Ukugwazela isikhulu sikahulumeni. YezokuLamula e ukufumbathisa. we Criminal Code

Kukhona neze ezweni lanamuhla, omdala ongakaze wezwa ukufunjathiswa nenkohlakalo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ibhekene cishe zonke izakhamuzi, ngiziphilela ukuphila nabanye abantu kwande.

Ngeshwa, kaningi emphakathini wanamuhla kunezimo lapho noma isiphi isinqumo esibalulekile empilweni yomuntu incike isikhulu esithile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emkhakheni yebhizinisi nakwezomnotho, ukuhweba, ukwakhiwa, nokunye. D. Ukulinganiselwa imithetho yentela, imithetho namasiko, Criminal Code kanye Ikhodi Administrative, imithetho yomgwaqo zisebenza kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zezwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulandela ngokucophelela umthetho kuyinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo lapho izikhulu kufunwe ukufunjathiswa bona izenzo kudingeka bathathe ngumthetho. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ngokufumbathisa ukuthi esemthethweni - enhle, futhi ngenxa lezi zici sokonakala sibe izimbali zawo ziwukudla abaningi unyaka ngamunye. "Musa gcoba izandla zabo - ungeke uhambe ..." - wabubula izakhamuzi bona futhi uyavuma nemfuneko esemthethweni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, yokupha nokwamukela ukugwazelwa - ubugebengu kwezomnotho, yisigwebo umthetho.

291 Isihloko. ukufumbathisa Ikotishi

I Penal Code, sisebenza okwamanje ku Russian Federation (Criminal Code) wamukelwa ngonyaka ka 1996. Uhlinzeka isijeziso ngenxa izinhlobo ezimbili amacala - ukufumbathisa olusemthethweni ukwamukela isifumbathiso. Ngaphansi isifumbathiso bona umvuzo sezimali esemthethweni, wamthembisa noma etholwe kuye ukugcwaliseka yemfanelo yayo ngokushesha. Ukufumbathisa isikhulu - kuyicala zamazwe amabili. Umamukeli isifumbathiso ibizwa ngokuthi ukungakhethi isifumbathiso futhi nalowo onikeza isifumbathiso - the briber.

Njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni 291 we Criminal Code, ukugwaza ngo olusemthethweni nokusetshenziswa umlamuleli noma mathupha - ke Kulicala okungukuthi esithola esihle e nenani izikhathi eziyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi devyanostokratnoy maqondana ukufumbathisa noma ukuboshwa kweminyaka emibili kuya kwabayishumi nambili, kuye ngezimo icala futhi ukugwazela ngosayizi. isihluku abhekwa imali ethe ukuba zingabambi isifumbathiso, ukugwaza ngo-okusemthethweni ukuthi waluvuza izenzo ngamabomu ezingekho emthethweni (yokungenzi). Kulezi zimo isijeziso ubugebengu kuyoba esiqinile. Ubugebengu - isiphathimandla isifumbathiso - ubhekwa ephelele ngesikhathi ethola isifumbathiso ukungakhethi okungenani ingxenye ingcebo kusukela briber noma umlamuli. necala lobugebengu ngesifumbathiso kwenzeka, kusukela eminyakeni engu-16. Isijeziso ubugebengu kanye nabashushisi kungagwenywa uma briber ngokuzithandela ecele usizo ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho, wasiza ukuxazulula ubugebengu kwaqinisekisa nokuthi isifumbathiso engayiphanga kunoma kuye. Kulokhu, umshushisi sisebenza kuphela ku-isifumbathiso-ukungakhethi.

