Article 210 we Criminal Code. Inhlangano yomphakathi lobugebengu (nenhlangano yezigelekeqe esebenza) noma ukubamba iqhaza kuwo (kuwo)

I isakhiwo zobugebengu share amafomu yalo ehleliwe impela iphesenti eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje, cishe lokhu kuthambekela kuyinkinga enkulu. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi abantu emhlabeni lobugebengu kunalokho ngokushesha asuswe ukusuka amaqembu disparate ukuba ngobuchwepheshe isihambile, imiphakathi ebumbene. On ingozi yabo okusezingeni eliphezulu yezenhlalakahle kubonisa inani elikhulu izenzo labizwa ngokuthi esinzulu. . Ake sicabangele ngokuningilizwe ngokwengeziwe nomqondo umphakathi lobugebengu.

Uhlolojikelele

была криминализирована только в 1996 г. В этой связи данный состав считается относительно новым, требующим анализа и осмысления. Inhlangano yomphakathi iselelesi sasibulawa izigebengu kuphela ngo-1996 Kulo mongo, ukwakheka ubhekwa empeleni esasisesisha, ezidinga ukuhlaziywa kanye reflection. являются одним из опаснейших видов криминальной деятельности. Manje waqaphela ukuthi umphakathi isigebengu e IRussia ingelinye lamazwe izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu yesenzo sobugebengu. Bona impinge ngokuyinhloko sphere sokuziphatha, somthetho, ezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki ukuphila. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uMbuso akekho futhi ngeke kube khona lolu hlobo lobugebengu. Ngakho, isikhathi eside bekungelona isihloko ochwepheshe cwaningo. Kule ndaba, kungaba ngemcondvo nobe practice, izwe yayingawulungele ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

definition

Okwamanje, imfundiso akusho ukuthuthukisa imiqondo ecacile futhi jikelele omphakathi lobugebengu. Izakhi ezakha definition, heterogeneity ezahlukene. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, okushiwo eside ukugaya bonke ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuhambisana isipiliyoni international, yasekhaya isipiliyoni esiwusizo, ukuhlaziya isimo lobugebengu kukwazi ukwakhiwa encazelweni ejwayelekile. представляет собой объединение устойчивых, управляемых групп лиц, занимающихся совершением неправомерных деяний как бизнесом, создающих с помощью коррупции систему защиты от общественного контроля. Inhlangano ka isigebengu umphakathi okungukuthi union wesitebela elawulwa amaqembu abantu abahileleka ekuziphatheni ikhomishana ekhubazekile izenzo njengoba ibhizinisi osungulwe elonakele simiso ukuvikelwa komphakathi kokuhlolisisa.

ingozi

представляет большую угрозу для общества. Inhlangano yomphakathi lobugebengu uyingozi kakhulu umphakathi. I degree of ingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi namaqiniso futhi kulinganiselwa ngisho yilabo ihambisana kokulwisana. Usongo sivezwe kungasiko inombolo ekwebeni, ephanga noma ukweba. Ingozi endaweni yokuqala yokungena kwi igunya nokulawula. – это внедрение коррупции в государственные структуры. Inhlangano yomphakathi lobugebengu - iyisingeniso inkohlakalo izakhiwo isimo. Ukhuthaza noqhekeko kohlelo kwamandla, phansi ngokomoya. Special ithonya ubugebengu obuhleliwe has entsheni.

Izimpawu umphakathi lobugebengu

Izimfanelo ukhiye zalesi simo yilezi:

1. Kuqondiswe maqondana ikhomishana izenzo ehlelekile emthethweni.
2. Njalo Generating engenayo.
3. Kumiswa endaweni ethile ithonya noma ukulawula noma iyiphi indawo, ukuphathwa, ukukhiqiza futhi umkhakha wemboni.

