Sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate - ezithakazelisayo kakhulu

Chemistry - isayensi ezithakazelisayo echaza iningi kungenzeki abasizungezile izinqubo kanye izenzakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le miphumela ayigcini nenkinga yokuhlukanisa kwabazali elula ushukela inkomishi yetiye noma hydrolysis izinto, okuyinto evame ngesisekelo inqubo ezimbonini, kodwa futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokucindezeleka ukudalwa udaba eziphilayo ngaphandle ukubandakanyeka eziphilayo. Ngamanye amazwi, lo chemistry - isayensi ukuphila ngokuya eziningi zenzeka imihlola elisizungezile. Chemistry ongamtshela konke mayelana acid, lezisekelo zalo, nosawoti kanye alkalis. On asigubhayo Kuzoxoxwa - carbonate sodium. Ake sibheke konke okuhlobene carbonate sodium kusukela ifomula amakhemikhali nesiphetho ukusetshenziswa e umkhakha nokuphila.

Ngakho, sodium carbonate, ogama ifomula kulotshiwe kanje: Na2CO3, - kuyinto usawoti carbonic acid, ubizwa nangokuthi usawoti sodium ka carbonic acid, noma soda umlotha. Le nto ivela njenge powder elula ezimhlophe sakhiwa okusanhlamvu okuhle, okuyinto ayinakho iphunga nokunambitheka ezingemnandi ngokwanele. Kungabangela ubuthi ezinzima kanye nezilonda yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini, uma uwa emzimbeni womuntu inqwaba. Ifomula kwesakhiwo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: eyodwa pair amabili-electron kuyi-athomu ye-sodium banamathele athomu mpilo (ngayinye sodium athomu unayo eyodwa oksijini), ama-athomu-mpilo zixhunywe izibopho olulodwa ukuze athomu carbon, ne-carbon, e ukujika esifanayo, exhunywe kwi (amabhangqa amabili) ezine electron ukuba ngaphansi kwe-athomu umoya-mpilo. Ngakho, sibona lokhu okulandelayo ezithakazelisayo isithombe sodium ama-athomu babe ion omuhle elilodwa kwenkokhiso, ama-athomu-mpilo nokuba necala engakhi -2, ne-carbon, okuthumela ezine electron has a ophethe +4. Ngakho, i-sodium carbonate, noma kunalokho, i-molecule ayo ine polarity kwezinye izindawo.

Futhi, kukhona ukuhluka usawoti: sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3 kokuba ifomula zamakhemikhali, ingabagulisa ubuthi uma ingena ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Sodium hydrogen carbonate ixubana asebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka-sodium, izinsimbi, lapho i-sodium vosstanavlyavaetsya. Ngisho lokhu usawoti kungenziwa wasithukuthelela i metal alikhali ka bakhuthele futhi uyobuyisela sodium. Uma Nokho, hydrolysis usawoti, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi sodium hydroxide - a alikhali eqinile, futhi carbonic acid kuyinto kunalokho ebuthakathaka ngokwemvelo, ngakho ukuze ngokuyinhloko asize abantu base futhi ngaphandle kwesibeletho ngeke ane-alikhali imvelo, ukuqaphela ukuthi umuntu angasebenzisa phenol-phthalein (isixazululo ibala usawoti njengegazi).

Ekhuluma carbonate sodium, izakhiwo amakhemikhali okuyinto musa zehluke nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali hydrogen, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga futhi afeze electrolysis yesixazululo usawoti, i- "ukuziphatha" kubo kuyoba ezifanayo ngokuphelele. Ake sibheke.

Electrolysis sodium carbonate ancibilike ukuphela ukuthi naye egqanyisiwe ion carbonate ezimbili amavukuzi sodium. Uma Nokho, hydrolysis yesixazululo usawoti, kuzoholela esithombeni: i-hydrogen zitholwe anode, le cathode - iqembu hydroxy ekugcineni kuvela ukuthi ahlale anion carbonate ezimbili amavukuzi sodium.

Kungenzeka futhi futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi sodium carbonate ihlangana izinto ezifana asidi enamandla, isib, nitric, hydrochloric noma sulfuric. It singena esikhundleni, okungukuthi, walulama carbonic acid, okuyinto ke ukubola zibe amanzi nesikhutha noma carbon dioxide, kanye usawoti etholwe we acid, ingezwe ku-sodium carbonate.

Cishe isithombe esifanayo etholwe ngokungeza encibilikayo (futhi ayikho enye, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusabela Ngeke ngiye!) Usawoti eqinile acid, kodwa imikhiqizo ukuphendula kumele athole igesi, inzika noma amanzi.