Art kwekhulu XX. Futurism ezincwadini nokudweba

Ekuqaleni kwawo-kancane "anikine» XIX futhi XX eminyaka izwe. Ukwanda okusheshayo zokukhiqiza yezimboni, ekuqiniseni-capitalism, ukuze nge salo sengqondo sokungafuni elawula futhi pragmatic ekuphileni, ukuba indoda, ukwazi okuhlanekezelwe zabantu, yaqinisa ukuphikisana phakathi kwezifiso wesiko unhurried kwekhulu eziphumayo wildness zemvelo kwekhulu Ukuza. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunzima kanjani ukuba amukele le mithetho entsha yokuphila, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunzima kanjani ukuba ahlukane ajwayelekile futhi othandekayo, ushintsho lwaluthatha isikhathi akunakugwenywa, futhi impendulo yokuqala kubo Kuvezwe ezingqondweni zabantu zokudala njengoba iningi babazi uzizwe ukuqala kwenkathi entsha.

Ngo-1909 e-Italy Tommaso Marinetti sika-Futurist Manifesto sikhululiwe - entsha isiqondiso 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, umcondvo lobalulekile owawungumnyaka kuphikisa ephelele nezimiso ezimisiwe ukudalwa zobuciko. Futhi uma kukhona ukunyakaza avant-garde nezobuciko izincwadi owaqala ngokuvukela nokunqatshelwa canons kanye namasiko, i-futurism ikakhulukazi waphumelela kule, kusukela kakhulu yabo Abashisekeli. Marinetti, umsebenzi oyinhloko isiqondiso entsha wamemezela desecration nsuku zonke zelathi Ubuciko futhi zigcinwe njengezinto okumele amandla, ubudlova, ukunyakaza nasekubhujisweni.

ERussia, ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, ukudideka ezingqondweni wayemkhulu, abaculi babefuna amafomu amasha yokukhuluma sikhathi esinzima, ukuze noma yimuphi umkhuba abasafufusa art kukhona impendulo gracious Futurism kwaba okufanayo. Kunalokho, Futurism ezincwadini kanye Umdwebo eRussia kwakwandile. Abaningi abalobi ezidumile futhi izimbongi, futhi kamuva emlandweni isiko (Mayakovsky, I. Owasenyakatho, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk, B. Pasternak), waqala ukuphuma njengoba ilungu imibuthano Futuristic eziningi, uhlelo zomgunyathi nezindaba eziphathelene manifestos eziningi ekumemezeleni izimiso entsha art ukunyakaza kwakufanele kubo okuningi obaluleke ngaphezu art. Cubo-Futurists, Ego-Futurists, futhi Suprematists stsientisty futhi nichevoki vsek washaya umcabango womphakathi hhayi kuphela ngoba amazwi akhe nokhahlo mayelana art bendabuko, kodwa futhi ngobuciko bayo engavamile, kanye Antics ome njengeqanda kakhulu. Iningi labo lalilisha ngempela okuhle "abakhiqizi" ngokwabo. Abenzi kuphela wasebenza ubuciko entsha, kodwa futhi kakhulu ngempumelelo kuvezwa umphakathi ke, abahola imali eningi kule. Izindlela eziyinhloko self-isethulo babe amahlazo yomphakathi, okubangela ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Okuthusayo, bona bakhangwa umphakathi, umphakathi uzimisele ngempela ukuba beze nemibukiso kusihlwa tetemibhalo, enika ithikithi imali eningi.

ERussia, entsha avant-garde ukunyakaza kubonakala ikakhulukazi izinkondlo. Futurism ezincwadini wabonakaliswa ngokucacile ekudalweni entsha amazwi, amafonethiki uzwakale-syntax engavamile. Igama for izimbongi entsha ulahlekelwe nencazelo yawo ajwayelekile semantic futhi lucebe, yaphenduka okokusebenza plastic yemisindo lapho ufuna "sculpt" noma isiphi isakhiwo, ukudala entsha, inhlanganisela esingavamile ngempela, lapho incazelo yamazwi kaJesu yaba yini into ebaluleke, kodwa, kunalokho, kudale ezinye nezincazelo. Ngakho, ngo-izincwadi futurism Ngazama ukudala ulimi olusha, live lentsandvo yelinyenti kanye mass, bavumelane ushintsho yesimanje emphakathini, kuqondwe bonke futhi ziyamukeleka kubo bonke.

Isiqondiso entsha in ubuciko hhayi kuphela bafuna ukukuqonda futhi sibudlulisele imihlola eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenzeka emhlabeni, kodwa futhi emhlabeni uguqule, noma wenze isikhathi. Futurism izincwadi kwahluka ucwaningo esingavamile ngempela ezihambisana ngemibala izithombe nemisindo namazwi. Ngakho, ngamunye unkamisa futhi ungwaqa umsindo kukhonjwe umbala umdlalo othize. Ukuhlanganisa nabo izinkondlo zakhe, lo Futurists wadala ngamazwi ezimise kombala, ngaleyo ndlela uzama adlulisele isimo esithile.

Futurism ezincwadini eduze zithandelana nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko. Lokhu wathola ngaphakathi sasivumela chithi saka imidwebo, lapho abanye imbongi-futurists babe abaculi original kakhulu, isb V.Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov, Kamenskii V et al. Futurism in umdwebo njengoba izincwadi, ebonakaliswa ucwaningo elikhanyayo. Futhi abadwebi Kazimir Malevich, uPavel Filonov nabanye. Ngosizo emabhulashini nopende ephethwe kahle kakhulu futhi ngokucacile ku-canvas yilokhu izimbongi wafuna emisebenzini yakhe yobuciko.

Futurism - ukuhlubuka, uyaphika art bendabuko kanye umzamo ukwakha entsha, phambili. It ucwaningo ngamazwi nemisindo, ukufuna izakhiwo ezintsha syntactic futhi semantic, ebusa ngentando yeningi, kuyaqondakala uquqaba futhi wakwazi ukuveza kugucuka eziyinkimbinkimbi emphakathini we ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.