Lezi zici tiyasebentisana futhi kuhlobene. Umgomo Wrongfulness njalo ukuthola imali kubandakanya ikhomishini esihleliwe izenzo. Impumelelo, yona, silawula ngumuntu umkhakha ethile noma mkhakha womsebenzi.

ngokucacile

Kukhona isimo sokunquma eziningana ngawo nobugebengu obuhleliwe ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zobugebengu. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Ngemabomu futsi pre-okuhleliwe ukuziphatha emthethweni.
2. Ukuhlanganisa izinhlangano abenza izenzo izindima therebetween. Ngaleyo ndlela yakha uhlelo phezulu ubudlelwane.
3. ukuthuthukiswa okuqondiswe izinyathelo ukuze azivikele ukuchayeka, ngokuletha abantu ababenze ukuba ubulungisa ngaphansi Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
4. предполагает создание управленческих структур внутри объединения. Inhlangano yomphakathi lobugebengu ihlanganisa ukwenziwa izakhiwo zokuphatha enhlanganweni. Lokhu idedela okuthiwa Echelon phezulu. и приближенные к нему лица) осуществляют руководящие функции, не имея прямого отношения к конкретным противоправным действиям. nabameleli bayo (umholi weqembu isigebengu futhi umuntu abasondelene naye) imisebenzi esiphezulu ngaphandle maqondana ngqo ukuze imisebenzi ethize emthethweni. Linikeza kubo kungabi ndaba zalutho.
5. Ukuba khona kwezinkambiso ezivamile ukuziphatha kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo enhlanganweni.
6. Ubude imali izimali. Izimali zitshalwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zobugebengu ezisetshenziswa usekela impahla kubahlanganyeli. Ukutholakala capital ihlinzeka elibona nxazonke jikelele lobugebengu nobugovu kwezomnotho orientation izenzo.
7. Monopolization, ukwandisa kwenkululeko izinto ezingekho emthethweni, umphakathi nokubambisana emikhakheni eyehlukene, ukwethulwa ngomgunyathi kwezimpahla namasevisi.
8. Ukudala neliqinisayo izici ezihilela kusilela kwezomnotho.
9. Ukusebenzisa iziteshi ezisemthethweni for "ukugeza izandla ngokuthi" kusho atholwe ngokungemthetho.
10. ukusabalalisa Active nemibono lobugebengu ejele kanye.
11. Ukunikeza impahla kanye nokwesekwa zokuziphatha ukuze amalungu omphakathi abangekho abasemajele nasemajele.
12. Iziphazamiso umphakathi ezincane (isihlobo ukuba isimo ubugebengu) izinkinga.
13. Owenza emthethweni ubudlelwano umkhakha kwezomnotho ukuphathwa futhi umthetho.

Lezi zimpawu yilezi bha umehluko phakathi banditry kule nhlangano yomphakathi lobugebengu.

Izici wempilo

Abophiko olusebenza ngobugebengu obuhleliwe kubonakala izenzo umphakathi lobugebengu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe uqaphele heterogeneity lomkhuba. Ifomu ongatheni, luwumphumela eyinkimbinkimbi isebenze imiphakathi amasela, abashushumbisi kanye nabanye abantu. Ngalinye ezifana inhlangano imisebenzi ngaphandle. Ukuze ifomu ngokugcwele lomkhuba emelelwa emtsetfweni ezinkulu, izinhlelo zomphakathi. Kulezi izakhiwo bangase benze inhlanganisela okulingana ukuba nobuhlobo ezithile. In izinhlelo ezimweni eziningi, kukhona imiphakathi ukuthi uphathe zazo siqu. Ukuxhumana mpo kulezi izakhiwo.

nokubumbana yangaphakathi

Kusekelwe angase alale nezinkolelo ezihlukile kwezakhe futhi imibono. Ngalo mqondo, ubugebengu obuhleliwe ubhekwa jikelele. Ihlanganisa lenqwaba izinhlobo ezahlukene amacala. Njengoba ubufakazi bezinga eliphezulu nokubumbana kukhona ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi lwenhlangano phezulu, khona amanani amakhulu zemali in kwegazi, uxhumano nabomthetho futhi iziphathimandla zokuphatha. Kusukela izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Art. 35 (ch. 4) Criminal Code, kusobala ukuthi njengoba umphakathi lobugebengu izenzo iqembu ukuthi yadalelwa izenzo kubhekwe ithuna noma ithuna ikakhulukazi, kanye inhlangano eziningi zalezo zinhlangano kwakhiwa ngenjongo efanayo.

