Amazinga yenhlangano zasendle

Ukuphila Emhlabeni lisuselwe kuyo isikhathi eside. It wayevela ngaphansi kwethonya ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zaholela hhayi kuphela nokuvela kokuphila, kodwa ukubonakaliswa ke ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Ngakho, lo yinkimbinkimbi izimo kuholele kumiswa yokuthi ophilayo imvelo kuhlukile izinhlelo okuyinto, kuhlanganiswe futhi subordinated komunye nomunye ukwakha isakhiwo ebalulekile multi-egqinsiwe, okuyinto awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela isixhumanisi esisodwa.

amazinga Basic yenhlangano zasendle

Ukuze uqonde lokhu ohlelweni, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ezihlongozwayo isakhiwo hierarchically subordinated ukuba. Ngamunye wabo kubhekwe njengento uhlelo ehlukile noma subsystem, kodwa umbono ephelele amazinga wokuphila ovela iphuzu begazi buka, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwale nto.

Amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo nemvelo izici

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka incazelo, siphawula ukuthi uhlu jikelele eziphilayo abekho, futhi thina ezihlongozwayo yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi: Kukhona 8 amazinga kwenhlangano.

• Amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo nemvelo: yamangqamuzana kanye neselula

Yamamolekhula. Kuyinto zakudala ezingeni, okuyinto umngcele phakathi eziphilayo nemvelo asiphili. amayunithi Elementary nazi ikhemikhali: . Amaphrotheni, ama-carbohydrate, acid nucleic, lipids, njll Kulapha ukudluliswa kolwazi zofuzo kwenzeka biosynthesis nokuguqulwa amandla. Ngamakhodi Imininingwane - umsebenzi oyinhloko ezingeni yamangqamuzana, okuyinto yena, ine izingxenye ezimbili: molecule organic compounds kanye wezinto ezingaphili futhi izakhiwo of zamakhemikhali.

Cell. Lapha, izakhi aphume ashone cell inhlangano - organelles. Yena unesibopho umsebenzi zokuzala, ohilelekile ukulawulwa zamakhemikhali, kanye lapha kufika ukusetshenziswa amandla. Siqukethe ingxenye eyodwa - yezinhlayiya eziyinkimbinkimbi of zamakhemikhali. Kulelizinga, kukhona biosynthesis, cell division kanye photosynthesis.

• Amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo nemvelo: Izicubu kanye Organ

Indwangu. Yena imelelwa izindwangu ukuthi sihlanganise ezihlukahlukene amaseli kokuba isakhiwo ezifanayo. Ngo eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, izicubu ku inqubo ontogenesis of cell division ngemacembu ezahlukene. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo ezihlukene, ngenxa lunye amaseli.

Isitho. Lo msuka ohlelweni yilezi izidumbu eziphilayo. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu angabona bagcine yonke isitho izinhlelo (ukuze izilwanyana okuthuthukile), futhi elula ukuhamba, emishinini yokuphefumula, ukugaya, et al., At bangakunaki organelles ngabanye.

• Amazinga inhlangano eziphilayo nemvelo: umzimba labantu eqondene

Organismic. Lokhu ezingeni yenhlangano zokuphila nobuntu unicellular futhi amaningi. Lapha kungenzeka ukuthi unikeze ngezindlela ezahlukene, lembula isakhiwo ehlukene (izilwane, izinyoni, isikhunta, amagciwane). Iphinde yembule uxhumano zomzimba ne imvelo, okuyinto zihilelekile kumiswa izici kwesakhiwo. Isakhi esiyinhloko kuba kuseli.

Population-zilwane. Ihanjiswe nokuzwelana, esiyingxenye sabantu, badedelane, ukuze lezi zilwane. Imisebenzi esemqoka lesi sendlalelo kukhona nokuzalwa nokufa amazinga, ubukhulu kanye kwabantu. Kukhona Kumiswa ukuthi kunokuhlobana okukhulu nohlobo ndawo.

• Amazinga yenhlangano zasendle: biogeocenotic futhi Biosphere

Biogeocenotic. Lesi sendlalelo ibizwa nangokuthi ngokuthi "ubudlelwane bezinto eziphilayo". Lapha sibona inhlangano zokuphila ngokuya labantu: umbiko ububanzi yohlobo olufanayo (ezifanayo) izinto. Ecosystem ezingeni enezinto eziningi izakhiwo: labantu isakhiwo, izinhlobo ubudlelwano biotic, ubuningi nezinhlobo yokwakheka ke. Izingxenye ezisemqoka yilezi: izici imvelo futhi izinhlelo ukudla.

Biosphere. Lona oluphakeme kakhulu inhlangano sezinto eziphilayo. Izakhi eziyinhloko: imvelo imvelo yabo, okubhekisele inhlabathi, umoya kanye nemingcele hydrosphere global, njll ... Kukhona nokuxhumana eziphilayo nezingaphili, kanye nokusakazwa izinto.