ukuthola ukufunjathiswa. Article 290 of Criminal Code

Namukela umvuzo, njengoba sathola ukuthi kuyicala. Noma ukwamukela isifumbathiso ngabasebenzi kubhekwa omunye amacala abucayi kakhulu kwezomnotho. Kulokhu, isisebenzi sikahulumeni ithola ingcebo zezakhamizi, usebenzisa isikhundla sakhe sabaprofethi, ngoba ukusebenza noma imisebenzi non-eqondile esivuna briber. Ukuze lolu hlobo ububi esithola esihle kuze kube devyanostokratnogo usayizi imivuzo, ejele iminyaka efinyelela ku nambili ubudala noma nokususwa esikhundleni, kuye ngobukhulu besikhumba saleso ukufunjathiswa nezinye isihluku yobugebengu. Ngokwesibonelo, irisidi okuphindiwe isifumbathiso liyakushunyayelwa esiqinile kunesono ecaleni angawodwa. Ngu ngokuphindaphindiwe bathatha imali yokugwazelwa baqonde ukuthola izinzuzo izinto ezingaphezu kuka kabili oyedwa. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuhlukunyezwa zokuzifunela okwabo amandla olusemthethweni kuyinto yisigwebo umthetho.

impango nokuhuheka

Impango nokuhuheka isifumbathiso kuyinto esandisayo e uphenyo umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa. Uma kungenzeka yokuthi impango nokuhuheka efakazelwe briber ikhululwe ekuhlanganyeleni necala lobugebengu kanye nokulekelela emagunyeni ayaphenya. Impango nokuhuheka olusemthethweni kusho ukuthi isisebenzi sikahulumeni kudinga isinxephezelo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo ehlangene nezithakazelo zoMbusi briber, noma, kunalokho, ngenxa yokuthi akaqondi ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze uyiswe ngokomthetho. Usongo ungaboniswa yokuthi esemthethweni okukhulunywe umsebenzi, ukungabi amaphepha adingekayo noma izinto, eyayenziwe kudala zonke izinhlobo zezithiyo ukwenza isinqumo, okuyinto ezazikhathaza briber. Noma olusemthethweni uxwayisa ngokuthi ukudala izimo athiya imisebenzi lowo muntu othintekayo, noma izimo eziletha ukulinyazwa briber, okuyinto kungagwenywa uma imizamo ukukhokha okuthe xaxa. Inkokhelo - lena isifumbathiso. Criminal Code sihlinzekela isijeziso kuphela ngoba isifumbathiso-ukungakhethi ngosizo yokuzithandela we briber.

Umlando umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa

Igama elithi "ukubola" livela egameni corrumpire - zingahlukumezi ehhovisi, ukugwazela, ukumosha. Leli gama yaqale esetshenziswa komthetho wamaRoma - ngisho Yuliy Tsezar wayelwa ngokumelene ukufumbathisa, wenqabela amabhayisikobho ezikhulwini ezithile ukuze bathole umqhele wegolide kusukela emadolobheni ukuthi wakunikela sokuvikelwa. Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu, izikhulu unganqikazi ukuthola inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo, usebenzisa isikhundla sakhe sabaprofethi, nokufumbathisa kwakwandile. I bakahulumeni Russian banikwa "yokudla" - imali ethile kusukela nesithakazelo impumelelo abantu babo ibhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nezikhulu wakhushulelwa amaholo kusukela Treasury State. Ngesifumbathiso jezisa amakhosi Ivan III, Ivan Grozny, uPeter Omkhulu. Kwakukhona eminyakeni lapho ukufumbathisa kwakunesijeziso sokufa.

Ukufumbathisa kwakuvamile yonke indawo eMpumalanga, kodwa kukhona kwaba daropodnosheniya uhlamvu. NgeNkathi Ephakathi naseMpumalanga, futhi, alwa ukufumbathisa, izikhulu sokuzicabangela basuswa ezihlalweni zabo futhi bajeziswa.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-XIX, uhulumeni lithole zonke amandla amakhulu ukulawula isimo busakazeke futhi liye lasakazekela yonke imikhakha yempilo yezakhamuzi. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukunwetshwa umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa, izikhulu nabezombusazwe kuwo wonke amazinga cishe sekube obala usebenzisa isikhundla sakhe sabaprofethi, hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba abanike ukufunjathiswa kwizakhamizi. Kwamanye amazwe, ephanga enjalo wathatha ngendlela iminikelo party - okungukuthi, ngokungathathi ukugwazela ezinye izikhulu nezinduna, abamele amaqembu.

muva Inkohlakalo ingenye yezindawo zokuqala emkhakheni ubugebengu kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke. Abaphathi abakhohlakele futhi ohulumeni ukumela olukhulu kunoma yiliphi izwe, njengoba ziphazamise ukuthuthukiswa yezwe futhi ukudelela igunya uhulumeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukusongela ukuphepha izakhamuzi zakhona. Ngakho, ngo-70s kwekhulu elidlule lapho kungamanyala ngenxa inkampani American "Lockheed", okuyinto bathengisa izindiza eliphansi eJalimane futhi Japan. Izikhulu lezi amazwe wathola izinzuzo ezingokwezimali wenkampani.

