Artificial intelligence eseyi. sphere kwesicelo

Inkulumo ethi "intelligence yokufakelwa" esikhathini sethu, abantu abaningi sizihlanganise nabantu amarobhothi humanoid. Empeleni, leli gama kufanele aqondwe ngomqondo obanzi. Kukhona Izincazelo okungenani ezimbili eziyisisekelo AI. Eyokuqala ihilela intelligence yokufakelwa njengoba igama isiqondiso lonke yesayensi yasendle. Eyesibili is more esinda kuchazwa futhi libhekisela ethize izinhlelo / izindawo ukudalwa okwenziwa kanye nocwaningo ngenhla.

Njengamanje, singasho ukuthi intelligence yokufakelwa e ngandlela-thile uye waba okuhlangene ku sphere eziningi izenzo zabantu. Kuyinto obunokuthula, amasosha, kanye ezindaweni zocwaningo eziningi ezidinga indlela inhloso kanye engenzeleli nengakhethi. AI ihlinzeka amathuba amanengi ngokuba ukuqaliswa imisebenzi eminingi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikwazi ukwenza iimbalo isheshe ngaphezu kwanoma imuphi umuntu, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo kanye nezindawo ukuthi azizifanelekeli ukuphila.

Ukuvela intelligence yokufakelwa

Uhlelo lokuqala ezihlakaniphile ubhekwa uhlelo lwekhompyutha wabonisa umphakathi ngo-1956. Inhloso yayo ukufakazela eyinkimbinkimbi theorems zezibalo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele "Logic umhlaziyi," babhekane kahle umsebenzi. Esikhathini esizayo, ososayensi baye basungula ezihlukahlukene entsha, tangcondvomshini kakade eziphambili kakhulu kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo.

Encwadini isiqondiso ehlukile yokufakelwa intelligence computer science waqala endaweni isikhathi esithile kamuva lo mcimbi - kuphela ngeminyaka yoma ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Ngubani Kulomkhakha isayensi namanje omunye lomncane.

Kungenzeka ukuhlonza izindawo eziyinhloko kwesicelo ingqondo yokufakelwa:

• Ukuhlela kanye ukuhlela ahlukahlukene

Isibonelo ingenye ngokuzimela ezisebenza NASA izinhlelo, bafakwe mkhathi. Ukuba ku ibanga elikhulu kusukela iplanethi yethu, lolu hlelo yedwa oda kosuku nosuku imisebenzi ngaphandle komkhumbi. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ikhumbula izinguquko ezungeze isimo mkhathi kanye nezinjongo igunya sokuhlala kwakhe emzileni.

• Isixazululo ezinkingeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngolimi lwemvelo ukuqonda

Lapha, njengesibonelo, ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo ukuxazulula crossword puzzle. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umfanekiso "ecabanga" ingqondo yokufakelwa wehlukile zethu, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunikeza umphumela lesifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, AI izinhlelo zingcono kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi isilinganiso crossword puzzle lover. Umthelela ibangelwa ukuhlaziya ngokwezibalo futhi khona yolwazi aphindaphindiwe asetshenziswa inqubo ukuqhathanisa kanye nokukhetha of izixazululo ezifanele.

• kokuqhuba imidlalo

Le ndawo waqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ngolwazi lokuphequlula kokusungulwa abadumile Deep Blue umshini. Waba yisaga ukunqotshwa omunye chess abadlali okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni - Garry Kasparov. Chess ngokwabo nesisekelo esihle ekuthuthukiseni AI, njengoba abhekwa kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi umdlalo: Kukhona ububanzi elikhulu yokwakha amacebo ukuziphatha.

• ukusetshenziswa zokuxilonga

Le nkambu kwesicelo AI njengoba ukuhlola, Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa odokotela. Lapho ukungabi naphutha izibalo kungaba kubalulekile ukuze isiguli, yiluphi uhlelo kumele eziqhutshwa ezingeni babonisana lodokotela abanolwazi. Ezimweni eziningi, le ndlela: ukunemba sitholakele umshini, abahluleli ngokuvamile idlula ngisho ekuholeni Ochwepheshe-odokotela. Iningi lemitholampilo yesimanje anemisila izinhlelo zokuxilonga enjalo futhi ngenkuthalo ukuzisebenzisa emisebenzini yabo.

• isilawuli ezimele

Ngokwesibonelo abathandwayo kulokhu ukuhlola imishini ukuthi lwenziwa ngomunye emanyuvesi aseMelika. Ngosizo uhlelo esungulwe ngombono ikhompyutha izimoto ukuzulazula iqhubekele imigwaqo yezwe ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu: indlela yokuzithiba ukuhlola bese ukhetha indlela ephephile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke umlando ukuhlola awuzange eqoshiwe nazingozi ngenxa iphutha AI.

• ekuklameni amarobhothi

ngokuvamile Le nkambu kwesicelo kuyinto mthombo befilimu. Eqinisweni, ukwakhiwa amarobhothi ezihlakaniphile ngenye yezinjongo kuqala ekuhloleni intelligence yokufakelwa. Kuze kube manje, thina namanje ungenalo ulwazi nezisetshenziswa ukusebenzisa Izinjongo ngenhla ngokugcwele. Kodwa abasizi kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi, isibonelo, Sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa odokotela phakathi ukuhlinza yingozi.

Isicelo computer

Ngu ibinzana "eseyi" kungenzeka ukufihla yimiphi ezindaweni eziningi lapho i-computer isetshenziswa njengoba ithuluzi: njengoba indalo, ukucubungula zamagama izithombe ehlukahlukene ukusebenza nanoma yiluphi ulwazi ngomumo eyenziwe etholakala ngaphandle. Eyokuqala ezinye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu, njenge:

• ukusetshenziswa yezesayensi ibhizinisi

Lokhu kumele kufake charting, imibiko, ama-spreadsheet imibiko - noma kunalokho, ukubona ngeso yabo. Lelo lungiselelo ecacile lwazi lusiza esheshisa futhi lula abatholako ngemiphumela.

• Isakhiwo kwezakhiwo ubunjiniyela

Abaklami abaklami nabasunguli bezinto ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kokudala ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene. Futhi uma ngaphambi zonke izici ephepheni, leholele kolwazi nobuchwepheshe lwenziwe lula: ungakwazi manje bahlanganyele umklamo ngqo kwi computer.

• Ukudala ukukhangisa

Ukuthandwa ukukhangisa uye kwaphoqa ukuthuthukiswa izindawo ezifanele computer. Cishe wonke amavidiyo kanye nezethulo ezibonisa nathi kumabonakude, wadala nge kusetshenziswe ama-computer nezinhlelo eyindida ukusekela ukudluliswa sokukhanyisa, ukwakha izinto ezinezinhlobo ezintathu zobukhulu, kanye nezinye izici ezidingekayo ukuze udale izithombe namaqiniso.

• ubuciko digital

Le ndawo lokugcina lokusebenza - uhlobo imidwebo, kuphela idluliselwe format wedijithali. Zonke abezindaba kwezobuciko, ezifana emabhulashini, upende uyinki, esikhundleni amadivaysi ebonakalayo, okwenza kube real, inkululeko engakaze ibonwe zokudala. Nge ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha yalo mkhakha kukhona isizukulwane esisha abaculi, abakhetha hhayi ukwenza kwi a real futhi on a ngendwangu ebonakalayo.