U-Immanuel Kant - ngukhokho nefilosofi German classical

U-Immanuel Kant - sefilosofi isiJalimane, esahlulelweni okuyinto wathonywa umsebenzi kaPlato no eBerkeley Wolf futhi USextus Empiricus, Spinoza futhi Leibniz. Usosayensi Ikusasa kuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, "Friedrichs-Collegium", bese nezifundo zakhe e-University of eKönigsberg Nokho, uthole degree kwakungase kungabi kwesokudla. U-Immanuel Kant, ogama biography kuhlanganisa izenzakalo eziningi ezinzima, waphoqeleka ukuba ziphazamise izifundo zakhe ngenxa kokushona kukayise futhi baqala ukusebenza. Kuphela 1755, usosayensi abasha wakwazi ukuvikela mqondo yakhe zobudokotela, futhi ithole ilungelo ngisebenze njengevolontiya elifundisa eyunivesithi.

Izigaba: Esikhathini "subcritical" inkathi U-Immanuel Kant isesikhundleni lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo yesayensi, ezinkingeni ka Mechanics kanye Cosmology, geography ngokomzimba futhi anthropology. Kulesi sigaba, ososayensi bayatfutfuka izinkinga ezibangelwa umcabango odlule zefilosofi. Ngakho, wafaka phambili umbono ocatshangelwayo entsha sonozungezilanga, yethulwa nomqondo namagagasi igesi esigaxeni wafundelwa futhi bahlola indima yabo. Usosayensi wacabanga ngemvelaphi yemvelo lwesintu ngaphandle yokungenela kwaphezulu futhi wafuna ukwenza Ukwahlukaniswa izilwane ngezinhlobo zazo.

I "ezibucayi" inkathi wesazi sefilosofi U-Immanuel Kant asebenzelana nezinkinga epistemology, sokugxila ekutheni inqubo yokufunda, sizindle izinkinga jikelele zefilosofi elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo wokuba abantu , kanye nolwazi, isimilo sobuhle bayo, umthetho kanye nembuso. Usosayensi udonsa iziphetho mayelana nokwenzeka ulwazi priori ngesimo isayensi-theory kanye nama-mathematics, enikeza ngalinye libe priori uhlobo izithombe izinkanuko zenyama. Phakathi nale nkathi yokuphila kwakhe, u-Imanuweli Kant, ifilosofi okuyinto siyashintsha ngokuphelele, futhi kuya kuba njengomuntu othi uNkulunkulu akaziwa, bephika kungenzeka yolwazi elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo.

Isazi sefilosofi uyaqonda ukuthi kudalulwe igama elithi "uhlobo", "umphefumulo" nelithi "uNkulunkulu" akunakwenzeka, futhi akekho noyedwa uze ukwazi ukuhlobanisa la mazwi ngale ndlela izinkanuko zenyama. A ulwazi ngendaba kungenziwa esakhiwe Komuntu kusuka izithombe izinkanuko usebenzisa amafomu priori okucabanga. Usosayensi kokuqhuba umugqa omncane phakathi intelligence isizathu, futhi ubonisa ukuthi ulindele ukuthola nombono wokuthi uhlobo dialectical wokuqala. Ngakho, ngokombono sefilosofi sika, kanti nengqondo yomuntu uzobe ebhekene ukuphikisana ivame ukuxazulula umbuzo zomhlaba elingapheli noma sivumelwano senhloko, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwako noma lula.

Epistemology: U-Immanuel Kant, benqaba le ndlela bagomele yokufunda, usebenzisa esikhundleni indlela ifilosofi ezibucayi, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto ukuhlola amathuba kwengqondo yokwazi. -Scholar ukubeka phambili mqondo ukuthi ulwazi 'emsulwa "iqala nakho, okuyinto kusekelwe umsebenzi priori ukwazi. Amandla yingqondo yomuntu, njengoba Kant wacabanga, linganqunyelwe, futhi ngokuvamile ehambisana ne-nezimfundiso ezivumelana amenable ukuba ngukulungisiswa. Futhi ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba ngaphandle akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonise empeleni umgomo, owawubumba bedle izithombe nemizwa ngokusebenzisa ukucatshangelwa.

wokufundisa ngokuziphatha: endaweni ebalulekile ngemisebenzi Kant ukuthatha imibono yakhe mayelana kukaNkulunkulu nebandla, futhi akuyona emhlabeni wadala ngaphandle ukungenela kukaNkulunkulu. Nokho, isazi sefilosofi ukhuluma nokuziphatha ngengqondo lapho isazela negunya yangaphandle, izimiso zobumnandi futhi iwusizo imizwelo izinhlelo zabantu ezihlukahlukene. Umuntu ubhekwa ososayensi kusukela zombili - njengoba enzeka akhethekile njengendlela "into ngokwako". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izenzo noma yimuphi izinhlobo ngabanye kunqunywa izici zangaphandle kanye, ngakolunye - ephakeme izimiso zokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe yiliphi ilungu uhlanga lwesintu futhi ivame ukuba okokusebenza inhlalakahle, futhi ubuhle, nakuba lezi zifiso ngokuvamile abaxabene.