhloswe, isisekelo okunokwethenjelwa njalo inquma ukuqina yayo. Kahle ukuthola ukuthi isisekelo ngaphansi okugeza kungcono - akuyona umsebenzi olula for yimuphi umakhi. Ikakhulukazi asemrarweni ekuletheni inhlabathi eziyinkimbinkimbi (Peat noma ugonyuluka).

Yiziphi izici nomthelela ekukhethweni kuka isisekelo?

Basesohlelweni ukuklama zokugeza ngokuyinhloko kunikeza ukuhlolwa Inhloso ka lezi zinto ezilandelayo ukuthi omubi kungathinta izinga isisekelo, uma kungalungile ukukhetha.

1. I zeqhwa phansi ukujula. It kuncike esifundeni kanye laziwe kubo bonke. inhlabathi ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ebusika lapho amanzi phansi peremerzat uqale. Lezizibonakaliso kungabonwa ugonyuluka emifantwini komgwaqo etholakala eduze noma kwi izindunduma zenhlabathi.
2. Izimpawu inhlabathi ngokuvamile aziwa, uma kukhona zakhelwe izindlu futhi ungacela abakhi. Uma kubi, uyonquma izingqimba phezulu, kuze kukhona izingqimba okuqinile. kwezindlela ezikahle distending phansi ikhefu ukuze ezingeni okokuqandisa ne embhedeni ngohlalwane nesihlabathi. Lesi sakamuva isetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi njengoba kukusiza nokulinganisa umthwalo. Underestimating ugonyuluka kungaholela Ushintsho isisekelo. Ngisho ukusonteka yakhe encane kuholela ukubukeka imifantu izindonga, emthambekeni futhi offset ukuvuleka. Ukuze nenhlabathi ejulile evamile Amabhukumaka eyanele 0.5 m.
3. Izinga komhlaba. Amanzi has nethonya elilimaza kakhulu ukhonkolo, kubalulekile ukuqala noma ukufaka amanzi isakhiwo ezisekelweni zezingodo.

Isisekelo ngaphansi lokugeza izandla: yimuphi ongcono

Ukuze sikhethe kahle we isisekelo okugeza, kubalulekile ukuba bajwayelane izici of kohlobo ngalunye.

1. Strip isisekelo

Lapho ekhetha isisekelo ngaphansi okugeza kungcono kakhulu, iningi eyeka kuleli fomu. Lokhu kudinga izindleko eliphansi, futhi angasiza zonke kwenziwe ngezandla zakhe. umthwalo Uniform kanye nomklamo elula ukwakha izisekelo ezinokwethenjelwa ukwakhiwa encane.

Ukuze izindonga esindayo eyenziwe izisekelo ezijulile ngaphansi okugeza. Yikuphi okungcono, uma indlu wenziwe ngokhuni? Nansi melkozaglublenny ekahle (50 cm) imithwalo amancane.

Isisekelo siqinile nasemhlanganweni. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka luncanyelwa ngoba ayidingi imishini ezengeziwe kuye, futhi ukwakhiwa Monolithic has enokwethenjelwa. Ngokuba amabhati etholakalayo anhlobonhlobo izinto:

• aphathekako;
• amabhodlela;
• imfucumfucu aphathekako;
• isitini.

Ithimba sisiba phezu block kasimende. Ukuze isisekelo suit okugeza laying kusuka isitini corpulent abomvu.

2. pier isisekelo

Uma endaweni yokuqala kukhona emnothweni nesivinini ukwakhiwa, izigxobo zitholakala umbuzo kuqala uhlelo lokho isisekelo ngaphansi okugeza kungcono. Lokhu kukhetha futhi kabanzi esetshenziswa ngokudala nezandiso endlini futhi ukwakhiwa ipulazi abenziwe ngokhuni Foam. He is kahle ukuba inkinga inhlabathi.

Yinqwaba phansi nesenzakalo inhlabathi ehlala njalo ukujula. Ziyakwazi izingongolo ezibizayo, kodwa womshini isimiso kuyafana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wenza nokufakwa zaziwa kahle kakhulu futhi wenza ukhonkolo.

