Goryunova Machine Gun: imininingwane kanye nezithombe

Isibhamu semishini ka-Goryunov sika-7.62-mm (SG-43) yisibhamu se-Soviet esenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni sika-1943. Sisekelwe ezimotweni ezinamasondo, emotweni nemoto.

Ungashintsha kanjani "Maxim"?

Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, inkinga yokudala izikhali zokusekela izingane ezisezingeni lebhola - isibhamu somshini - asikwazanga ukuxazululwa. Ukuma ezingxenyeni ze-RKKA "Maxim" inezinamba ezimbalwa ezibonakalayo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukunqoba. Oyinhloko kwakuyisisindo esimangalisayo somshini womshini - esimweni esithwalwe, okungukuthi, sigcwele amanzi futhi sathweswe icala, isisindo salo sasingu-63 kg. Futhi akungezanga ukwengeza induduzo yamanzi ukupholisa ngoMaxim, ngoba ngokuvamile kunzima noma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo zokulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidumbu nezinhlamvu zazilimaza kalula i-casing, okwenza kube nzima.

Amalungiselelo okuqala okufaka esikhundleni sesibhamu se-"Maxim" nesimo se-DS-39 asizange senziwe, ngoba lezi zikhali zaba nzima ukukhiqiza nokusebenza, ezingathembeki emazingeni okushisa aphansi nobumnyama. Ngenxa yalokho, i-DS-39 yaxoshwa ekukhiqizeni.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-SHG

Ngo-May 1942, ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo somshini omshini omusha we-cartridge 7.62-mm kwaqala. Kwakuwusizo lapha ku-SHG, okuyi-1940 eyahlolwa ngempumelelo efektri.

Isibhamu sikaGoryunov sakhiwa eKovrov Mechanical Plant nguPyotr Maksimovich Goryunov, umshana wakhe uMikhail, kanye nomphathi wefektri uVasily Voronkov. Ngokusho kwezinhlamvu zokuqala zala magama - SHG - futhi isikhali saqanjwa.

Kodwa i-Red Army idinga inguqulo ye-easel, futhi isibhamu sikaGoryunov sashintshwa ukuze sifeze imisebenzi emisha.

Izivivinyo eziphumelelayo

Ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlolwa kwefektri ekupheleni kuka-1942, inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yenziwa ngezingcezu ezingu-50, ezingu-45 zazo zathunyelwa emasotweni. Imiphumela nayo yayihle. Ngemva kokuqeda ukuphawula kanye nokushiyeka okubonakalayo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1943, isibhamu sikaGoryunov sabamba iqhaza ekuvivinyweni kukahulumeni. Umncintiswano oyinhloko we-SHG waba yi-DS-43 yesimanje, kanye nezikhali ezenziwe eJalimane, njengoba kucatshangelwa kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuguqula iMG-34 yaseJalimane i-cartridge yomsizi waseMosin kanye nokwamukelwa kwayo okwenziwa kamuva yi-Red Army. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi i-Soviet ibhulogi yamakhansela ayinakusetshenziswa kuyo ngenxa yobukhona bomngcele. Umshini wezikhali uGoryunova izikhathi eziningi kudlula amasampula athunjiwe kanye ne-DS-43 kwimingcele ebalulekile njengokuqina nokuqondile komlilo.

Ngemva kokuzijwayeza imiphumela yezivivinyo, u-Degtyarev ngokwakhe waqinisekisa uStalin ngokuphakama kwesibonelo sikaGoryunov nesidingo sokwamukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklami wadala umncintiswano umshini omusha, owaqala ukukhiqizwa kanye nesikhali esisha.

Isiqalo sokukhiqiza

NgoMeyi 14, 1943, iKomiti Yezokuvikelwa Kombuso yanquma ukwamukela isibhamu somshini kaGoryunov (isithombe sinikezwe kulesi sihloko) ngomshini wesondo. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo kwiKovrov Mechanical Plant kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye kwakhiwe isitolo esihlukile. Ekupheleni kuka-1943 kwaqalwa inqwaba yezikhali, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo umkhiqizo wandiswa ngamandla eSiklamo sikaZlatoust No. 54.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathuthukisi be-Seleznev noGaranin baklanyelwe umshini onamasondo olula owawusebenza kangcono uma usebenza ezimweni ezinzima.

