Anatomy of the mandible womuntu. nokwakheka kwendawo ye ngamazinyo emihlathini engenhla nengezansi

Phakathi izitho ebaluleke kakhulu umzimba womuntu liqukethe amazinyo. Ngamunye wabo has a isakhiwo esiqondile futhi wenza umsebenzi othile. Yiziphi izinyo kuyinto isethi eliphezulu amazinyo? Kuyini anatomy we mandible? Kulezi zici nakwezinye izinkinga ezihlobene isakhiwo amazinyo, kumelwe sikuqonde.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana amazinyo

Ngo umuntu omdala e ngomlomo evamile ingase ibe emazinyweni 28 kuya kwezingu-32. Ziyakwazi imfundo ekhethekile, akheke eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ingxenye ebonakalayo ezinyweni ngasinye kuthiwa umqhele. Omunye izingqimba salo dentin - kanzima impahla calcified ukuthi akanayo imithambo yegazi. Kusukela phezulu kuba camera izinyo koqweqwe lwawo. Kusebenza njengomnyombo udonga lwangaphandle zokuzivikela.

I ezifihliwe ingxenye izinyo - impande. It ibekwe ikhefu we umhlathi, okuthiwa ama-alveoli. Ngesikhathi impande, futhi, kufanele dentin. Ihlanganisa ungqimba usimende lapho esikhipha izinyo esiqhutshwa ekhosombeni emhlathini. Bone ukwakheka ngaphakathi egumbini uginindela yakhiwa imizwa, izitsha kanye izicubu zomzimba ezithambile zezinzwa.

Izinhlobo nemisebenzi namazinyo

Anatomy of the mandible futhi maxilla subdivides bone ekwakhekeni, okuyinto zitholakala kule komgodi ngomlomo kwezinhlobo eziningana:

• ezinkulu impande (molars);
• phambi (amazinyo);
• oyindilinga (canines);
• premolars (premolars).

Amazinyo imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana. Okokuqala, zinikeza yenqubo yokugaya ukudla. Ngenxa amazinyo abantu kungadla ngokugcwele ukudla. Okwesibili, lezi zakhiwo ithambo zinengxenye kumiswa yokukhuluma. Nabo akhiwa imisindo ehlukene. Okwesithathu, amazinyo bayingxenye ukumamatheka. Badlala indima ebalulekile yobuhle.

Ungaphinde ukhethe imisebenzi ehambisana ngamunye izinyo ngabanye. Bezihlahla sise phambi ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, ukunikeza ukudla slicing. Lokhu kunomthelela flat yabo ishizolo kancane. Canines umsebenzi yokuwela futhi ngaleyo ndlela avalele ukudla, njengoba waveza ukuma oyindilinga. Molars futhi premolars zinengxenye ukugaya ukudla, ngoba ezindaweni zawo ubanzi ngokwanele.

Indawo samazinyo nemihlathi

Anatomy we yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi emhlathini dentition ebonisa ukuthi bone ekwakhekeni ahlelwe ngendlela lwesikhathi, ngamunye okungase ihlukaniswe kabili (quadrant). Omunye engxenyeni womuntu omdala siqukethe 8 amazinyo:

• 3 izinyo lomhlathi;
• 2 blade;
• 1 Fang;
• 2 premolar.

Kwezinye abantu, molars, okuyinto zitholakala nemengamo zakamuva zamazinyo ngokuthi "ukuhlakanipha amazinyo" azikho. quadrant ngamunye etholwe hhayi 8, 7 futhi bone kumiswa. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela "ukuhlakanipha amazinyo" - nakanjani evamile. Kwezinye abantu esikwa iminyaka engu-24-26 kanye zidinga ukususwa ukukhula zibheke ohlangothini olungafanele, kuyilapho abanye ayiveli.

molars engenhla

Njengoba anatomy of nemihlathi engenhla nengezansi, eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo amayunithi morphological kukhona dentition molars somuntu sokujikeleza. Ziyakwazi lwaleli yamazinyo ngemuva premolars. I ongenhla 6 has molars - 3 nomunye izinyo kanti olunye uhlangothi. Ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa molars wokuqala, wesibili nowesithathu ezinkulu.

Elikhulu kunawo wonke phakathi ezinkulu izinyo impande - the izinyo lomhlathi lokuqala engenhla. He is trehkorennym. Surface izinyo lomhlathi ebhekene ngamazinyo irowu okuphambene, injalo kungenzeka isikwele noma idayimane-okwenyanga. It has a protuberance 4 (zonke kokuphakama elandelayo ihlukaniswe anemifantu):

• distal-palatal;
• distal-buccal;
• medial-buccal;
• mesial-palatal.

Eyesibili izinyo lomhlathi engenhla ezahlukene kusukela ukuhlafuna ebusweni kuqala. On nganoma 30-40% of the ntu nanso are 3 tubercle. Ngo-5% amacala zenzeka dvuhbugorkovy izinyo lomhlathi engenhla. Ngezinye izinyo ngokuvamile aqoshiwe 3 impande. Ngezinye izikhathi bobabili kukhule ndawonye.

