Umphakathi njengoba uhlelo ezenhlalo nezamasiko: Tindlelanchubo UKUCHAZISISA

Namuhla, e kwabantu akukho definition eyodwa "umphakathi". Theorists phikisana yezingxenye kwalesi sigaba izimpawu, mayelana okushiwo eside. Ukucinga Popular ahlanganiswe isayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu izikhundla ezimbili okuphambene isihlobo izici eyinhloko emphakathini. T. Parsons, Durkheim nabanye abasekeli indlela yokuqala baphikisa ngokuthi umphakathi - okungukuthi, ngokuyinhloko iqoqo abantu. Giddens futhi wabelane ngombono wakhe, ososayensi ukubeka at inhliziyo simiso ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu.

Iqembu labantu ngokungabi bikho commonality wobunye esaba, akakwazi ngokuthi umphakathi. Lesi simo kuyinto ejwayelekile kubantu abaphila kuleli imvelo ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi simiso lekutsatfwa ngayo tintfo nemagugu ngeke kube khona kwayona, ngokungabi bikho abathwali lezi zimiso. Ngakho, phakathi zibe nesiteleka esisemthethweni esihambisana abameleli kokubili izindlela kuyizici ezibalulekile emphakathini. Nokho, uma amanani bayabulawa ngaphandle zenethiwekhi, akuyona osindwa amagugu sesethi abantu Yiqiniso kokuziphilisa ngokuhlanganyela bakwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ayo ubudlelwane. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi njengoba usikompilo nenhlalo uhlelo - iqoqo abantu, uveza inqubo umsebenzi ahlangene uhlelo ezithile ubudlelwane, esibonakala by amagugu ethile namasiko.

Ngokuhambisana Paradigm obusebenzayo, umphakathi njengoba uhlelo usikompilo nenhlalo kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana:

• Amaqembu - generality umahluko kuhlanganiswe imigomo ethile;
• Amanani - amaphethini kwamasiko, imibono kanye nezinsika ukwabelana kanye nokuvikela amalungu omphakathi;
• Norm - elawula ukuziphatha ukuqinisekisa oda nokuqonda mutual emphakathini;
• Raleigh - ngabanye ukuziphatha amaphethini, kunqunywa ukuma ubudlelwano babo nabanye abadlali.

Umphakathi njengoba uhlelo sociocultural - iqoqo namaqembu omphakathi kanye nabantu ukuthi basebenzisane ngendlela ehlelekile futhi yayala izikhungo ekhethekile nomphakathi: kwezinkambiso zomthetho futhi emphakathini, usiko, izikhungo, izithakazelo, izimo zengqondo, njll

Umphakathi njengoba uhlelo sociocultural - akuyona nje inkinga theory, kuba ophilayo uhlelo ashukumisayo ukuthi siyahamba njalo. Umphakathi amagugu akuzona static, bayashintsha ngenxa ye kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ezivela ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu abalazi namaqembu omphakathi. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze futhi izilungiselelo baguqulelwa, kodwa musa uyayeka njengoba ubuhlobo obubalulekile phakathi kwabantu.

Omunye amagugu ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla indaba inhlalakahle. umphakathi Umthengi - umphumela ukuthuthukiswa capitalism. ezikhiqizelwa izinto ezibonakalayo ukuthuthukiswa lwesikhali sokuqaphela esifanele isimiso amagugu elichaza umphakathi. Ifilosofi amalungu ngomphakathi onjalo - ukuthuthukiswa inqubekelaphambili kanye ngcono ubuchwepheshe ukuze wandise ivolumu zokukhiqiza impahla ka izimpahla.

Ikusasa umphakathi incike ukuma kanye nekhwalithi izikhungo komphakathi. Ukusekela umndeni, umshado, kanye nokuhlinzeka khulula imfundo yomphakathi - izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sithole amathemba zonke esimisweni sezenhlalo.