Amir Temur - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu: Biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Omunye ubuntu edume kakhulu emlandweni wezwe Amir Temur - omkhulu umlawuli kanye nesimo sibalo Ephakathi. Wabizwa ehlukile - Lame Timur, Tamerlane, Timur Gurgan, kodwa yonke indawo igama umnqobi liphinyiselwe ngokwesaba okukhulu. Zonke izizwe sibambe ongezansi ephefumulelwe Amir Temur - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu. Biography of umholi umbusi nakwezempi kuyoba ekhulunywe yethu.

lozalo

Okokuqala, ake ukuthola lozalo lomthumbi okukhulu. Okhokho Amir Temur zazivela isizwe, amaMongol Barlas okuyinto ngesikhathi ezalwa kungenxa otyurchilos. It ubhekwa ngukhokho Baralutaya indodana Hachiu.

Ngemva omkhulu Mongol Ukunqoba kuka eside ingxenye Barlasov kuhanjiswe ku-Asia Ephakathi, futhi ingxenye Chagatai ulus, omunye ingxenye yoMbuso, anikezelwe indodana uGenghis Khan, Chagatai nenzalo yakhe. Barlas kakhulu bamukela nesiko bendawo, nakuba agcinwayo ingxenye enkulu amasiko lemilayo yabo leyabanye. Ulimi lwabo olukhulunywa kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi ulimi Chagatai, okuyinto kuyindlela yolimi starouygurskogo Turkic. Ngesikhathi ukuzalwa Timur Barlas ayizange wajabulela inkulumo-Mongolian.

Ubaba Temur kwaba Muhamed Taragay, ngobala nkosi feudal, owayevela Karachar Noyon, owayeneminyaka ngakwesokunene Chagatai. Umama umlawuli esizayo kwaba Tekin Khatun. Kule umshado, ngaphandle Temur wazala amadodana amathathu - Alim Sheikh, Juki futhi Suyurgatmysh nendodakazi Qutlugh Turkan. Kamuva Taragay kuhlanganiswe umshado wesibili ne Kadak Khatun, okuyinto wazalwa indodakazi Shirikov Beg.

Ngakho, ukufunda ukwaziswa ku amagama uzobajayela European kithi, singasho ukuthi Temur wayevela emkhayeni elincane zasebukhosini.

Isimo isimo Chagatai

Yiqiniso, Amir Temur - umholi elikhulu lempi, yomlando wakhe ugcwele amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi baqale ukufunda ke, kufanele ufunde kabanzi mayelana isimo Chagatai isimo, lapho kudabuka khona lolu umnqobi esizayo.

Ngesikhathi ukuzalwa Tamerlane Chagatai ulus kuyinto isimo amorphous, lapho amandla Khan wayelula. I inkathi kuneziyaluyalu kwezombusazwe phakathi nezimpi zezwe kanye internecine. Kaningi, nababusi abaye bafa ukufa kobudlova. Bayashintsha sobukhosi isibe ngempela njalo. Imizamo abanye abameleli Chagatai lwamakhosi ukuba uhlanganyele ukubusa kanye ukubamba umphumela okulindeleke ukuphathwa kabusha ayikazeki.

Ekugcineni, ngo-1346, ngemva kokuzalwa Timur, uGenghis Khan lwamakhosi walahlekelwa ukulawula Mawarannahr (emifuleni Amu Darya futhi Syr Darya). Chagatai ukwazi ukuze uzohlala emandleni kuphela Imifula Eziyisikhombisa, manje ebizwa Mogolistanom. Ngakho, ngo-1346 i-Chagatai ulus wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezimbili.

Engxenyeni esentshonalanga (Maurya) kusungulwa Kazagan, kwashona umbusi esisemthethweni Kazan Khan. Wayengekhona Genghisides, futhi ngenxa yalokho akunakwenzeka ukwamukela isihloko Khan. Wathatha isihloko Emir neziqondiso egameni ngokhethiwe Khans ka Chagatai lwamakhosi. Ngo 1358 Kazagan wadutshulwa ngemvula yezinhlamvu wabulawa umbusi Mogolistan Tughlugh Timur, kuziwa, unyana wakhe, umthetho. Ngemva zokubulala indodana yakhe Kazagana Abdullah, owabusa ngesikhashana esincane, Maurya ihlanganisa nezinxushunxushu. Izwe lihlasela Chagataidov Toluca Timur futhi ithumba it.

