Augustine waseHippo: ukuphila, imisebenzi emikhulu kanye nethonya layo ekuthuthukiseni scholasticism

Avreliy Avgustin (Ubusisiwe - isiko Orthodox nomfundisi Grace - ngo Catholic) - i sefilosofi oluvelele, omunye wabasunguli be-emfundisweni yobuKristu. Wazalwa ngonyaka 354 e Numidia Roman isakhamuzi emkhayeni-ezingamaqaba, kodwa unina Monica wayengumuntu yobuKristu. Njengoba umndeni wayenothile kakhulu, Aurelius oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala yabhalela ukufunda mpendulo ngesikhathi iCarthage. Kukhona umlweli ngekusasa nkolo entsha e uthandana nowesifazane, ayehlala nabo isikhathi eside kweminyaka engu-13. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi nomama wendodana yakhe - Adeodata. Nokho, ngenxa umehluko isizinda Augustine bashade wakhe.

Ngesikhathi ngisafunda mpendulo, u-Augustine waseHippo balithanda nefilosofi. Yavuma Manichaeism, kodwa ngokushesha lasuka izimfundiso Mani. ukunxanela okungokomoya futhi umthelela unina wamyisa esifubeni ukholo lobuKristu. Beyofuna umsebenzi rhetorician abasha ushiya sifundazwe Afrika uMbuso WaseRoma e 384, endaweni enguthisha wezobuchwepheshe ubugagu e Mediolanum (manje Milan). Ukuthola eduze villa Kassitsiakum sefilosofi wadala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ebalulekile: "Ngokumelene izifundiswa," "On the ukungafi komphefumulo", "On the Inkolo Yeqiniso" nesithi "Ngo Yokuzikhethela". Lokhu esigabeni sokuqala lokusungula ephawulwe yithonya enkulu Platonism isazi semfundiso yenkolo umqondo.

Ngemva Easter 387 Augustine wabhapathizwa ngo Mediolanum Saint-Ambrose, waqala inkathi lokusungula we wokholo lobuKristu yesibili. Wadayisa impahla yakhe, waphana cishe konke abampofu wahamba nomama wakhe e-Afrika. Kodwa e-Ostia, Monica wafa. Ukufika e-umuzana okuhlala kuwo Tagaste, isazi sefilosofi, wamisa umphakathi ongokwenkolo izindela. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubhekwa umsunguli oda wezindela Augustinians. Kule nkathi kwathiwa imisebenzi enikelwe nenkolo futhi zenkolo wemibhalo echaza imibhalo yenkolo ( "I Encwadi KaGenesise"), ukuchazwa taPawula ebhaliwe ka Umphostoli UPawulu, indatshana ngokumelene Donatists. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona semfundiso yenkolo okhazinyulisiwe "Ukuvuma."

I ukundlula ngokuthi inkathi wesithathu (410-430), lapho usosayensi owamiswa presbyter ekuqaleni, futhi kamuva Bishop waseHippo (idolobha okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma eNyakatho Afrika). Yingaleso sikhathi-ke ukuthi ifilosofi Avgustina Blazhennogo ifinyelele ukuthuthukiswa yayo eliphakeme. Isazi efana ngifuna emuva izinkolelo zabo zangaphambili, nangalokujulile ihlola kubo ( "Ukubuyekeza"). Imibuzo ye Christology (uhlobo lomuntu noma yaphezulu kaKristu) bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini "Ngo-zintathu" futhi umjikelezo we azibhala ngokumelene Pelagius. Umsebenzi obalulekile kakhulu isazi semfundiso yenkolo kubhekwa umsebenzi «De Civitate Dei» -. «City of God"

Lezi zincwadi 22 semfundiso yenkolo zabasebenzi lokuqala ezama ukuhlaziya yonke inqubo zomlando, ukuqonda injongo emphakathini wesintu, futhi izindlela sokuthuthuka. Ngakho-ke u-Augustine kubhekwa umsunguli umlando nefilosofi. ukuphila Social nayo ahlobene noMbuso kaNkulunkulu, njengoba indoda (ukudalwa) noMdali. Nokho, ngenxa ekwindla ka-Adamu, isintu mass, wahlukene noNkulunkulu, kodwa ubuya kuye ngomusa weNkosi, - uthi lahlangana eSt Augustine. Ifilosofi lokhu semfundiso yenkolo ibheka ekukhuleni komphakathi njengoba ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kusukela esigodini izinyembezi, okuyinto zaxoshwa Adamu no-Eva, ngokusebenzisa City Earth (isimo) kuya Castle Yezulu (lapho phakade futhi zokuziphatha ukuphelela nokubusa).

Ngenxa yalokho, iSt Augustine ubheka umlando ngezilinganiso zesikhathi komugqa. Lena ingxenye lapho kukhona obuphelele, ngoba akukho kwesikhathi, uphakade. Yini uNkulunkulu ayala umlando - konke akunjalo, ingxenye izinhlelo nezinhloso uMdali. Isimo kulo mqondo, uba esiteji ezidingekayo ekukhuleni. Isazi sefilosofi esekelwe utadisha iBhayibheli likhomba kwezinkathi eziyisikhombisa yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle: owokuqala emihlanu - indaba abantu bamaJuda ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. Ubani owabelwe kwenkathi lesithupha, okumele igcwaliswe ekwaHlulelweni Kugcine, bese ziqala njengoba kuchazwa kuSambulo kaJohane esigabeni yesikhombisa, lapho ngeke bonke abantu abalungile ehlala phakade eZulwini eJerusalema. Umphakathi wesintu ekuthuthukisweni yayo ihamba kude isimo wokuziphilisa ibe engokwasezulwini kulawulwa izikhulu of the Church. Le mfundiso ka-Augustine likhishiwe njengoba ngesisekelo iSonto LamaRoma Katolika ekulweni investiture.