Lo mkhuba ukonakala incike izinga lokuphila ezweni ngalinye kanye yokuphila kazwelonke. Ngokwesibonelo, it is wafakazela ukuthi elaseJapane China, lapho kutshalwa ngokuhlakanipha nokuzinikela izikhulu kanye nabaholi uhulumeni wabo, ukufumbathisa ukusakaza kancane kancane ukwedlula kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kungenxa futhi imithetho emazweni - kukhona ukujeziswa ngokuthatha ukufunjathiswa eqinile.

kucocisana

Wamabhange e ukufumbathisa - izenzo besithathu anomthelela ukuzuzwa isivumelwano phakathi briber futhi isifumbathiso ukungakhethi noma ukugwazela ukusakaza komunye umhlanganyeli kwenye ubugebengu. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuthatha noma enikeza isifumbathiso ngomkhulumeli kulula - isifumbathiso-ukungakhethi futhi briber abangalwazi nomunye njalo, futhi kulokhu, umlamuleli ehilelekile a ukuphepha mkhulu futhi waba nokwethenjelwa. Ngokuvamile, umlamuleli futhi anezinye umvuzo wemali kwezinkonzo zazo - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho iphesenti Imininingwane lemali adlulisiwe ukufunjathiswa.

Wamabhange e yokufumbathisa yisigwebo umthetho kuphela khona imivuzo emikhulu (Article 291,1 we Criminal Code). usayizi Obalulekile ubhekwa kuwufanele ruble abangaphezu kuka-25 000. Ukuze kucocisana kuyinto esithola esihle kuze kube sorokakratnogo usayizi imivuzo, noma aboshwe iminyaka emihlanu. Isijeziso lincike ubukhulu ukufunjathiswa nezinye isihluku - isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa i nezikhulu umlamuli noma esiningi ikakhulukazi ozokuthola.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, usizo noma iyathinteka ubugebengu kungaba bajeziswe ngokomthetho, hhayi kuphela lapho ubulelesi kanye kuphelile, kepha okwamanje lapho umlamuli unikezele amasevisi zayo amaqembu ukufunjathiswa. Isithembiso nje wobulamuli isivele kuyicala kwezomnotho.

Izinkinga labalulekile eluLwimi uphenyo umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa

Uphenyo umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbela uphenyo zobugebengu, Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esimweni umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa hhayi okuthiwa izisulu - bonke abahlanganyeli nentshisekelo ukufunjathiswa ukuthi leli qiniso akusho makwaziwe yibo komthetho. Ukonakala isenzo letihlomulisa, futhi ungcolisa ezimweni eziningi, akanandaba iqiniso lokuthi ubugebengu phendla - kuba ngenxa yentshisekelo siqu iqhaza ubugebengu kanye nabashushisi izimfuno zawo. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho isifumbathiso-zimiso kuyinto violator yomthetho, ikhodi yentela, imithetho yomgwaqo, Ikhodi lobugebengu noma zokuphatha.

Omunye eziyingozi kakhulu kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa umphakathi, iyona elihlala njalo phakathi briber kanye ukungakhethi isifumbathiso, okuyinto kuphakama esimweni ukusekelwa olusemthethweni, kancane kancane wayenethonya izaphulamthetho.

Zonke izimo kwande lapho izikhulu, ngaphezu post yakhe, abe izinhlangano zabo zezomnotho amabhizinisi. intshisekelo yezimali ka kabili abo futhi asekelwe yizikhulu igunya futhi umthamo.

