Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Biography

Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila Mozart. Lokhu umqambi isibe legend kweqiniso. Yazalwa ngo-1756, 27 Januwari, emzini Salzburg. Phakathi lokhu kuphila okufushane umqambi wakwazi ukubhala eziningi amakhonsathi, opera, umculo wezinsimbi, Sonatas (imikhiqizo angaphezu kuka-600 ezahlukene). lokusungula Mozart sika enezici futhi isikhala ngempela. Ngo ngayinye izinhlobo zomculo lapho ayesebenza khona, wakwazi impumelelo engakaze ibonwe. umqambi Contemporary etshelwa ukuthi ngobuciko lokudlala insimbi yomculo eziningana, futhi baba inkumbulo Amazing kanye indlebe ephelele. Nokho, lokhu akukhona ukuphela amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila Mozart. Sikhethe, ngokombono wethu, ezithakazelisa kakhulu babo, futhi simema wena ukuba azi eminye imininingwane biography of lokhu buchopho.

Wayeyisazi omculo Mozart umndeni

Wonke umkhaya ka umqambi omkhulu wayephiwe inhlakanipho Musically. Ngokwesibonelo, uyise, Leopold, kudlalwa isitho kanye violin, kanye wakhonza njengephayona umqambi esigodlweni uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Salzburg, kwaholela ekwayeni yesonto. Wabuye wabhala incwadi ku-violin, okwakubekelwa kubhekwe ngesikhathi omunye izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu kule wensimbi.

Lo muntu bagxilisa inzondo uthando lomculo futhi izingane zabo: indodana, owaqala ukudlala Harpsichord nge iminyaka emithathu, futhi kamuva yingcweti kwenye ingxenye futhi violin, nendodakazi yakhe, ophinda abe umdlalo omkhulu phezu kwezintaba Harpsichord kanye upiyano.

Koonyana eziyisikhombisa, amabili kuphela abasinda emkhayeni Mozart, uWolfgang udadewabo omdala.

ubuhlakani abasha

Umngane umndeni, Shahtner Johann Andreas, Salzburg enkantolo trumpeter, utshele indaba elandelayo, okumele nakanjani zifakwe indaba zethu "Amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo ezivela empilweni Mozart." Uma uLeopold Mozart nge Shahtnerom wafika endlini yakhe futhi wabona Wolfgang abasha (owayeneminyaka engu-4 kuphela ubudala) wabhala into emculweni ephepheni. INdodana elicwiliswe inki, hhayi kuphela uphaphe, kodwa futhi iminwe. Mozart Jr. watshela abadala ukuthi ubhala ekhonsathini. Ubaba wathatha singcoliswe ishidi usula, wakhala - ngakho konke ubuhlelekile emsebenzini wakhe.

Mozart kanye Bach

Lapho umfana eneminyaka engaba ngu-8 ubudala, wayebonisa ikhono lakhe ukunconywa Johann Christian Bach, indodana edumile Johann Sebastian Bach. Izikhathi eziningana baqambe ndawonye umphakathi: Bach watshala ubuhlakani kancane ngamadolo akhe futhi waba sonata phezu Harpsichord naye. Bach wadlala Amabha ezimbalwa, ezimbalwa - Mozart. Kwakubonakala sengathi ithuluzi amandla kuyinto umculi - njalo kwakuzwakala duo. Abaculi ayefeze izandla amane bazokhuluma okuningi ngomculo.

Inkulumo ngesikhathi Ebolekwe

Wolfgang njengoba ingane wayevamile ukuya kwamanye amazwe. Lezi kulolu hambo ahlelwe ubaba womfana ukuthi indodana yakhe wanika amakhonsathi yomphakathi, ukulalela abaculi abadumile futhi wafunda okuthile okusha. ENetherlands, kwelinye lamazwe lapho baye, nhlobo phakathi ukudla umculo. Nokho, Mozart yenza okwehlukile. Abefundisi babona ithalente lakhe kuyisipho esivela kuNkulunkulu.

Opera ukuze uMbusi

UJoseph II ka, umbusi waseRoma, isazi -oda Mozart opera, lapho lo mfana eneminyaka engu-12 kuphela ubudala. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "simpleton ngengqondo 'futhi lwenzelwe inkampani Italy. umqambi uYoung waqamba umsebenzi emasontweni ambalwa nje. Abaculi, Nokho, akakuthandanga lokho, ngakho Primiero opera akazange athathe indawo.

