Kumiswa, Imfundo yesibili nezikole

Australia: imithombo yemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo

Wamazwe ase-Australia yilona lizwe kuphela oluthatha i nezwekazi lonke. Ukuthinta kanjani nemithombo yemvelo-Australia? Imininingwane emayelana ingcebo yezwe kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo Kamuva sizoxoxa ngani esihlokweni.

geography

Izwe itholakala kuleli zwekazi efanayo, okuyinto ngokuphelele elise Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Ngaphezu ezwekazini, Australia sihlanganisa eminye iziqhingi, kuhlanganise Tasmania. ugu oluhle State bahlanza by Pacific nasolwandle Indian kanye nezilwandle.

Ngu ndawo, ezweni lifaka lesithupha emhlabeni, kodwa njengoba izwekazi lase-Australia luncane. Bekanye archipelagos eziningi futhi iziqhingi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yePacific, ziyingxenye emhlabeni Australia nase-Oceania.

Izwe iseningizimu esishintshashintshayo subequatorial, ezishisayo nakwezifudumele we isiqhingi saseTasmania Itholakala zone athokomele. Ngenxa ibanga abalulekile kusuka kwamanye amazwekazi sezulu e-Australia kuncike kakhulu ku-yolwandle. Insimu nezwekazi ikakhulukazi emathafeni, ezintabeni zitholakala nje ngasempumalanga. Zilinganiselwa ku-20% isikhala kuhlala ezingwadule.

Australia: imithombo yemvelo kanye nemibandela

remoteness Geographical kanye izimo ezinzima ziye zaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni isimo esingavamile. izifunda eyihlane emaphakathi zaleli zwekazi ethulwa emaqeleni ezomile, okuyinto zambozwa nezihlahla ongaphakeme. yesomiso esathatha isikhathi eside is alternated nge izimvula isikhathi eside.

izimo elawula ziye zaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni izilwane nezitshalo wendawo zinhlobo amadivayisi ezikhethekile ukubamba umswakama futhi sibhekane okushisa aphakeme. E-Australia, ekhaya ukuze ama-marsupial eziningi, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni ibe nezimpande eziqinile komhlaba.

Ezindaweni asentshonalanga nasenyakatho kwezimiso ethambile. Umswakama okuyinto kulethwa eziphephweni, Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-amahlathi emvula aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi amathafa. Kwakamuva ukunikeza nedlelo esihle kakhulu izinkomo nezimvu.

izinsiza Marine engokwemvelo Australia nase-Oceania Awukude ngemuva. ULwandle Coral iyona edume endaweni kweGreat Barrier Reef yase 345.000 amakhilomitha square. Ematsheni uhlalwe engaphezu kuka-1000 ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphezu, ulwandle izimfudu, ezinamagobolondo. Lidonsa oshaka, amahlengethwa nezindlovu izinyoni.

imithombo yamanzi

I elome kunawo - kuba Australia. kwemithombo yemvelo ifomu emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi ethulwa lapha ngempela esincane. Bangaphezu kuka-60% kuleli zwekazi kukhona undrained. River Murray (ubude - 2375 amakhilomitha) nge nemingenela Goulburn, Darling Murrumbidgee kubhekwe kwekulu.

emifuleni Iningi inikwa amandla yi-imvula, ngokuvamile amancane ngosayizi. Ezinkathini ezomile bome ngisho Murray, ukwakha amachibi ngabanye amile. Noma kunjalo, bonke nemingenela yayo, kanye sleeves zakhiwa amadamu, dykes kanye amadamu.

amachibi Australian ayimigodi encane, lapho izingqimba phansi kukhona usawoti. Njengalezi emfuleni, bagcwala amanzi emvula, zithambekele iphele ukuphuma futhi abanalo ukugeleza. Ngakho-ke, izinga namachibi kulelivekati njalo ziyaguquguquka. Emachibini ezinkulu emoyeni, uGregory, Lake Gairdner.

izidubedube

Akuyona indawo yokugcina kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela emhlabeni amaminerali kuthatha Australia. Izinto ezingokwemvelo yalolu hlobo ngenkuthalo misela kuleli zwe. Emkhakheni iziqhingi eshalofini futhi ugu kukhishwe igesi yemvelo namafutha, empumalanga - amalahle. Izwe futhi imikhando ocebile izinsimbi non-ayoni namaminerali-non-metallic (isib isihlabathi, asbestos, mica, ubumba, limestone).

Australia, imithombo yemvelo okuyizinto ikakhulukazi okumbiwa phansi uhlamvu, okuholela inani bauxite misela futhi zirconium. Ingenye izinqolobane wezwe uranium, manganese namalahle. Ngo engxenyeni esentshonalanga, yilapho kanye esiqhingini Tasmania elise metal isizinda, zinc, isiliva, phambili nethusi ezimayini.

ezifakwa Igolide ayahlakazeka cishe wonke amazwekazi, zigcine ezinkulu engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Australia amumethe amatshe ayigugu, kuhlanganise amadayimane, eliyigugu i-opal. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-90% ukunikezela wezwe eliyigugu i-opal. Itshe ngobukhulu atholakala 1989, ulesisindo carats engaphezu kwengu-20 000.

izinsiza ihlathi

Izilwane nezitshalo kwemithombo yemvelo-Australia ahlukile. Iningi izinhlobo sendawo, elikhona kuphela kuleli zwekazi. Phakathi kunazo owaziwa zikagamthilini izihlahla, zazo zikhona mayelana 500 zilwane. Nokho, akuyona yonke kungaba ozibongayo Australia.

izinsiza zemvelo zezwe amelwa amahlathi esihle. Nokho, hlala% 2 kuphela insimu futhi zitholakala ezigodini emfuleni. Ngenxa ezomile ezimileni ubuswa zinhlobo nesomiso-ukubekezela: amaSucculents, umtholo, abanye okusanhlamvu. Ngo ezinomswakama ngaphezulu ingxenye enyakatho ntshonalanga zikagamthilini giant izihlahla zikhule, wamasundu bamboos, imihlume, izitshalo zenjoloba.

abameleli nezilwane Australia kukhona mayelana ezimbili likhulu lamawaka, 80% okuyizinto sekuphenduke umkhuba. Ingabe izakhamuzi ejwayelekile ka kangaroo, emu, uSathane Tasmanian, isibankwa giant, platypus, Dingo, impungushe flying, zesigcilikisha zikwazi enesihlungu, i-koala, Cuza nabanye. Ezwekazini naseziqhingini eduze kuhlala kwezinhlobo eziningi izinyoni (Lyrebirds, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi abamnyama, izinyoni ipharadesi, cockatoos), ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezihuquzelayo (ingwenya Slender-snouted, omnyama, frilled, ihlosi inyoka).