Ngqikithi, ngaphambi kokuba impi isiphelile, izibhamu ezingaphezu kuka-80 000 zeGoryunov zenziwa futhi zanikelwa e-Red Army.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Isikhali sisebenzisa amandla wegesi e-powder ehoxiswa esiteshini esincane. Lesi siphequluli sivinjelwe skew kwesandla sokunene se-shutter.

Ngesikhathi sokudutshulwa, ukugeleza kwamagesi ase-propellant kuqondiswa kancane kancane emgodini wegesi ekamelweni legesi bese ucindezela ngokumelene ne-piston, ehoxisa uhlaka lwe-bolt. Kuze kube yilapho ibhuloho liphuma, i-bolt ayihambeli, ivimbela umgqomo futhi ivimbela igesi ukuba ingene ebhokisini.

Ngemuva kokuba ibhuloho liphuma emgqonyeni, izingxenye ezihambayo zesibhamu somshini ziyaqhubeka nokubuyela emuva, zicindezela entwasahlobo. Khona-ke i-shutter ivula isiteshi esiqinile; Icala le-cartridge lisuswa ekamelweni. Impi yensimbi noma i-tape tape ingena efasiteleni lebhokisi le-trunk. Kuwo amacala we-cartridge ekhishiwe. Ngosizo lwesistimu ye-slide, le cartridges zondliwa zibe umamukeli we-tape ngekhava elihlangene, elisheshisa ukubuyiswa kabusha.

Uma i hook yokukhululwa icindezelwe, ifreyimu ye-shutter ngaphansi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo iyaqhubekela phambili, ingabi esisezingeni elingemuva. I-bolt igxumela i-cartridge efasiteleni lebhokisi le-trunk iphinde ithumele ekamelweni. Izingxenye ezihambayo zifinyelela endaweni yokukhawulela; Isango likhiya isiteshi esiqinile. Ukubheka okuphezulu kwesikhwama se-shutter kushaya umdugeri, okhiqiza ukudubula kusuka ekuhlekeleni kwangemuva. Khona-ke inqubo iphinda.

Isibambo sokushisa sisuka ngaphansi kwezingalo zokulawula kanye nezinsalela zimi lapho zidubula.

Ukulungiswa kwezikhali ezizenzakalelayo kwenziwa yilawuli abathathu begesi. Ukupholisa umoya kuvumela imijikelezo engu-500 yokudubula okuqhubekayo. Kumodi evamile, ukuqhuma okuncane komlilo kukhishwa kuze kube ngu-30 nxazonke. Isibhamu somshini uGoryunova SG-43 sinesilinganiso sokudubula ama-250-300 amaminithi / iminithi. Umgqomo ongashintshayo unomuntu obopha amalangabi kanye nesibambo, okwenza kube lula ukuthwala futhi kuthathe indawo, isikhathi esingadluli imizuzwana engu-7-8.

Ukulwa

Ukudubula kwenziwa nge-bullet arr. 1908 no-1930, okuyinto egcina amandla abulalayo lonke isikhathi indiza kuya ibanga 3800 m. Amandla bullet steel ka 1908 kuyinto 3511 J, no 1930-3776 Joules. Ukudla kukhiqizwa nge metal metal bands 2507 (5 x 50 ) Thayipha i-DS-39 noma ingubo ye-"Maxim" yama-200 ama-pcs. Ngokulethwa kwesandla sokunene. Nakuba izinga lokudla eliphakeme ngezinye izikhathi lihambisane nokuqhuma okungahambisani kwe-cartridges, kwenzeke kakhulu kakhulu kunomshini womshini kaDegtyarev.