Umqambi kanye Masons

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Mozart axhunyiwe hhayi kuphela ngomculo wakhe umsebenzi. Le ndoda, ngokwesibonelo, waba Mason, waze wavusa ebhokisini kayise. Umqambi wabhala umculo enombolweni imicikilisho ethile Masonic, ngisho e-opera ezidumile okuthiwa "The Magic umtshingo" isihloko lokhu ukunyakaza.

Mozart kanye Salieri

Uma hero indaba yethu ngisho bacabange ukuba bahlekise ngayo Salieri. Watshela umngane wakhe ukuthi wayenze into okuthiwa i-Harpsichord, okuyinto abakwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi umuntu oyedwa emhlabeni, ngaphandle Mozart. Salieri wabheka amanothi, wathi ukuthi umculi osemusha, futhi, abakwazi ukwenza, ngoba kokubili izandla uzodinga ukwenza izindinyana ezinzima kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, emikhawulweni okuphambene ikhibhodi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga ukuthatha amanothi ambalwa phakathi. Uma ngisho ukudlala ngezinyawo, ezibhaliwe namanje ngeke bakwazi ukufeza, kusukela mkhiqizo fast too kuhambisane nesivinini sokufunda komfundi. ujabula kakhulu, Mozart wahleka. Yahlala phansi upiyano futhi owenzé le umsebenzi ncamashi njengoba kukhonjisiwe amanothi. A eziyinkimbinkimbi ekhaleni amanothi athathwa!

Constance, umka-Mozart

Kukulahlekele ngobuhlakani bakho izimali ehloniphekile, Nokho, Mozart, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako ngezinye izikhathi esingalingani, ngokuvamile waphoqeleka ukuboleka abangane bakhe imali. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, lathola izinkulungwane guilder (isamba fabulous ngalezo zinsuku) ngokusebenza ekhonsathini, wahlala yimali emavikini amabili. Umngani ka Mozart, umqambi ababezama ukuthatha, waphawula simangele ukuthi ubuhlakani zomculo kungekho ezitebeleni, akukho yokuvala, akukho zingane basiletha noma intombi eseceleni ezibizayo. "Kungani udinga imali?" - wabuza. Mozart waphendula ngokuthi ngoba Constantia, unkosikazi. "It - umhlambi wami wamahhashi thoroughbred, castle lami, kweqembu lami izingane, othandiweyo wami," - wathi umqambi.

ekhonsathini eziyinkimbinkimbi

Mozart, ogama biography, kanye zonke bokuhlela kusukela ebuntwaneni kwaphawulwa ubufakazi ngethalenta esiyingqayizivele, wabhala ekhonsathini yakhe yokuqala ngemva kweminyaka emine. Kwaba umsebenzi Harpsichord. Kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi virtuosos European kwakungase hle ukufeza ubani. Lapho uyise wathatha umfana namanje irekhodi sidle, bephawula lokuthi lokhu, ngokombono wakhe, akunakwenzeka ukudlala ekhonsathini nzima, Mozart wathi konke lokhu ubuwula. Phela, ngisho nengane ukukwenza. Yena, isibonelo.

Mozart udlala nge cat

Zonke ebuntwaneni we ubuhlakani esincane sasikanye ukulandelana umculo izifundo kanye ukusebenza. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene eYurophu ngaleso amakhonsathi eziningi prodigy ayejabulisa izilaleli kusukela phezulu enyakatho yomhlaba: wayedlala ngamehlo akhe uvaliwe phezu clavier. Ubaba kulokhu yamboza ubuso wengane nge iduku. Wabuye ivaliwe futhi ikhibhodi, kodwa wayeyisazi abasha namanje wakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale game. lokusungula kaMozart nhlobo nobabazekayo. Enkundleni ekhonsathini umqambi ushiye ikati. Khona-ke Mozart simile ukudlala futhi waphuthuma wakhe nazo zonke washesha. Ukukhohlwa mayelana abalaleli, waqala ukudlala lezi zilwane. Ngesikhathi isimemezelo esithi ubaba wayeyisazi abasha Waphendula wathi ukuthi Harpsichord eqinisweni namanje ayiyi ndawo, futhi cat is manje uhambile.