Esesithathu izinyo lomhlathi engenhla umqhele emfushane. Bazicabela ebusweni kungenzeka trehbugorkovoy. Kwezinye abantu, lokhu izinyo has 4 egqumeni. ifomu Dvuhbugorkovaya kukalutshwana kakhulu. Izinyo lomhlathi kungase kudingeke 2, 3, kanye impande. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona Fusion wabo.

I molars aphansi

Ngokungafani molars engezansi elingenhla ngokuyinhloko ngesimo umqhele. Kungaba, aboncamane nofana pentagonal. Esinye isici esasenza molars engezansi elingenhla - inani izimpande. Ngo zokwakheka bony elise ezansi kukhona 2 impande.

Anatomy of molars mandibular simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. On the izinyo lomhlathi lokuqala has a distal, distal-lingual, buccal, distal, tubercles medial-lingual futhi mesial-buccal.
2. Ngesikhathi izinyo lomhlathi esikhulu eduze kungekho tuberosity distal. Umqhele esingokwemvelo chetyrehbugorkovy ukubukeka.
3. izinyo lomhlathi Okwesithathu, okuyinto owesincane molars ka umhlathi ongezansi, 50% wabantu has 4 hillocks, 40% - 5. Okuningi bungavami amathathu- noma shestibugorkovaya ukuhlafuna ebusweni.

I amazinyo engenhla

Bone kumiswa ise phambi ongenhla nokuba impande, ebizwa ngokuthi amazinyo engenhla. Ngokuvamile, izinyo 4 ukuba - 2 2 futhi ohlangothini emaphakathi. Nokho, odokotela ngokwethukela ebhekene edentulous oyinhloko (ulahlekile) elingenhla amazinyo lateral. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu Kondliwa ukudla okuqinile. Okuhlabayo ukudla wathatha ingxenye kanye amazinyo emaphakathi kanye lateral. Namuhla, abantu badle ukudla ethambile. Manje ngoba iluma ukudla amandla anele amazinyo emaphakathi. namazinyo Lateral abe umthwalo ubuncane. Kule ndaba, kukhona ukwehliswa yabo.

Umqhele ngesikhathi amazinyo emaphakathi ububanzi. Ohlangothini Medio-distal, ububanzi 8-9 mm. Ngokuphathelene ebusweni vestibular kuyafaneleka ukuthi amazinyo engenhla ke kuyehluka. Anatomy of the umhlathi ongezansi namazinyo engenhla ibonisa ukuthi:

• namazinyo engenhla emaphakathi kungenzeka ngesimo isikwele, unxantathu;
• abanye abantu uhlobo amazinyo engenhla kuyinto emgqonyeni emise;
• engenhla namazinyo lateral ngokuvamile sibangela esingunxantathu noma emgqonyeni ukuma.

ebusweni Palatal we amazinyo engenhla kungenzeka flat, lokwela nombala ngilugweda (noctuoidea). Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo kuxhomeke ezingeni esiphakamisa we medial futhi distal emikhulu abekelwe emaceleni esukela kumila umqhele amakhona emaphethelweni ukusika amazinyo. I elidlula elidlula isezingeni nestershihsya egoba - Kinks kanye uhlevane. Lokhu yezwakala ubalekela njengoba amazinyo obusayo ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

amazinyo aphansi

Amazinyo encane kunazo zonke ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, njengoba nokwakheka kwendawo ye mandible kukhona amazinyo ephansi. Ziyakwazi amazinyo eliphansi in lingakanani, Itholakala dentition engenhla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ku inqubo raskusyvaniya ukudla amazinyo phansi imisebenzi asizayo.

On wokusika aphansi emhlathini 4 ahlelwe - 2 2 futhi ohlangothini emaphakathi. Amazinyo emaphakathi kungase kudingeke surface aboncamane nofana ovoid vestibular. Esikhathini amazinyo lateral ke ine uhlobo unxantathu isosceles nokuba sekhaya endaweni elidlula futhi phezulu lapho entanyeni izinyo itholakala.

Ebusweni lingual we amazinyo ephansi abushelelezi, ngilugweda. Leli fomu esingunxantathu. Kanye imiphetho evele lingual amazinyo aphansi distal futhi mesial emikhulu onganakiwe. Mancane athuthukile kunangesikhathi amazinyo engenhla. Sisanda kwabheduka namazinyo Ukuqhamuka kuyinto sinuous. Uhlevane kuyabonakala. Kancane kancane ayanyamalala. Elidlula iba abushelelezi.

I canines engenhla

nokwakheka kwendawo ye ngamazinyo emihlathini yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi uhlanganisa kokuhlola canines isakhiwo. Lokhu bone ekwakhekeni enkulu ohlelweni zamazinyo kokuba impande nomqhele odnobugorkovuyu enamandla futhi eside. isakhiwo esinjalo amazinyo engenhla ngenxa imisebenzi abasenzela.