Uhlelo lokuqondisa

Ukubheka amadivayisi SG-43 kufaka phakathi iphini nokuphuma kwamehlo. Lezi zinsuku zihlanganisa isisekelo, i-clamp nayo yonke kanye nohlaka olusempumalanga. Ifreyimu ibhalwe ngamakkala amabili. Ngakwesobunxele kuhloswe ngezinhlamvu ngezibhamu ngo-1908 futhi ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ibanga elingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili.Kukhethwe yincwadi ethi "L" nezinombolo 0-20. Isilinganiso esifanele senzelwe i-cartridge nge-bullet ngo-1930 futhi ikuvumela ukuba uqale ibanga elingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2.3. Kumakwe ngencwadi "T" nezinombolo 0-23. Esihlokweni kuyingozi. Ukufakwa kwalo, ingxenye yangemuva ye-clamp ezinhlangothini zombili ingozi enkulu ibhalwe ngezigaba ezinhlanu zokulungiswa kwe-lateral. Omunye uphawu uhambelana nobubanzi obuyinkulungwane.

Isibhamu somshini weGoryunov siqinisekiswa ngokudubula ekuhlosweni kwesikhala, sinqunywe emgqeni wesine ohlangothini, futhi eduze komgqa wombala omnyama olinganisa u-20x30 cm kusihlangu se-1x1 m mhlophe. Ububanzi bubekwe ku-100 m, lo mbono usethelwe ku-3 ngakwesokunxele kwesibunxele kanti izinhlamvu ezinesibane esincane.

I-Anti-aircraft sight

Amathekisthi emoyeni ahlolwe ngosizo lwe-anti-aircraft anti-aircraft sight, efakwe ngokungeziwe ku "Goryunov", eyenzelwe izinto zezindiza kude nokungekho ngaphezu kwekhilomitha elilodwa, elihamba ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-600 km / h. I-sight inokubona kwangaphambili nangemuva nesisekelo. I-front iqukethe izindandatho ezine ezinezingqimba ezine-20-80 mm ne-pitch 20mm, inhloso yokukhetha ukuhola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-visor enkabeni inensimbi ekhonza ukulungisa, kanye ne-rack. Ingemuva ikhiwa ibhola, isikebhe sokuhlola kanye nokuma. Ikhwalithi ehlukile yombono ukufakwa kokubili ababukeli esihlalweni, esibaxhuma kumklamo owodwa, okuqinisekisa ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo: kungasuswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, kufakwe futhi kufakwe endaweni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izilungiselelo.

Isicelo empini

Isibhamu sikaGoryunov sasiqala ukusebenza entwasahlobo ka-1943. Emabuthali, izikhali zawela ekuqaleni kwehlobo lonyaka ofanayo. Yayisetshenziselwa ukunqoba amaqembu avulekile abasebenzi kanye nezindlela zokuqhuba umlilo wezitha emakhilomitha angaba ngu-1.

Impumelelo kaGoryunov empini yenkathi yokugcina yempi ingenxa yesisindo sayo esilula: kungukukhanya kuka 6.5 kg kunama Maxima, futhi ngomshini wesondo - ngo-25 kg.

Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, isibhamu somshini sasimanje futhi saqanjwa kabusha eSGM ("M" - sesimanje). Isistimu yokuvikelwa ngothuli nokupholisa kombhoshongo yathuthukiswa, futhi kuhlanganiswe i-bolt entsha. Inguqulo ye-tank ye-SSMT ivele.

Izici Eziyinhloko

Imingcele esemqoka yesibhamu somshini yilezi:

• Isisindo: 13.5 kg.
• Isisindo somshini: 23,4 kg.
• Ubude: 1140 mm.
• Ubude bomgqomo: 720 mm.
• Ubude bomlilo (L / T): 2000/2300 m.
• Isisindo senhlamvu (L / T) F 865/800 m / s.
• Isilinganiso somlilo: ama-700 amaminithi / iminithi
• Isilinganiso somlilo: max. 350 amaminithi / iminithi.

I-SG-43 yayithunyelwa kabanzi, amalayisensi akhishwe ukuze akhiqizwe emazweni amaningana. E-China iGoryunov yenziwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Type 53, eCzechoslovakia - njengeVz 43, ePoland (Wz 43) naseNingizimu Afrika (SS-77).