Ukusabalala ukufumbathisa kuyo yonke imikhakha

Ngokwezibalo, ukusatshalaliswa enamandla kakhulu lithole ukufunjathiswa kwabezomthetho. Ngokuvamile amaphoyisa nabameleli ihhovisi lomshushisi kwabona elonakele, njengoba ukufunjathiswa beqonda njengoba isinxephezelo ngomsebenzi wabo onzima, hhayi okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele zikhokhwa nguhulumeni. Ukugwazela amaphoyisa, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye isikhulu - kuyicala. amaphoyisa Traffic ngokuvamile hhayi kuphela namukela umvuzo, kodwa ukuba abanike kubo. Eminyakeni yamuva lokhu mkhuba uye ukujwayelana kakhulu futhi cishe evamile - naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo nguhulumeni, yenzelwa ukuyiqeda nya inkohlakalo. Ngeshwa, iningi lezakhamuzi ukwamukela imigomo kusho izikhulu nabalingani ungagxambukeli ukuthatha ukufunjathiswa.

Abamele izikhulu, benzi bentando ezahlukene neminyango ngokuvamile nethuba lokuthola isifumbathiso. Izikhulu eziningi, futhi ezinye izinkinga ayikwazi ixazululwe ngaphandle kwawo nokubamba iqhaza, futhi abanye abasebenzi abonakele ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona amacala ukufumbathisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo abasebenzi. Izipho ezigulini esibonga ngokuvamile athathe isimo lokhu ukufumbathisa, ikakhulukazi uma ukuxhumana bezempilo abasebenza abasezikhundleni eziphakeme - ikhanda odokotela, amakhanda kwemitholampilo nezibhedlela, njll Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi ngesipho encane noma umvuzo ongalindela uthole okuningi .. nasezingeni eliphezulu of service, bamnakekele futhi bamelaphe cishe kunoma yisiphi isibhedlela noma isikhungo sokwelapha.

Abamele emkhakheni wezemfundo, futhi, kukhona ahileleke ukufumbathisa ukubonwa. Ithola credits nezikhathi, yokwemukela wezemfundo, futhi akwaziwa nokuthi liyophela ngempumelelo inqubo yemfundo - konke lokhu has amanani ayo endaweni kwabasebenzi ngabanye nokufundisa.

Kafushane nje, akukho nelilodwa yimuphi umkhakha kurhulumende, lokhu kwakungeke sihlangabezane abasebenzi abane-ukufumbathisa. Ngeshwa, kwezinyathelo ezathathwa uMbuso maqondana izikhulu ezikhohlakele musa njalo eletha imiphumela elindelekile.

Fight yokulwa nenkohlakalo

Ngaphansi komthetho, siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo kumelwe nigcine zonke amakomiti uhulumeni nokuphatha. imithetho athuthukile neziqondiso ukuze kuvikelwe umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa. Kukhona yosizo ekhethekile, okuyinto ungabiza ngokungaziwa ukushiya ulwazi mayelana izikhulu ezikhohlakele noma ngokufunjathiswa nokuphamba. Ukuze ukulwa nenkohlakalo, abasebenzi bakahulumeni njalo ukungezwa inkokhelo, ukulawula laba bantu wenziwa zonke izindlela. Ngokwesibonelo, video amakhamera efakiwe, ezisiza ukuvimbela noma ukwamukela isifumbathiso ngezimoto eziningi abahloli. Isikhalazo kuyakhuthazwa izakhamuzi ukuba iziphathimandla komthetho mayelana lenkohlakalo. Unyaka nonyaka, Ukukhetha obuqinile sabantu ababenelungelo lokungena inkonzo yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi abasezikhundleni eziphezulu. Kwezinye zezikhungo zomphakathi ngokuqinile unqabela amathuba emisebenzi ngokusebenzisa izihlobo noma abangane, kuze ukwehluleka umsebenzi ngenxa izibopho zomkhaya.

Konke lokhu izindlela ukunikeza umphumela othile, kodwa namanje abantu baphumelele emikhakheni eminingi yenkohlakalo. Isifumbathiso kuthatha ngezindlela ezicashe kakhulu. Izimali izikhulu afihle, futhi afakazise ukuthi ubugebengu is ziba nzima. Ushintsha izindlela lapho yokupha nokwamukela ukugwazelwa zenziwa.

