Ancient Egypt. Unyaka ka kumiswa isimo esisodwa Egypt

I kwaphumela eminyaka cishe 40 edlule e-Afrika nempucuko waseGibhithe ingenye endala futhi kunazo okuyimfihlakalo kule planethi yethu. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, loMfula isimo Nile yayikhona inkolo yabo, isiko kanye idivayisi. Kamuva esihlokweni uyofunda umlando unyaka kusungulwa kombuso owodwa eGibhithe, futhi ikakhulukazi isimo.

protogosudarstva

Igama Ancient Egypt lisetshenziswa ekubhekiseleni kuyo esifundeni ezinomlando ngaphakathi lapho impucuko waseGibhithe. Unyaka ka kumiswa isimo esisodwa eGibhithe noma cha ngokunembile ezaziwayo. ngempucuko yasendulo sekukhona eminye iminyaka 6000 BC phezu lomfula engcwele iNayile. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi emfuleni babe emizaneni noma protogosudarstva, okuyinto anikeza ugqozi ukuqhubeka Upper futhi Lower Egypt. Le nkathi ubizwa ososayensi njengoba pre-dynastic.

Ikhulu V khona Babengaphezu kwamashumi amane nemizana ahlukene kwakheka delta. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube khona ukwakheka isimo esisodwa eGibhithe, labantu protogosudarstva babekhona. isiphetho ngalinye lalisekamelweni ezimele. Labantu waziphatha ukucutshungulwa umhlaba futhi ukutshalwa okusanhlamvu. Indawo elula kwenza ukuba bahlanganyele ukuhweba. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunebandla ebugqilini. Izigqila baba iziboshwa wathatha phezu ngenxa kuphangwa lempi.

Unyaka ka kumiswa isimo esisodwa Egypt

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kanye kudalwa ngenkasa izinhlelo, inikwe amandla ezindaweni eyodwa control ngenkasa kanye kakhulu lula izimpilo bendawo, kuyashesha kumiswa isimo. Ancient Egypt ke kwaba noma - ahlukene zokuhlala ezizimele, okuyinto benziwe zokwakheka emikhulu. South esifundeni emelelwa elibangise eNhla neGibhithe, nasenyakatho - Lower Egypt.

Isikhathi, okuyinto esibalwa ekuqaleni isimo waseGibhithe, has igama dynastic, ngoba nguye kuvula eminyaka ubudala lwamakhosi oFaro. Phakathi abacwaningi bazitshela ukuthi isimo esisodwa Egypt kwamiswa 3 million eminyakeni BC. Upper futhi Lower laseGibhithe kwakuyilaba obumbene waba inhloko-dolobha Cheney noma Thinis (ngesiGreki). Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi yomibili Egypt yahlanganiswa futhi kabusha ihlukaniswe ngaphambili. emithonjeni ehlukene ukubika igama elihlukile umbusi owadala umbuso waseGibhithe, mhlawumbe kwaba Menes, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi igama Ming sika.

Iziphathimandla umphakathi

Ngo EGibhithe lasendulo, lo faro kwaba le nkosi ngokuphelele. amandla akhe ayebekelwe angenamkhawulo, kubhekwa umbusi main kanye nomholi wezempi kwamazwe waseGibhithe. Kube cult okhethekile faro, ngoba kwahlonzwa nonkulunkulu. UFaro ubengase aqoke abantu ezikhundleni ukukhetha angabapristi ukuba umklomelo isigwebo sokufa. Njalo irula inobungako izichasiso: i nesilevu yokufakelwa, namasongo ezandleni zabo, isikhumba sengonyama.

umndeni kaFaro matasa aphakeme ezingeni emphakathini. Isandla sokunene UFaro wazithukuthelela dia. Wakwazi izimali, izimpahla, zomlando. Dia, izikhulu nababhali babemi ku isinyathelo sesibili - babengamaqhawe ukhilimu we umphakathi waseGibhithe. Ngemva kwabo, nezicukuthwane babe ngabapristi - the oFaro abeluleki nabaphathi amathempeli amahlelo enkolo. Bonke babethenga lesigaba esibusayo emphakathini.

Okulandelayo, amasosha emasha sabaphathi, kulandele ababazi kubo. Ochwepheshe ayengaphansi kokulawula tembuso kantsi zakhokhelwa ngokuqondile yengcebo isimo. Ngemuva kubo babelwa imisebenzi ethile. Kwabe sekulandela abalimi, ukusebenza ikakhulukazi imiselekazi wokunisela. Phansi ikhalisiwe babe izigqila.

Isiko Ancient Egypt

Emagugu emasiko waseGibhithe lasendulo libanzi. Isikhathi esiningi art athuthukile njengehlelo lenkolo. Ngokuyinhloko umkhiqizo eyenzelwe umufi. Akwaziwa imibhoshongo emhlabeni wonke amathuna noma izikhungo poslesmertnymi izindlu oFaro nemindeni yabo.

ifa Architectural limelela izakhiwo zethempeli nezigodlo, isib, Luksorsky ethempelini. Umsebenzi wezandla wawufanekisela. Imidwebo le zamathempeli, amathuna, izigodlo ngaphakathi ingxenye ayihlanganisi imidwebo kuphela, kodwa futhi izinhlamvu. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, amaGibhithe ayesebenzisa upende, ezifanayo isimiso kuya yesimanje. Kwaba colorants zemvelo ezifana carbon omnyama, i-carbon, ithusi nensimbi kuphela netshe, ixutshwe umphenyi okhethekile okukhuthaza ubunzima. Ingxube asha futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izingcezu, futhi wetted ngamanzi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

A uhlelo athuthukile izinkolelo nemikhuba ehambisana nabo. AbaseGibhithe azange abe munye enkolweni ethile. Kunalokho, kwaba eningi wezenkolo ngabanye. Ngokuba yilowo nalowo unkulunkulu kwakukhona ithempeli, okuyinto ongafikanga nsuku zonke futhi wayeya esontweni kuphela ngamaholidi. Thina kwenziwe futhi elawulwa amasiko nabapristi benkolo amaholide.

isiphetho

Ngenxa lithathelwe zalo ezinhle nokuthuthukiswa nesigodi emfuleni iNayile kanye nenhlangano ezinhle lwabasebenzi, abaseGibithe lasendulo bakwazi ukwakha isimo esinamandla. Ososayensi ungakaqiniseki ukuthi konyaka kwetinhlavu isimo esisodwa eGibhithe. Nokho, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi baseGibhithe lasendulo impucuko uye washiya uphawu okuphawulekayo emlandweni wesintu.