Lapha kule ndawo efika zezombusazwe zalo Amir Temur - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu. Biography salo muntu ibilokhu ngqo exhumene lezi zenzakalo.

Ukuzalwa futhi ekuqaleni iminyaka

Manje ake ukuthola nini futhi kuphi Amir Temur wazalwa. umnqobi omkhulu Ikusasa, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, wazalelwa emndenini ka Muhammad Taragay. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-April 1336 edolobhaneni Khodja-Ilgar, okuyinto eduze Kesh (manje Shakhrisabz ungaphakathi Uzbekistan). Kulezi zindawo ayihlala esengumntwana Amir Temur. Biography zeminyaka yakhe isencane cishe akwaziwa, kodwa eminye imithombo kuyacaca ukuthi kusukela zisencane Tamerlane asithandayo ukuzingela 10 lowacala ukuqeqeshwa agcwele wezempi ngaphansi kokuqondisa professional abafundisi iminyaka.

Ngo 1356, washada umzukulu Emir Kazagana - Uldjai-Turkan. Ngawo lowo nyaka ingane yabo yokuqala wazalwa - Jahangir.

Lapho umnqobi esizayo eneminyaka engu-25, ngo-1361, kwashona ubaba wakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igama Temur livela encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla.

inkathi nokuzula

Ekuqaleni Temur etholakalayo kwaba qembu elincane amasosha, ukubuthwa kuye uqobo. Ngesikhathi salesi lamabutho Tamerlane waqala ukukhonza Togluk-Temur, waweyisa e 1360 Maurya. Wenza Timur umbusi ezindaweni zamaKhosi emhlabeni Kesh. Kepha sekuphelile iminyaka emibili Tughlugh Timur waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izwe, njengoba imibhikisho kwaqala ngo Mogolistane. nephini lakhe, washiya indodana yakhe ilyas Khoja.

Ngokushesha ilyas Khoja isinqumo Temur ukuqeda kusuka nezindaba zomphakathi, futhi sibabulale ngisho nokubabulala, uma kungenzeka. Lapho bezwa ngalokhu, Tamerlane Ufaka inkonzo futhi ukuthuthela eduze umfowabo udadewabo - Hussein, umzukulu emir Kazaganu. Bona, kanti ngaphambi kwalokho zazihluke kakhulu okutholakala ngokuba nobuhlobo obufudumele, kodwa 1360 endleleni Timur futhi Hussein ahlukaniswe. Eyokuqala wangena inkonzo Mogolistan Khan kanye nezinye wakhetha indlela emzabalazweni. Kodwa Hussein linqotshiwe futhi esiqala Balkh, lapho imithetho Kabul.

Manje Timur futhi Hussein usuphinde umbimbi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo selikhule laba igazi ubuzalwane. Inkathi esukela 1361 by 1364 kwaba isikhathi ezulazulayo futhi belwa Mughals. Abangane kanye babeyazi injabulo benqobile futhi munyu ukunqotshwa. Kwakumelwe enkonzweni ababusi abaningi, ungakhohlwa imigomo yayo eyinhloko ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngisho basekuthunjweni ngalesi sikhathi ngavakashela Amir Temur. Biography umlawuli omkhulu esikhathini esizayo, wathi e enye yezimpi kwaleyo nkathi wayengumuntu umlenze kanzima alimele, ngenxa obekusele nezilima ukuphila. Yingakho lalibizwa Temur Liang, okusho Hromets, noma ngendlela European - Tamerlane.

Ukunqoba phezu Mughals

Ekugcineni, Hussein wakwazi ukuba baphinde babe emzini Balkh. Ngemva kokufa Tughlugh Timur Timur futhi Hussein ephethwe wokukhipha indodana yakhe ilyas Khoja ka Maverannahr. Bayanqoba Mughals e impi ewumnqamula-juqu ngesikhathi Stone Bridge (1363), wabaxosha lizwe. Hussein iba Emir of Samarkand. Kodwa ngo-1365 ngenxa manqikanqika ka Saddam umbimbi enqotshwa ilyas Khoja odakeni impi futhi baphoqwa ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi. kokubhikisha kwango Serbedars e 1366, aqondiswe ngokumelene Mughals, okuvumela bayathola amandla phezu esifundeni Hussein futhi Temur.