I canines engenhla zitholakala ezindaweni eguqa elingenhla lwaleli yamazinyo kusukela phambili kuya emuva. Vestibular umqhele ebusweni esingokwemvelo diamond shape. Futhi amanga roller phakathi, ebizwa nangokuthi mamelon emaphakathi. Kwezinye abantu kubonakale kahle, kanti abanye - ngokulambisa libizwa. It iphela roller lesemkhatsini edwengula egqumeni, okuyinto isici esiphawula leli canines. Kanye emaphethelweni umqhele nazo mamelons uhlangothi - mesial futhi distal. Bakha ohlangothini ubuso tuberosity.

evele Palatal ngoba canines kancane convex kanye embossed. Endaweni wesibeletho ngaphawula Bump encane. Lasuka eceleni kwakhe sentaba main siphela umugcamkhatsi yokhalo. Ezinhlangothini wena ubona distal futhi mesial emikhulu onganakiwe. Bona ukunweba angle umqhele palatal lamachubu.

izinyo isisu

Okuningi emincane futhi side umqhele, ngaphansi omkhulu - izici evelela engenhla kusukela canines aphansi. Nokho, isakhiwo zinamazinyo efanayo. Uma siqhathanisa ngamazinyo aphansi kanye engenhla emihlathini, singabona ukuthi umqhele has simise idayimane. lapha phezulu amazinyo aphansi endaweni ye rhombus edwengula tubercle it is more isicaba kuphela, incishisiwe.

Abantu abaningi bheka ayizindunduma mandible Canine. Anatomy is wachaza iqiniso lokuthi roller phakathi kuyoshaya kanye ebusweni vestibular lubonakaliswa kahle ngokwanele. I sisenza kwangasese kuvame ukugcinwa njengemfihlo kancane ebonakalayo. Nokho, abanye abantu ebusweni vestibular amazinyo has simise isicaba. I-roller phakathi ezimweni ezinjalo lingaphansi evelele.

Impumuzo we ebusweni lingual we canines ephansi impela okuncane. On ke endaweni wesibeletho has a cusp lingual. It okuhlanganisiwe ngokushelela ne yokhalo main eligcina eyesithathu phakathi kwamanzi lingual. Kanye emaphethelweni umqhele ebonakalayo emikhulu onganakiwe.

premolars engenhla

Esikhathini maxilla umuntu has premolar 4 - 2 molars encane ohlangothini ngalunye. Basuke etholakala engxenyeni phakathi lwaleli yamazinyo, ukuthatha izikhundla 4th futhi 5th. Premolars, njengoba kufakazelwa anatomy amazinyo emhlathini engenhla nengezansi, ukwenza umsebenzi asizayo phakathi machining ukudla. Bachotshozwe futhi ziyacolwa baqashwe ukudla.

Hlukanisa lo premolars lokuqala nelesibili engenhla. I premolar lokuqala kokuba umqhele ukuma prismatic kungenzeka ezimbili noma impande efanayo. Uma uyikha phezulu le occlusal likhona tubercle 2 - buccal futhi palatal. Owokuqala, njengoba umthetho, elikhulu nangaphezulu. Phakathi kwazo kunane-furrow intertubercular. Kanye emaphethelweni umqhele kukhona emikhulu onganakiwe.

Eyesibili premolar engenhla has kakhulu sakhiwo lesifanako. ambalwa kuphela izici ehlukile bungabonakala:

• izinyo ngokuvamile eyodwa izimpande umsele kanye impande;
• kancane sezwe bushelelezi;
• izigaxa ukuhlafuna babe cishe lobulinganako;
• lamagquma lateral kukhona ampofu.

premolars aphansi

I ephansi encane molars, ngokungafani irowu mancane, impande eside olulodwa futhi umqhele babanjwa ukuma esigabeni ovundlile. Abantu abazi anatomy we ephansi emhlathini amazinyo, ukuhlukanisa premolars lokuqala nelesibili aphansi, kancane ezahlukene isakhiwo.

Eyokuqala kufana Canine. Lezi namazinyo sengathi imiqhele. Nokho, bicuspid, canines ngokungafani, zikhona 2 hillocks phezu nut. Eyokuqala yalezi ubizwa ngokuthi buccal, kanti eyesibili - lingual. uhlevane Ohlukene furrow intertubercular. Kubantu abaningi, it is iphazanyiswe ikamu lesemkhatsini transverse.

premolar Okwesibili, njengoba kufakazelwa komzimba womuntu we umhlathi ongezansi inkudlwana kulokuqala. Bazicabela amaqabunga dvuhbugorkovoy. Ngezinye izikhathi ezikhonjwe 3 ngisho 4 tubercle. On kobuso bicuspid has a furrow ezijulile transverse nge ekupheleni ramifications. Umsuka premolar yesibili lungaphezu kuqala.

Ngakho, namazinyo lapho ongenhla futhi aphansi, isakhiwo, umumo womzimba salezi zici - ngesihloko kunzima kodwa ezithakazelisayo. Ngalinye kumiswa ithambo zakhiwa izicubu ekhethekile has lezitsha zalo siqu igazi apharathasi sezinzwa. namazinyo isakhiwo kunzima ngempela, ngoba incike imisebenzi abasenzela.