sakhiwo sangekhatsi

Umphakathi lobugebengu kubhekwa njengendlela ukubonakaliswa ezingeni eliphakeme lobugebengu obuhleliwe. It has a eziyinkimbinkimbi Sakhiwo sangekhatsi. Umphakathi kuhlanganisa lwenhlangano zokuphatha, ezihambisana nokwenza ngqo amayunithi. Iyunithi yokuqala kuhlanganisa ukuphathwa ezimbili zamasu kanye zamanje. Imisebenzi yokugcina ukuqaliswa ethize izindlela lasetjentiswako lobugebengu umsebenzi, ukungenisa ku-akhawunti ama-asethi nokusesha i yabo utshalomali iziteshi, ukuqapha nokulandela lolungakahleleki izinkambiso, ukuqasha ezintsha abantu, ukuxazulula izisebenzi izinkinga, nokunye. Strategic ukuphathwa kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa jikelele orientation imisebenzi. Lokhu block icushiwe ukukhiqiza amaqhinga we ubugebengu, emakamu kusho ukulawula imali yabo kanye nezindleko. Wabuye washayelwa ukuphoqelelwa zokumelana bomthetho.

iyunithi asizayo

It wenza imisebenzi ukuphepha ekusebenzeni nomphakathi. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu iyunithi lucwaningo counterintelligence. Ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihilelekile izigebengu professional, wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa. Asizayo iyunithi amasethi elonakele nezokuxhumana. Zinikeza ukwaziswa mayelana ukuvuza yezenzo okuphenya ka abomthetho, ukususwa noma ukubhujiswa kwalabo noma nanoma yimiphi eminye imiqulu zenqubo ye amacala obugebengu ngokuvamile, ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nofakazi kanye izisulu ingcindezi kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho isixhumanisi asizayo has ukuhlola. Kuyinto ukuthola indawo okuphula lezinto, kokuhlola zezisulu ezingaba khona.

abaculi

Zenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. amaqembu Guide kanye izenzo ezithile.
2. Ezokuphepha, ezokuthutha, ukudayiswa izinto, okuyinto zazitholakala ngokungemthetho.
3. Imisebenzi zibambisana ngendlela edlulela ngalé futhi ukuba balamuli.
4. ukulungiselela Direct nasekubulaleni izenzo ezingekho emthethweni.

Art. 210 we Criminal Code: inhlangano yomphakathi lobugebengu

Criminal Code sihlinzekela athwale icala labo abaye wadala wangena inhlangano lobugebengu. Kulokhu, ngeke kube nankinga uma enzile noma yiziphi izenzo ekhubazekile noma cha. Lokhu imithetho isibopho sezomthetho setha:

1. Ngoba indalo wenhlangano lobugebengu ukuba benze amacala, izinto ngokungathí sina ngokukhethekile noma ithuna, khaphi them noma ufake amayunithi kwesakhiwo, ukwakha iqembu abaphathi noma nabanye abameleli ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ukuqaliswa nokungena emthethweni.
2. . Ukuhlanganyela inhlangano lobugebengu. Ikakhulu, libhekisela entry inhlangano lobugebengu, isakhiwo noma ezinye control unit.
3. Lenza izenzo ngenhla ngendaba isikhundla sakhe sabaprofethi.

izincazelo

Kumiswa inhlangano kuhilela ukunxenxa sabantu ukusungula izinjongo lobugebengu. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona esisemthethweni ubulungu nenkanuko edlulele ngokunikeza isifungo sokwethembeka. Ubuholi kanye nomphakathi izakhiwo, unamalungu, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo sobugebengu, ukusatshalaliswa kwamaqhaza nezindima phakathi kwamalungu, kwencazelo ukwephula izinto. Iphinde kusho akunika izabelo namalungu ajwayelekile izinkomba. Ekudaleni inhlangano abaholi noma nabanye abameleli amaqembu ukwandiswa yabo imizamo, ukuhlanganiswa imisebenzi, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa kwakunguNk lobugebengu isinyathelo kubhekwa aphakeme uhlobo ukubonakaliswa lesi simanga. РФ (ч. 1). Ukujoyina futhi ihlanganisa Article 210 of Criminal Code (Art. 1).