Emir of Samarkand futhi umbusi ophakeme Maverannahr Hussein futhi zaqala ukuhlasela, kwathi Temur - kuphela abakhulu umelekeleli yakhe. Leli qiniso emenza ufa e kwakubonakala ubungani eqinile njengoba Temur bazithola ophucwa division kwamandla.

Ukulwisana Hussein

Ekugcineni ikhefu phakathi kwawo Timur futhi Hussein senzeka ngo 1367 emva kokushona komkayo, udadewabo yesibili wokuqala wabo - Uldjai-Turkan.

I udweshu phakathi bakhula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yezenzo ezinengqondo futhi ukucabangela Temur kholeka among the ntu, nasemehlweni lamasosha kwayilokhu nokuningi. Kodwa Hussein izikhundla kwancibilika. Kusukela yaqala ukuthatha amasosha bayanda lapho sezingenile ekamu, okuyinto ihlelwe Amir Temur. Biography of lokhu umkhuzi ivule isahluko esisha yakhe.

Temur phakathi Hussein futhi 1367 i 1370 waqala ukukulungisa evulekile, belwa. Kwaba nezikhathi lapho ojenene ababuyisana futhi usuphinde obambisene nabo, kodwa ubudlelwane neze ubudala anobuhlobo wayengaselona phakathi kwabo. Ngo-1370, e-Battle juqu Balkh, Temur wahlulwa Hussein. Amir Samarkand elathunjwa futhi abulawe ngesicelo abangane Tamerlane, nakuba yena ngokwakhe bayichezukisa ukuba uzikholelwe, ofuna ukusindisa ipilwakhe komngane wakhe wangaphambili.

Temur washada nalowo oshade naye Hussein Saray-mulk, nakho eyindodakazi zokugcina umbusi esisemthethweni Kazan Chagatai Khan. ziyezwana Ngakho tamerlan nendlu uGenghis Khan. Ngemva kwalokho wathatha nokuziqhenya phakathi amaMongol Gurgan isidlaliso, okusho "kumkhwenyana Khan." Lo mshado ukwamukele ukuba semthethweni ukutjho kwakhe amandla esifundeni.

Velikiy Amir

Ngemva kokufa Hussein kwaba eqoqwe Kurultai, lapho isinqumo isimemezelo Tamerlane Emir Turan (njengoba yaziwa ngokuthi State). Like esasisandulele, ayizange ukwamukela isihloko Khan, okuyinto azigqoke kuphela Genghisides sitholwa njengefa. Khan wakhethwa indodana Kazan Khan, engumfowabo unkosikazi oshonile ka Tamerlane, Suyugartmysh. Kodwa bonke babazi ukuthi eyayinawo kulamandla. umbusi Real kwaba Amir Temur - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu. Biography womuntu ngekusasa uye zihlotshaniswa ukuqiniswa kanye ukunwetshwa esimweni saso.

inhloko-dolobha yabo, kanye Hussein, Tamerlane wenza emzini Samarkand lasendulo. Yena ehlotshisiwe ke ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga, waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi. Kakade eminyakeni yokuqala wokubusa Temur wakwazi ukuqinisa amandla isimo kuleli zwe kuze kube yileso sikhathi ezikhungethwe yizingxabano. Manje ubengenakwenza itayitela ngawo eyaduma emhlabeni wonke - ukunqoba okukhulu.

ukunqoba kuka Tamerlane

Akwanele ukusho ukuthi Amir Temur - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu. Lo muntu - omunye waholi lempi sonke isikhathi. Wakwazi ukwakha umbuso omkhulu, okuyinto ngobukhulu akukona kunabayeni Amandla uGenghis Khan.

yezombusazwe sangaphandle Timur lwalunamandla kakhulu. Wenza nohambo kaningana oluya Mogolistan futhi ekugcineni empeleni won ke. Izikhathi eziyisihlanu ukuthumela amasosha Khorezm, ekugcineni okwaholela ukubusa yayo embusweni.

