Umjikelezo we-Rankine we-turbine yamanzi

Nakuba inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe ishesha kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuvame ukubona izimo lapho ukufakwa kwanamuhla kusetshenziswa khona izimiso ezitholakale emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Isibonelo, umjikelezo we-Rankine, owasungulwa ngekhulu le-19, usetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwama- turbines e-steam namuhla.

Umsunguli omkhulu

Umjikelezo we-Rankin wathola isazi sezinkanyezi saseScotland nesiyinjiniyela esaphila futhi sasebenza eminyakeni eyikhulu ngaphambi kokugcina. Ukuqalwa kwalokhu kwabizwa ngokuthi lo musosayensi omkhulu, owayengomunye wabasunguli be-thermodynamics yobuchwepheshe.

U-Rankin William John wazalwa ngo-1820 edolobheni lase-Edinburgh, lapho afunde khona iminyaka emithathu esikhungweni. Noma kunjalo, usosayensi wehlulekile ukuqeda lesi sikhungo ngenxa yesimo esinzima sezezimali. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele isazi sesayensi yezobuchwepheshe ukuba senze izinto eziningi ezitholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1849 wathola izilinganiso ezithandweni ze-thermodynamics, echaza ubuhlobo phakathi kwamandla kagesi nokushisa. Wakha futhi inkolelo ye-injini yesitimela futhi wahlakulela izimiso eziyisisekelo ezibeka umsebenzi wale unit. Lezi zinhlinzeko zakha inqubo eyanikezwa igama ngokuhlonipha usosayensi-umjikelezo we-Rankine.

Amaphuzu avelele

Lo mjikelezo ukubonakaliswa kwemibono yomsebenzi wezinqubo ze-thermodynamic ezenzeka ngenkathi kusebenza izitshalo zamandla kagesi esimweni sokuphindaphinda. Kungenzeka ukukhipha imisebenzi enjalo eyisisekelo engena kulo mjikelezo:

• Uketshezi ketshezi kuqhuma ngamandla;
• Ama-molecule wamanzi asesimweni segesi asanda;
• Umusi omanzi unamathela ezindongeni zomkhumbi;
• Ingcindezi yomswakama iyanda (ibuyela emuva inani lokuqala).

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle okushisa kulo mjikelezo kuhambisana ngqo nokushisa kokuqala. Futhi, ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlelo kunqunywa ngamanani okucindezela kanye nenombolo yombuso wokushisa endaweni yokuqala nasekuphumeni.

I-steam turbine

Leli yunithi iyinjini yokushisa, ngenxa yalokho ugesi owenziwe khona. Amanothi asemqoka alokhu kufakwa angafakwa kuhlu olulandelayo:

• Ingxenye ehambayo, equkethe i-rotor nama-blade ahleliwe kuso;
• Isici esimisiwe esinezigaba ezinjenge-stator nama-nozzle.

Umsebenzi wesitshalo ungabonakala ngalendlela. Amanzi asesimweni sokushisa ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa nokucindezela kudliwe emanzini omfutho we-turbine. Lapha, ngokuvuthwa kwe-supersonic, amandla angaphumelela emfucumfucu aphenduka amandla e-kinetic, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ze-vapor ziqhutshwa. Lokhu, futhi, kudala ukugeleza okukhulu okusebenza emagqabeni e-turbine. Ukushintshaniswa kwalezi zakhi kubangela ukuthi i-rotor ihambe, okuholela ekwakheni ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuthwa kwemfucumfucu kwenzeka futhi kuhlala esimweni esithile esikhwameni samanzi esibalulekile, lapho i-liquid iphinde iphoqelelwe khona kumthengisi wokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukuphindaphinda kwemisebenzi, okungukuthi, umjikelezo we-Rankine wenziwa.

Lesi simiso sisetshenziselwa ukufakwa ezitshalweni zamandla enyukliya, kanti futhi sisetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwezikhungo zokufakelwa kwamanzi okukhiqiza ugesi. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle nakakhulu kakhulu. Izinsiza ezisebenza ezimisweni ze-Rankin, zisakazwa emhlabeni jikelele.