Architecture yeNdiya

Enye impumelelo evelele kunazo sempucuko Indian ngokungangabazeki izakhiwo. Kodwa akukhona nje ezikhumbuzo enkulu ezifana eziyinkimbinkimbi odumile we Taj Mahal, Khajuraho futhi Vijayanagar. izakhiwo India onhlobonhlobo. Njengoba-ke uye savela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, babonakalisa kwezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho, izimo ngokwebalazwe, ethize ukuze lizwe.

Phakathi nokubusa Ashoka Elikhulu (273 BC - 232 BC) kwenziwa ukwakhiwa emikhulu of Buddhist zezindela kanye stupas.

izakhiwo Buddhist eNdiya wanqoba ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka, futhi abanye amasampula wakha izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibabazekayo ezisekhona kuze kube sezikhathini zanamuhla - Great Stupa e Sanchi emzaneni, elakhiwa uMbusi Ashoka, obhekwa ngowokuqala ukuba angene umlando nethempeli-emhumeni eyinkimbinkimbi Ajanta.

Ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili, nenyunyana emibuso wamaHindu, kwaba okuyizona isitayela yezakhiwo esikoleni eningizimu. I impumelelo edume kunayo Pallava lwamakhosi, ogama zikahulumeni iye igxile insimu esenyakatho isimo yesimanje of Tamil Nadu (4-9 cc.) Ingabe eziyinkimbinkimbi Ithempeli-umhume emathempelini Mahabalipuram futhi Kanchipuram.

Ababusi Chola States Hoyasala, Vijayanagar futhi wazama ushiye uphawu bokwakha Indian.

Architecture Hoyasala (ephakathi 11 no-14) - isitayela yezakhiwo, selifinyelele inani eliphakeme esithile ngekhulu le-13. ukwakhiwa Active amathempeli esimweni Hoyasala kwakubangelwa kwezenhlalo, kwezamasiko, izenzakalo zezombusazwe langaleso sikhathi. izinkondlo nezici zendlela yokubhala bokwakha ethempelini ibonisa izakhi amasiko enkolo ayethandwa ka Vaishnava futhi Veera Shaiva nakwezempi ngobuqhawe Hoyasaly ababusi, ezama ukudlula eWestern Chalukya overlords, nokuthi ukuvela ngokuyinhloko impumelelo kwezobuciko.

Akhiwe isimo Karnataka, Chennakeshava (Belur), Hoysaleshvara (Halebid), Keshava (Somnathpur) izibonelo emangalisayo bokwakha zenkolo, sibonga ngalo kukhona ithuba elihle kakhulu ukuhlola amasiko medieval yezakhiwo. Ngo Karnataka wahlala amasonto mayelana 100, ikakhulu Malenadu esifundeni, lapho isimo kwaba Hoyasala.

Nge izakhiwo ehlangene namatshe aqoshiwe of India. Ngakho, inkosi Hoyasaly imifanekiso abadumile onkulunkulu wamaHindu, izigcawu kusukela epics nokuphila kwansuku zonke. art sazo esingavamile libonisa ukunakwa ngokucophelela imininingwane, zonke izici uphelele, kuze kube amathiphu neminwe nezinzipho e eziqoshiwe.

I lezinkanyezi kakhulu impumelelo Vijayanagar isimo - Meenakshi ethempelini (Madurai, Tamil Nadu).

Endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi saseKerala kwamiswa zinendlela yazo izakhiwo, okuyinto kuhlangene Buddhist kanye namasiko wamaHindu. Isibonelo emangalisa lokhu - Ellora (Kerala), lapho amaHindu Ungeze iqoqo elisha amathempeli kanye eziqoshiwe ukuze Buddhist emihumeni. Enye indalo enhle kakhulu iningi Ellora - Kailasa ithempeli - omangalisayo idwala ethempelini imifanekiso emangalisayo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo enyakatho neNdiya athuthukile isitayela ehlukile bokwakha eyaziwa ngokuthi isitayela Indian Nagara. Ngamagama lamathempeli ezakhiwa nge ezinde unxande ingxenye maphakathi.

Enkabeni India Chandela ababusi bakha i eziyinkimbinkimbi emangalisayo amathempeli ka Khajuraho.

Ngesikhathi kubusa amakhosi ohlanga we Mughal izakhiwo eNdiya emelelwa okubizwa ngokuthi isitayela Islamic-Indian, ngaphezulu ezaziwa ngokuthi isitayela imperial (wayengasekho ngokuqinile Islamic, noma Indian ngokuqinile).

Nge kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni India uye wazakhela isitayela ngokuthi izakhiwo Indo-namaMoor ihlanganisa wamaHindu, Islamic futhi izakhi European. I isitayela Indo-namaMoor eNdiya eyakhelwe izakhiwo zomphakathi - iposi, eziteshini zezitimela, amahhovisi kahulumeni, amakhaya lonke.