Top eyenziwe kwagcizelela ukhonkolo isihlenga isisekelo, kodwa ukwakhiwa engasindi angakhiqiza ke kusukela ugodo. Ukuze ukuvuvukala izingqimba engenhla kwenhlabathi akazange kuthinte isakhiwo, igebe kudalwa ngaphezu komhlabathi. Kufanele uhlinzeke sokuvikelwa izinkuni kusuka umswakama.

3. setshe isisekelo

Okuhlezi emqondweni setshe Monolithic siyamanisa kahle engalingani umthwalo ukufuduka inhlabathi. Akukona deform kakhulu le isisekelo sesakhiwo. Ngezansi yokululama ungqimba adalwe kusuka ukugcwaliswa isihlabathi. Ngokuba amabhati it is kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa ngoba yakhelwe imithwalo esindayo futhi eqolo ukusetshenziswa impahla.

4. Base ku isikulufa yinqwaba

Okusanda kuyanda isikulufa yinqwaba efakwe phakathi nesikhathi esifushane. Akudingeki pre-ukwelashwa endaweni kanye imishini kwemithombo, okuyinto kunciphisa impahla kanye zabasebenzi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele uchithe ku ukuthengwa kanye ukufakwa yinqwaba nge inqubo ekhethekile. ukufakwa ncwadi zingenza, uma unokungenayo ezinhle enhlabathini. Ngokuvamile, isikulufa yinqwaba zinhle isabelomali inketho ukwakhiwa okugeza. Ukufakwa kuthatha izinsuku 1-3 kuphela, lapho ungakwazi ngokushesha ukwakha.

Yini engcono ukwenza isisekelo ngaphansi okugeza. Ukwakhiwa base

Ukuze uhlobo ngayinye idinga siqu ukwakhiwa isisekelo ubuchwepheshe yayo.

1. kwesigaba Ilungiselela kuyakhiwa

Uzungu ukwakhiwa ukulungiselela, kuzo zonke izimo, ngaphandle base isikulufa, lapho kumbiwa is hhayi lwenziwa. inhlabathi Black asuswe 15 cm, base kuqondiswa futhi wenza mshini.

2. obandayo strip isisekelo

Lapho ukwakhiwa ngokuqinile overstates intengo sokwenza umsebenzi, ikhasimende iqala ukuba bacabange ngalokho kungcono kakhulu ukwenza isisekelo lokugeza izandla. Band base Monolithic is ezifaneleke sibonga lula ukwakhiwa elandelayo.

1. Trenching. Ubukhulu yabo zincike ezimeni phansi futhi ilayisha.
2. Ukulungiselela base. Ukudala umcamelo isihlabathi. Layer ukushuba for melkozaglublennogo isisekelo 300 mm.
3. Ukufakwa shuttering ukuphakama 50 cm. Kubalulekile ukwenza ngisho elingenhla ezingeni ovundlile, ukuze kamuva kwaba lula babeka izindonga.
4. Ukubeka elincane ungqimba ukhonkolo ngezansi futhi ukufakwa lathing armature. Ukugcwalisa ivolumu zonke formwork.
5. Nokuvikela engaphansi kwamanzi. Indlela elula ngiyibeka phezu ezimbili zamatshe ukufulela impahla.

3. Ukufakwa pier isisekelo

Ukuze hhayi ucabanga ukuthi isisekelo esihle kunazo zonke okugeza, futhi ungakwenza kanjani lokho, ungavele uhlale inketho nge izinsika njengoba edume kakhulu futhi elula.

isizinda columnar kwenziwa kanje.

1. Ibala inani izingongolo (i okugeza isilinganiso -. Amayunithi Okungenani 8 ngokuhlukile izindonga zangaphakathi).
2. Drilling imithombo kuya okungenani 1 m ukujula.
3. Ukukhiqizwa isiguqo isihlabathi 250 mm.
4. Ufaka izinsika isitini, imfucumfucu noma ekubunjweni ngokhonkolo.
5. Ihlola ezingeni ovundlile emhlabeni isisekelo.

4. Ukukhweza base isikulufa

Ukuze uthole isisekelo ngaphansi okugeza, okuyinto kangcono inkinga zenhlabathi, zonke ngokushesha ukukhumbula mayelana isikulufa yinqwaba. Ngekusetjentiswa kwabo ukwakha isakhiwo, ngisho emaxhaphozini. Ngemva screwing emhlabathini bangakwazi nje ukwakha isakhiwo kanje.