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

предполагают дачу согласия стать членом объединения, присутствовать на заседаниях и совещаниях, при разработке планов совершения деяний, исполнение заданий, полученных от руководителей. Inhlangano wenhlangano lobugebengu noma iqhaza ehilela therein ukunikela imvumo ukuba abe ilungu lale nhlangano, ukuba khona emihlanganweni nokuhlanganyela izingqungquthela, ukuthuthukiswa izenzo izinhlelo, ukukhishwa imisebenzi etholakele ukuphathwa. Njengoba into jikelele nokuhlaselwa yokuphepha, oqondile - ubuhlobo lapho Ukuvikelwa lomuntu oyedwa, umphakathi, isimo kanye nempahla. Inhlangano wenhlangano lobugebengu noma iqhaza ngayo isimo ezisemthethweni kufanele bajeziswe ngokuhambisana ingxenye yesithathu amazinga ngenhla. Lokhu Ukwakheka kusikisela yokungena phakathi kwezinye izinto emandleni, izithakazelo umphakathi, imisebenzi ye indawo ohulumeni, omasipala kanye nama-ejenti kahulumeni, usebenza izakhiwo kwezohwebo kanye nezinye.

Izinyathelo ukudala inhlangano

Kumiswa umphakathi Kwenziwa:

1. Ukuthola izikhali, imishini yezokuxhumana, imifaniswano, izimoto, amadokhumenti.
2. Ukuthuthukisa Sakhiwo sangekhatsi, uhlela imisebenzi.
3. Ukusatshalaliswa izindima phakathi amalungu kasoseshini ekulungiseleleni nangokwenza izenzo ngqo.
4. Ukwethulwa ukuzithiba nezijeziso ukuphulwa.
5. Ukwakheka mshini zezimali, impahla kanye nokwesekwa yokudla.
6. Ukusungula imigudu yokuxhumana eqinile phakathi abahlanganyeli kanye izingxenyana kwesakhiwo omphakathi.
7. Inhlangano umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa esikhundleni kwezikhulu (nabasebenzi abomthetho kwasekuqaleni).

Ubunzima labafanelekako

Umkhuba okuphenya ngokuvamile kukhona lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana ngokuletha ubulungiswa abahleli umphakathi ngokushesha, abenza lobu bugebengu. Kuthiwa kule umsebenzi ogunyaziwe uphenyo iziphathimandla nezinkantolo kuze kube manje akukho indlela eyodwa yombuzo ziqu izenzo ezinjalo. Okwamanje, kukhona ilanga ukucaciseleka ezintweni eziningi amacala banditry. Kubonakala sengathi kulezi zincazelo akunakubangelwa lezi zindaba ziqu. Ingena umphakathi lobugebengu, isihloko uyaqaphela ukuthi uye waba ilungu, ilungele ukubamba iqhaza ubugebengu futhi izimisele ke. Uma inhlangano waqala imisebenzi yayo kanye nalabo eyenziwa ukuhlaselwa lohleliwe, ukuziphatha izakhamuzi wakufanelekela ezindinganisweni isethi. и положения кодекса, охватывающие конкретные деяния. Ikakhulukazi, kwenkululeko Article 210 of Criminal Code kanye amalungiselelo Code esehlanganise izenzo ezithile.

esibalulekile

Ngokungafani bands ngaphandle izici ezingenhla liqukethe ukuthi ukuqashelwa lobugebengu emphakathini ayidingekile kwezikhali nenqubomgomo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kudingeka bacabangele eziningi amaphuzu abalulekile. Okokuqala, kufanele siqonde ukuthi e Art. 210 libhekisela nenhlangano yezigelekeqe esebenza, Art. 209 - elihlomile. Ake sithi sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo jikelele kanye nemisebenzi okwalandela emthethweni amaqembu emthethweni ahlomile babe abaholi onobunye. Indlela ababeziphethe ngayo kuyadingeka ukuze ufanelekele sihloko 210-th (ch. 1) Criminal Code. Lapho sicabangela izenzo ezithile amalungu amaqembu united kufanele isungulwe, amalungu abaqaphela kweqembu elifanayo amaqiniso bavumelana imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela abantu ukusuka kwelinye ifomu.