Ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kuyini namandla kunomFilisti ibhomu: cleaner noma Fusion?

Awekho amandla emhlabeni esibhubhisa ngaphezulu kakhulu ukuqhuma yenuzi ibhomu noma cleaner. ucwaningo abahlukahlukene nokuthuthukiswa sezishiye yokuthi sidalwe izikhali zembubhiso, amandla okubhubhisa ukuthi ukuqhuma abayekanga ubani. Kuyini ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kudingeka siqonde izici of amabhomu ahlukahlukene.

Kuyini ibhomu?

Nuclear izitshalo amandla bahlinza isimiso sokukhululwa ngokuphina phansi lemandla enuzi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngempela elawulwa. Amandla ezikhishwe iguqulwe ibe ugesi. I ibhomu le-athomu kuholela yokuthi kukhona ukusabela chain ukuthi ongalawuleki ngokuphelele, futhi omningi amandla ezikhishwe kubangela kubhujiswa okubi. Uranium futhi plutonium - akuzona izakhi ayinangozi ngakho we ishadi lesikhathi, wona aholela nenhlekelele yembulunga yonke.

A-ibhomu

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni, funda kabanzi mayelana nakho konke. Hydrogen ne amabhomu e-athomu basonta ngamandla enuzi umkhakha. Uma sihlanganise izingcezu ezimbili uranium, kodwa ngamunye uzoba isisindo ngezansi ukubaluleka esibucayi, lokhu "inyunyana" kuyoba ngaphezu kakhulu mass esibucayi. neutron ngamunye ehilelekile ukusabela chain, ngoba ahlahlele umnyombo futhi kukhipha 2-3 neutrons, okuyinto abangela ukubola ukusabela entsha.

Neutron amandla ngokuphelele kwamandla indoda. Ngaphansi yesibili ezigidigidini esanda onakala hhayi kuphela ukudedela omningi amandla, kodwa futhi ube umthombo emisebeni enamandla. Lokhu imvula enemisebe embozwe ungqimba obukhulu emhlabeni, amasimu, izitshalo nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Uma sikhuluma izinhlekelele e Hiroshima, uzobona ukuthi 1 igremu of eziyiziqhumane uye wabangela ukufa abantu abayizinkulungwane 200.

Umgomo we operation futhi izinzuzo cleaner ibhomu

Kukholakala ukuthi ibhomu cleaner, adalwe ubuchwepheshe entsha ongancintisana zenuzi. Iphuzu liwukuthi esikhundleni TNT isetshenziswa igesi ikhemikhali unamandla ukwedlula izikhathi ezimbalwa kweshumi. Aviation amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu ibhomu - enamandla kunazo cleaner ibhomu emhlabeni ukuthi asisebenzi izikhali zenuzi. Singabulala isitha, kodwa akusho ahlupheke ekhaya nobuchwepheshe, kanti imikhiqizo kwamazinyo ngeke.

Isebenza kanjani? Ngokushesha ngemva ukubeka webhomu kwabangela detonator kude ezithile kusukela emhlabathini. Leli bhokisi libhujiswa wafutha ifu elikhulu. Lapho exutshwe oksijini, iqala ukungena kuphi - ekhaya, imigqomo, zokukhosela. zonke izinhlobo-mpilo nokutubeka cleaner. Uma siyeka le ibhomu uphendulela wave leSupersonic bakha lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ngokungafani US cleaner ibhomu kusukela Russian

Umehluko wukuthi yokugcina singayibhubhisa isitha, ngubani ngisho le ndlu, kusetshenziswa sezikhali ezifanele. Phakathi ukuqhuma ku warhead emoyeni uwela kanye hits kanzima phansi, engcwaba ngesikhathi 30 amamitha ukujula. Ngemva ukuqhuma, bakha ifu, okuyinto okwandisa ngobukhulu, ukungena yokukhosela futhi kakade lapho umlilo. I sezikhali American zigcwele TNT abavamile, ngakho kokubhubhisa isakhiwo. Umshini ibhomu ebhubhisa into ethile, njengoba linomkhawulo ezincane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhomu iyona enamandla kunazo - yimuphi omunye wabo kubangela ongenakuqhathaniswa yini buhlungu yinhlekelele, ukushaya bonke ukuphila.

H-ibhomu

I-H-ibhomu - eyodwa ngaphezulu izikhali ezimbi zenuzi. Compound ka-uranium futhi plutonium edonsa hhayi kuphela amandla, kodwa futhi izinga lokushisa lapho luyanda kuze kube kwesigidi degrees. I isotopes hydrogen axhunyiwe e-helium ne-nucleus, okudala ezinkulukazi umthombo wamandla. I-hydrogen iyona enamandla kunazo - kuyinto eyenzeka obungenakuphikwa. Kudingeka sicabange kuphela lokho ukuvunguza kuba ngamabhomu 3000 amabhomu e-athomu eHiroshima. Kuzo zombili US futhi izwe elaliyiSoviet Union bangathembela 40,000 amabhomu of amakhono ehlukene - zenuzi ne-hydrogen.