1. Kukhethwa isikulufa yinqwaba. Ubude yabo kufanele sibe ngaphezu of okokuqandisa ukujula, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1.5 m.
2. Yinqwaba obuphelele kabani ingeqi 2.5 m, kungenzeka kwenze izinto isikulufa ngesandla. Nale ukusingatha abantu abangu-2, kanti eyesithathu wukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho misalignment.
3. Phela ezisekelweni are screwed emhlabathini, rangefinder eliqinisekisiwe ezingeni ovundlile.
4. Ngaphakathi yinqwaba metal ligcwele izinsika ukhonkolo isixazululo.
5. Lapho ukhonkolo Uqinisa, le yinqwaba ukuba ashiselwe ekupheleni izindonga grillage ovundlile kwesiteshi ngokuxhumanisa base e isakhiwo Monolithic nge iyunifomu umthwalo wokusabalalisa.

5. Production grillage lezisekelo columnar futhi isikulufa

Ukwenza isinqumo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi isisekelo esihle kunazo zonke okugeza ukukhetha, ungakhohlwa isisekelo isihlenga, kuyinto ebaluleke ingxenye. Naye wanikelwa akhethwa okusekelwe izici isakhiwo, izindleko kanye namakhono.

Okuhlezi emqondweni ukhonkolo isihlenga isisekelo iyona enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi inzuzo base isakhiwo. Ukuze ukufakwa edingekayo izinto zalo:

• nokufakwa kwayo;
• wire ngoba ngibopha;
• nosimende aphathekako;
• iphaneli amafomu.

On isethi inqwaba wathungela metal anezikhala ukuqinisa e nokwanda kuka- 15-30 cm emhlabeni azungezwe ukwakhiwa. It is kuvikelwe ukuba mortgage usufakwa yinqwaba yamba phezulu izimbobo, uma Helical. Futhi efanelekayo ufakwa esibondeni, futhi abopha ngeziswebhu longitudinal. Nge yinqwaba ukhonkolo Ligation kwenziwa ngesiswebhu projecting ku armature kuphelile.

Formwork efakwe ngokuphelele futhi kuqondaniswe unqenqema. Ngokulandelayo, ukhonkolo ethela: kuqala ngaphakathi ikholomu, bese - ku formwork. Emikhawulweni yinqwaba zitholakala ngaphakathi dwala.

Grillage izingodo livame ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo lokhuni. Indaba omisiwe izakhi preliminarily akhethiwe emincane futhi wenze ukusikeka ngokujoyina yokuvala. Khona-ke akusho amakhona isihlenga isisekelo ikusasa futhi baqala ukubophela nomunye wabo. Bruce ijoyina kubakaki noma emakhoneni futhi amakhanda inqwaba - nge bolts.

Grillage kwesiteshi kwenzelwa nakha izindlu ngamatshe abaziweyo, njengoba umelana umthwalo. Ubizwa kahle ashiselwe ezindongeni ekupheleni isikulufa yinqwaba.

Amathiphu ambalwa

Lapho esakhiwe izisekelo ngaphansi okugeza, ochwepheshe iseluleko kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme amaphutha.

1. Isisekelo esithandweni kule okugeza yehlukile main, ukuze ukusonteka kwabo akuvumelani nomthelela nomunye.
2. Ukuze sezwe eziyinkimbinkimbi kangcono isikulufa yinqwaba.
3. A ungqimba of isiguqo ngaphansi kwesisekelo isehlane kusukela silting geotextile.
4. Bath ifakwe empompini kwendle eqoqweni in the ithangi komhlaba ngaphandle phansi, benethuba kokushiya phansi.

isiphetho

Isisekelo okugeza akunzima eyolanda ngenxa ezihlukahlukene enkulu imiklamo. Kodwa akukho impendulo eyodwa yombuzo anjani isisekelo ngaphansi okugeza kungcono. Ukukhethwa uhlobo ezifanele kuchazwe kwesakhiwo izici, izakhiwo kanye amathuba inhlabathi Umakhi.