Ubudlelwano zenkohlakalo kwamanye amacala

Indlela akuvamile ngokuvamile xhumelela kwenzeka ngokwalo - avame, yokuthi umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa kuhlobene eduze namanye amacala isifumbathiso. Ukugwazela esemthethweni uvame ukuhambisana amanye amacala. Theft lwezinto yinzuzo - Article 164 of Criminal Code, ukuhlukumeza amandla - Article. 286 we Criminal Code, nokusebenzisa kabi igunya - Art. 285 we-Criminal Code, iqhaza emthethweni emisebenzini ebhizinisi - art. 289 we Criminal Code, ukufumbathisa commercial - art. 204 we Criminal Code. Zonke lezi zihloko zivame sisetshenziswa kulowo kanye nomuntu ofanayo ngesikhathi kuphenywe amaqiniso umvuzo okhokhwayo ngenxa yokufumbathisa. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi isijeziso ngesifumbathiso akusho ukubeka eceleni izinhlawulo lobugebengu noma iyiphi enye izihloko okungenhla, noma loko koniwa zenzeka.

Okufanele ukwenze uma unxuse isifumbathiso?

It uvikela izintshisekelo isakhamuzi ngasinye kufanele Criminal Code. Isifumbathiso ukuze esemthethweni akufanele kubhekwe njengento engeyona isimiso. Uma kuphakama isimo esinjalo, singenza ngezindlela ezintathu:

- Uma uvuma lokhu, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi umthwalo lobugebengu ngenjongo yokuthola isifumbathiso, esimweni ukuvezwa kwalokhu Eqinisweni, sizothinta hhayi kuphela umamukeli kodwa futhi wena uqobo.

- ngokwenqaba ukukhokha isifumbathiso futhi waxwayisa umsebenzi ezingalungile zokuthola izinhloso zakhe, hhayi kuphela abakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa futhi babhebhethekise ubudlelwane ezimbi - esemthethweni has amandla athile, ngaphandle kwalokho isimo besingeke neze wazithatha. Isinqumo esihle kulokhu akufanele ulinde, kunalokho okuphambene - umsebenzi uzokwenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze uxazulule inkinga yakho, kwaba siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi phezu kwakho nje ukuhleka futhi asiphelezela ekhaya.

- I enengqondo kunazo zonke - ukwenza kucace ukuthi lesi sikhulu ukuthi uyavumelana ukuba akhokhe imali yokugwazela. Zama ngenkathi polochit ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkinga yakho ziyoxazululwa nosizo elihunyushwe. Ngemva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucacisa onjani lemali abathintekayo, indlela kufanele zikhokhela amasevisi, owamukela umvuzo kuwe, ngasiphi isikhathi futhi kuphi. Khona-ke udinga ukuthi athinte amaphoyisa ukubhala isitatimende mayelana lokuthi impango nokuhuheka. Ungakwazi ukucela ukusizwa base-FSB, Ministry Interior, le Investigative iKomidi ehhovisi lomshushisi, Customs, njll Ngaphansi komthetho, izicelo ezinjalo ziye zibopheke ukuba silungise iyiphi inhlangano kahulumeni - .. Up banxuse Uhulumeni noma uMongameli yeRussia. Isicelo kumele kubhalwe phansi, ikhophi eyodwa uhlala ezandleni zakho. Kungcono ukuthola futhi khumbula, ngubani sizodingida isicelo sakho bese okwakuzomehlela. Lapho isimo uzobe kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe, aba maningi amathuba okuba ukuthi udaba zizoxazululwa esivuna yakho.

Inkohlakalo - isifo emphakathini wanamuhla. Bhekana akusiyo kuphela kudingekile zikahulumeni, kodwa futhi abantu abavamile, ngoba uhlushwa izikhulu ezikhohlakele nabantu abavamile. Ngokwezibalo, ithuba ngenela inkohlakalo ezweni elithile 1: 250, futhi uma izinyathelo ezifanele abayiswa emazweni amaningi, amathuba bayanda - 1:23. Ngakho, le nkinga is best ixazululwe ndawonye, "lonke izwe".