Indaba Marie Antoinette

Ngemva Mozart kancane (umqambi, okuyinto simchazela) senziwe esigodlweni yasebukhosini, uMarie-Antoinette, Duchess abasha, unqume ukuba ambonise ikhaya zayo zasebukhosini. Boy kwelinye lamakamelo wawa, ilele phansi. Khona-ke Duchess wasiza Mozart avuke. Waqaphela ukuthi Duchess nomusa kuye. "Ngicabanga Ngizofika ukushada nawe," - wathi lo mculi. Utshele leli kunina. UMbusikazi ebuzwa emomotheka a "umkhwenyana" kancane ukuthi wayekusho nganjongoni ngakho. Mozart waphendula, "Efuna ukubonga."

umhlangano kaMozart nge Goethe

Omunye oneminyaka eyisikhombisa Mozart wanika e Frankfurt amakhonsathi. Kuye ngemva kwenkulumo wasondela umfana oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala. Wancoma ukusebenza kwakhe, ethi anifundanga leli khono wake, ngoba kunzima kakhulu. I Wolfgang abasha wamangala futhi bambuza ukuthi wazama ukubhala amanothi. Lohlolwako wathi cha, ngoba kuphela amavesi efika engqondweni. Khona-ke Mozart waphendula: "Mhlawumbe, kunzima kakhulu ukubhala izinkondlo?" Umfana waphendula ngokuthi, kunalokho, kalula kakhulu. umngane Mozart sivulwe Goethe.

Isizathu sokufa umqambi sika

Kuze kube manje, izinkinga impikiswano futhi imbangela yokufa lokhu umqambi omkhulu. Umbiko wezokwelapha wawuthi wafa imfiva rheumatism UWolfgang, okuyinto ingase ibangele izinkinga acute kwezinso noma ukumelwa inhliziyo. Nokho, abanye abacusumbuli akholelwe ukuthi wadliswa ushevu Antonio Salieri, okuncintiswana naye kwakhe. Kodwa isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi phakathi kwala madoda amabili kwaba kwenzondo, akukhona ngempela lukhulu. Ngo-1997, lapho, naphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni engu-200 ngemva kokufa kuka-UWolfgang, Milan amlahla ku Salieri. Abacwaningi abaculi ababili, futhi odokotela aye ezwakala yijaji, kamuva yanquma ukuthi Salieri engenacala lokwenza ukufa umqambi wezingoma odumile sika.

Njengoba Mozart wangcwatshwa?

Umqambi, naphezu kwazo zonke izimo zawo, futhi ithalenta enkulu wangcwatshwa njengoba umpofu kakhulu. Mozart izinsalela zafakwa ithuna elivamile kanye nabanye amabhokisi eziningana. Kuyinto ayikaziwa endaweni esiqondile ecabangela ukungcwatshwa kwami. Gravestones netindishi ngesikhathi setha ezindongeni emathuneni, hhayi ethuneni. Usuku zomngcwabo ukuba umqambi emathuneni labangane bakhe beza akekho. Angikwazanga ukuba ngithi goodbye nomyeni wakhe ongumfelokazi usukhathele Mozart. Ngaphambi nje esangweni lomuzi, izivakashi wachitha umqambi kangaka, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila lo muntu akugcini lapho. Belapho impela eningi. Ezinye zazo ziye ukusebenza, kanti abanye uhlamvu semi edume. Ethakazelisayo Mozart Kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela abaculi professional kanye abayithandayo yomsebenzi wakhe. Geniuses njalo elihlobene ne isithakazelo owengeziwe. ukuphila kaMozart yaba ngeyesikhashana. Wazalwa ngo-1756 futhi wafa ngo-1791, okusho ukuthi kweminyaka eyi-35. Kodwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukwakha eningi imisebenzi ubuhlakani okungenakufa kakhulu abasindile umbhali, okuyinto Mozart. Piano, violin, Clarinet, umtshingo - lazo zonke lezi zinsimbi umqambi wadala imisebenzi eminingi ukuthi lwenziwa nangentshiseko etholwe umphakathi kuze kube yilolu suku.