Ngo-80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIV Temur ephethwe ukuze nginqobe yonke insimu yase-Iran. Ngenxa yokucindezela Tamerlane, iBlue zidlamlilo wafika amandla Tokhtamysh. Kamuva wakwazi ukuzuza kuphela ukwakha isizinda kuleli Golden zidlamlilo. Kodwa, uzizwa enamandla kakhulu, Tokhtamysh wanquma ekubusweni abavikela yakhe enamandla. Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza ukulwa isikhathi eside phakathi khan iGolden zidlamlilo futhi emir Turan. Temur wenza umkhankaso ezintathu ngokumelene Tokhtamysh. Ngokuhamba we Emir Owokugcina kubo ngisho ehlasela indawo yakwa-Russia, ukuxoshwa ezinye kwelinye lamadolobha aseduze. Ekugcineni Tokhtamysh wagudluzwa nendawo yakhe waqokwa Khan Timur Qutlugh - the protege entsha Tamerlane.

Omunye kunqoba okukhulu kunakho konke Timur, yiMpi Ankara, lapho 1402 wanqoba omunye umnqobi omkhulu - Ottoman Sultan Bayezid - bambamba isiboshwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Tamerlane wenza eziningi imikhankaso yimpumelelo e-India, futhi kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe wenza kuhambela eChina, kodwa ukufa azifinyezwanga amacebo akhe anqobe China.

ukufa Temur

Tamerlane wafa ekuqaleni kuka 1405 lapho ngineminyaka engu-oneminyaka engu-68, ngesikhathi inhlangano umkhankaso wokulwa China, emzini Otrar. Isidumbu sakhe yabekwa balzamirovke futhi uyiswa inhloko-dolobha yombuso - Samarkand.

Kamuva le dolobha lakhiwa ngabantwana bakwa-Tamerlane eGuri Emir Mausoleum lapho wangcwatshwa Amir Temur - umkhuzi wempi omkhulu. Izithombe ethuneni kungabonwa ngenhla.

ifa

Amir Temur idale omunye imibuso okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni. insimu yalo ayesuka emngceleni waseNdiya neChina empumalanga kuya oLwandle eMedithera entshonalanga, kuyi-Indian Ocean eningizimu silibangise eRussia enyakatho. Kodwa izingane nabazukulu bezifundo abakwazi ukulondoloza amandla kayise. Phakathi kwabo Kwagqashuka internecine impi, okwaholela wokugoqa ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Ukuwa sokugcina Timurids amandla okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama ukuhlasela kwebutho elivela enyakatho ayimizulane Uzbeks.

Nokho, omunye wozalo luka-Tamerlane - Babur - kwaba umsunguli kwelinye izwe elinamandla, okuyinto, ngokungafani ukuvakasha, eyathatha amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Lesi simo saba uMbuso Ezinkulu Moguls eNdiya.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ake sibheke amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo nokuphila Amir Temur.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ebusheni bakhe wayesesangweni ekuthunjweni, kanye udadewabo womunye Hussein Turkmen kweziphathimandla zempi ezaziwayo. Bona enzelwe ukuthi athengiswe njengezigqila. Kuphela lokulabhela umfowabo umbusi Timur futhi Hussein sebededeliwe.

Omunye izithakazelo eyinhloko Tamerlane wayedlala shatranj, obhekwa ngukhokho chess yesimanje.

sici

Yiqiniso, kunzima ukunikeza incazelo egcwele ubuntu enemisebenzi ezinjalo, owawungumnyaka Amir Temur. Biography emfushane ayikuvumeli ukukwenza kuya ngokugcwele. Noma kunjalo, siyazi ukuthi tamerlan umxhwele hhayi kuphela phansi yimpi ngokuziphatha nezindaba zomphakathi, kodwa enikelwe isikhathi esiningi ukuze isayensi nezobuciko.

Yiqiniso, Amir Temur wayengomunye walaba ubuntu bhá nkathi yakhe. Kwakungumuntu nginenhliziyo futhi ezimisele ngubani, sibonga engasenathonya Amazing kanye intelligence okungavamile, wakwazi ukwakha umbuso omkhulu kunayo yonke.