Izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zocwaningo lwesayensi

Phakathi kwezimiso eziyinhloko zolwazi lwesayensi kunezinto ezifana neqiniso nokusebenza ngokusebenza. Ngalo mgomo konke okwenziwe ngokwesayensi yanamuhla, ngosizo luni lomuntu oluzama ukwenza ukuthi kube khona lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kwenziwe ukutholakala kwesayensi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zocwaningo lwesayensi.

Ulwazi lwezesayensi luhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga okucwaninga ematheksthi kanye nemfundiso . Owokuqala uhlobene nomsebenzi osebenzayo wenkinga, ngoba isebenza kumininingwane etholakala ekubonweni nasekuhlolweni; Owesibili ikuvumela ukuthi wenze noma iziphi iziphetho ngesisekelo semithetho ekhona kakade kanye nokucabanga. La mazinga ahlobene kakhulu futhi umngcele phakathi kwawo awunamathele. Kodwa-ke, ngayinye yazo kunezindlela ezahlukene zocwaningo lwesayensi, okungukuthi, izindlela ezisebenzisayo ukuthola ulwazi lwesayensi. Phakathi kwazo kuncishiswa futhi kuhlanganiswa, ukwakheka kwezindinganiso, ama-analog, njalonjalo.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zocwaningo lwesayensi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:
1) Izindlela ezejwayelekile zefilosofi ezinokubanzi okubanzi.
2) Izindlela ezejwayelekile zesayense, ezisekelwe egameni, zifanele noma yisiphi isayensi, kodwa zingasetshenziswa kuphela emazingeni athile okuthola ulwazi lwesayensi.
3) Izindlela ezikhethekile zocwaningo lwesayensi. Ezomnotho, emphakathini, emakhemikhali, nakwezinye izinsizakusebenza, kunezindlela ezikhethekile zokucwaninga ezikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngamathuba okusebenza kanye nolwazi olutholiwe.
4) Izindlela zangasese ziyasebenza ezimweni ezikhethekile, lapho kuphakanyiswa umbuzo wokuxazulula inkinga ethile.

Ngokusho kwesinye isigaba, izindlela eziyisisekelo zocwaningo lwesayensi ezingeni lezinkolelo zokuqondisisa ziba phakathi kwezigaba ezintathu:

1) Indlela ye- axiomatic
Imfundiso echaza lokhu noma lokho kwenzeka ngokusekelwe emithethweni eminingi nemigomo, lapho iziphetho ezifanele zithathwe khona. Ukuchithwa kwama-theorems atholakalayo kusekelwe ekungahambeni kwe-axioms. Ngokusobala, indlela ye-axiomatic iwufanele kakhulu ucwaningo emkhakheni wezibalo kanye ne-logic. I-axiom ngokwayo ingabandakanyi ukubonakala kokuphikisana okuncane kakhulu, kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kwemfundiso kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokusebenza futhi kuphela kulokhu umuntu angakhuluma ngokucacile ngokungabikho kokuphikisana.

2) Indlela yokwehliswa kwemvelo
Izindawo zokuthola ulwazi lwesayense, ezisebenza ngethuluzi lokuhlola nokufunda, zingasebenzisa futhi izindlela ezihlukahlukene zocwaningo lwesayensi, kodwa indlela yokucabangela ingcono kakhulu . Kulesi simo izimpendulo zishintshwa yizindinganiso, ukufaneleka kwalo okuhlolwe yilokho okulandelanayo kwemiphumela yombono. Ngokusobala, le ndlela isetshenziselwa kakhulu isayensi yezemvelo. Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zocwaningo lwesayensi emnothweni nazo zenza kuqala indlela yokucabangela yokucabanga. Kulezi zindawo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi ukucabanga kuphela, kodwa futhi ukusebenzisa ulwazi olutholakalayo ekusebenzeni.

3) Izindlela ezichazayo
Ngokuvamile ukunikezwa ngezindlela zangaphambilini zocwaningo lwesayensi akufanelekile ukuchaza imiphumela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iya esigabeni sezindlela ezichazayo. Bacabanga ukusetshenziswa kwezikimu, izibalo namazwi ahlukahlukene ukuchaza idatha yokuhlola engazange iyaziwa ngaphambilini kwisayensi futhi ayikwazi ukuchazwa ngesisekelo se-axioms kanye nezizathu ezikhona. Ukuzihlola ngokwakho kanye nedatha etholakala ngosizo ludlala indima ebalulekile lapha. Izindlela ezichazayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ku-biology, isayensi yezokwelapha kanye nomphakathi. Ukungabikho kokusebenzisa indlela yangaphambilini kusekelwe emkhawulweni: uhlaka oluqinile aluvumeli nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuchaza imiphumela yokuhlola.

Kuzo zonke izici zolwazi lwesayensi kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela efanele yokucwaninga, ngoba kuyoba yisihluthulelo sokuthola ulwazi lweqiniso.