Ukuqhuma komkhumbi-izinhlamvu ifaniswe ne izinqubo ezenzeka ilanga nezinkanyezi. neutrons Fast ngesivinini ninamathele uranium ibhomu igobolondo uqobo. Ivelele ukushisa hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kodaka lwentaba. Kukhona kuze kube isotopes 200. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-izikhali ezinjalo zenuzi ezishibhile yenuzi, kodwa umphumela wawo bungathuthukiswa kunoma iyiphi inombolo ye izikhathi. Lona ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo yamila, okuyinto wahlupheka eSoviet Union 12 Agasti 1953.

imiphumela ukuqhuma

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukuqhuma hydrogen kuyinto uhlamvu kathathu. Into yokuqala ukuthi kwenzekani - kukhona ibhomu elinamandla kakhulu. umthamo kwakho kuncike ukuphakama ukuqhuma kwenziwe futhi uhlobo isimo sezwe, futhi degree of obala lomoya. Ingabe akha iziphepho ezinkulu umlilo, okuyinto musa sizakhele amahora ambalwa. Noma kunjalo, secondary kanye nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu kungabangela enamandla kunazo iArmagedoni ibhomu - a emisebeni enemisebe kanye ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile isikhathi eside.

izinsalela Radioactive ngemva kokuqhuma-hydrogen

Nge ukuqhuma Fireball iqukethe iqoqo izinhlayiya emihle kakhulu radioactive, agcinwayo kusendlalelo asemkhathini zomhlaba futhi kusele unaphakade. Endabeni ka nabo emhlabathini ukuthi kudala a Fireball sokushisa uthuli sakhiwa izinhlayiya lokubola. Ekuqaleni aqoqana esikhulu, bese-lighter, owenziwa umoya amakhulu amakhilomitha. Lezi zinhlayiya kungabonwa ngeso lenyama, njengemoto uthuli kungabonwa eqhweni. Liyabulala ukuthi ukhona yini owayengakwazi eseduze. Izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo kungaba eziningi iminyaka emkhathini futhi ngakho "ukuhamba", ngokuphindaphindiwe ejikeleza yonke le mbulunga. radioactivity yabo iba buthaka kuze kube seqophelweni lokuba bayokuwa njengoba imvula.

Esimeni impi yenuzi nokusetshenziswa hydrogen izinhlayiya okunobuthi kuyoholela ekubhujisweni zokuphila endaweni engaba amakhulu amakhilomitha kusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona. Uma izosetshenziswa superbomb ke endaweni ezingcolile amakhilomitha eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, okothi benze izwe lalo kungahlaleki ngokuphelele. It kuvela ukuthi indoda-ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni enamandla okubhubhisa wonke amazwekazi.

IArmagedoni ibhomu "incumbe." ekudalweni

Ibhomu AN 602 ayenamagama eziningana - ". Incumbe" "Tsar Bomb" futhi Lwakhiwe eSoviet Union ngo-1954-1961, ngokulandelana. Wawunodonga enamandla kunazo iziqhumane ngesikhathi khona isintu. Umsebenzi indalo yayo kwenziwa iminyaka eminingi laboratories ikakhulukazi imfihlo ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Arzamas-16." Umthamo hydrogen ibhomu ye megatons 100 idlula ayizinkulungwane 10 izikhathi amandla ibhomu eHiroshima.

ukuqhuma wayo uyakwazi ezindabeni imizuzwana ukusula ebusweni eMoscow. City Center ngabe kalula shabalala ngomqondo truest izwi, nakho konke okunye yayiyoba imfucumfucu kulencane. Ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni bebeyoqothulwa, nase-New York nazo zonke namabhilidi. Ngemva ke kwakushiyelwa dvadtsatikilometrovaya elicibilikile wentaba bushelelezi. Nale ukuqhuma ihlulekile ukubaleka, phansi esitimeleni. Yonke indawo ngaphakathi endaweni engaba amakhilomitha 700 kwakuyodingeka ekubhujisweni wathola futhi babanjwe izinhlayiya enemisebe.

Ukuqhuma "iNkosi Amabhomu" - ukuba noma cha ukuba?

Ehlobo lika-1961, ososayensi wanquma ukuba avivinye futhi ubukele ukuqhuma. Ibhomu lenuzi elinamandla kunawo wonke emhlabeni kwaba umlilo endaweni, ise-kude lé enyakatho yeRussia. Le ndawo omkhulu we ipholigoni ithatha sonke isiqhingi Novaya Zemlya. Esikalini nolokubhujiswa kwadingeka ukufinyelela amakhilomitha angu-1,000. Nge ukuqhuma ungase izohlala itheleleke izikhungo yizimboni njenge eVorkuta, Norilsk futhi Dudinka. Ososayensi, kokuba Uqondile esikalini ngemva kwenhlekelele, athatha ikhanda lakhe futhi aqaphela ukuthi isivivinyo ikhanseliwe.

Izindawo ukuhlola ibhomu ezidumile futhi sikhulu enamandla wayengekho kuphi emhlabeni, kwakukhona Antarctica kuphela. Kodwa nezwekazi ezineqhwa futhi kuhlulekile afeze ukuqhuma, njengoba endaweni ubhekwa ngamazwe nokuthola imvume ngokuhlola enjalo ukumane ongenangqondo. Kwakudingekile ukunciphisa ophethe izikhathi ibhomu 2. Ibhomu namanje yamila Okthoba 30, 1961 endaweni efanayo - esiqhingini Novaya Zemlya (ezingeni ukuphakama mayelana 4 amakhilomitha). Nge ukuqhuma kwakukhona ezinkulukazi omkhulu mushroom ifu ukuthi wasukuma 67 amakhilomitha, futhi igagasi shock azungeza iplanethi kathathu. By endleleni, at the Museum "Arzamas-16", emzini Sarov, umuntu angabona ku ukuvakasha amazwibela ezindaba ngalokhu kuqhuma, kodwa bathi akuyona emehlweni eyethile inhliziyo.