Kungani Master kwakungafanele athole ukukhanya? Umfanekiso Master enovelini Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova "Umninimuzi UMargarita"

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi uJesu Ha-futhi Woland enovelini M. A. Bulgakova "Master noMargarita" - ngesihloko ezithakazelisa kakhulu, okuyinto onemibuzo ekuqaleni. Lezi uxhumano awunawo ukuphikisana Christian evamile. Lapha, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kulandelelwe kobudlelwano ukuthi azisekelwe silinganiso, futhi kwamanye ongaphansi "Ihhovisi" Voland "Inkonzo" UJesu. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile ezahlukweni zokugcina kule noveli.

Umbango noma ngokubambisana?

Uma sicabanga ngendlela Ha-uJesu Kristu, futhi ubone uSathane (okukulimaza ukuphakamisa ngokwabo) e Woland, kudingeka siphendule umbuzo othi kungani kwaba khona ukuxhumana okunjalo, cishe nokubambisana phakathi "neminyango" ezimbili. Abaphathi abakhulu okuthunyelwa ephansi (obhekele) Levi Mathewu. Isilayezi ithumela ukuze kunikezwe Master - protagonist noveli - ukuphumula. NoSathane, lowo esenikelwe emfundisweni yobuKristu uphathe Hogo, uyavuma. Ake sibheke lezi butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nobudlelwane zombuso ukuthi kunezulu nesihogo.

izingcaphuno Key

Masikhumbule esiqintini inoveli "Umninimuzi UMargarita." Okuqukethwe lo msebenzi yehlukene kaningi okubalwa etemibhalo kungenziwa kafushane adlulisele ngakho. E-Moscow,-1930 kuza Woland futhi retinue yakhe futhi ithatha indawo yomlobi oshonile Berlioz. Umgomo wakhe - ukuthola Marguerite, indlovukazi Meyi yabo Ball. Ngokuhamba indaba yena ubhekene master - umbhali owadala inoveli mayelana uJesu Ha-. Ngokulandelayo, indaba uya like kuyizinto ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu asifane: eMoscow owayephila futhi umbhali Yershalaim (eJerusalema) I-cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule. Lapho esho ngokuchwensa ozakwabo kusukela Massolit umbhali ekugcineni mina yaphuka wokushiswa umsebenzi wakhe. "Imibhalo Yesandla ungayishisi", - uthe Woland, futhi manje notebook nge e-Apocrypha "IVangeli ENkosini" reappeared. "Happy End?" - ubuza. Hhayi ngempela. Nakhu lesisho ukhiye lesitsetfwe enovelini:

"- He [Ha-] ukufunda umsebenzi we-Master ... Acela ukuthatha Master futhi ewina ukuphumula. Kanti anizazeli yini ukuthi kunzima ukwenza, umoya omubi?

- Kimi, akukho nzima, futhi kuba kahle aziwayo kuwe. - Voland kumisiwe wafike wambuza: - Futhi wena, yini ukuthatha kuwe, ekukhanyeni kwakho?

- Yena akufanele ukukhanya, ufanelwe ukuthula, - wathi ngokudabukisayo isithunywa Levi ".

Model nombhali zomhlaba

Inkhulumomphendvulwano ngenhla kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingana ebizwa lomqondo. Ake bahlanganise kubo. Kungani Master kwakungafanele athole ukukhanya? Kungani lucela ihlushwe umbhali ukuthula uJesu (uJesu) idwetshwa ngokusebenzisa isithunywa Woland? Phela, uSathane, izinkolelo zobuKristu, olawula esihogweni. Kodwa uNkulunkulu unawo wonke amandla futhi uyakwazi ukufeza konke ngokwayo, kuhlanganise ukunikeza othile ukuphumula. Uma Kristu ithumela Masters ezandleni Woland, ungabhekana kanjani ukuyibiza umvuzo uyakufanelekela? Akusikho lutho ukuthi Levi Mathewu ngezwi elidabukile. Okuchaza 'Ukuphumula' kwabo ngenxa Bulgakov kakhulu njengoba ehlobene "ubumnyama" futhi "ukukhanya" eTestamente Elisha? Njengoba ubona, engxoxweni phakathi Levi uMathewu Woland akububonisi yimuphi umbango. Abalingiswa dive kancane, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ukubonisa sophistry. Singasho ukuthi Bulgakov Voland akuyona okubi ngokuphelele. Wayeyoyixolela kunalokho uyaziqhenya futhi ngeso lengqondo bona umenzi esizimele intando kaNkulunkulu.

imodeli Neo-Thomist zomhlaba

Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova ayikwazi Ukuhlanjalazwa ngenxa yokuthi wayephethe imfundiso Orthodox. Leviy Matvey noJoshuwa akazange ababukele abamele Greater Good. Master "ukuqagela" lo Passion of Christ, kodwa sibachaza ngokuthi ukuhlupheka womuntu obhubhayo. Yebo, uJesu umbhali "Ifilakisi ukubhema akayikubathatha ukucima. ' Ufunda izinhliziyo zabantu (ngokukhethekile, uPontiyu Pilatu). Kodwa essence Lwakhe laphezulu kwembulwe kamuva. Owayekade eyisikhulu umthelisi umvangeli Leviy Matvey ubukeka othile oshisekela inkolo ngokweqile ngokuphelele ezingahlangani ngubani "amarekhodi ayilungile wathi kuJoshuwa." Ngakho, lezi zinhlamvu Romana Bulgakova akuzona ukukhanya okumsulwa, kodwa izithunywa zayo. Futhi izithunywa zikaNkulunkulu ebuKristwini - izingelosi. Kodwa Satanail - futhi ingelosi, nje liwile. Futhi akayona Bubi Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana Voland noLevi Mathewu elingenalo ukuphikisana ivangeli (okungenani ukukhumbula inzwa eya kwabaseKorinte, isahluko 6).

imodeli kaPlato zomhlaba

Cabanga inoveli "Umninimuzi UMargarita", okuqukethwe esizokhuluma Ixoxwa kafushane, ekukhanyeni izimfundiso ifilosofi yamaGreki asendulo. UPlato emelelwa emhlabeni njengoMesiya emhlabeni. samuntu impahla imibono. Ukuthululela phansi ukuthi zibangelwa amagesi, basuke isuswe umthombo wokukhanya. Futhi ngoba uhlanekezelwe. Ezweni entabeni uhlala ezweni obungantengantengi waphezulu noma imibono, bese ezansi - ezigugayo, esigodini impahla futhi ugcwele usizi. UPlato Le modeli ingabe ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi kungani Master kwakungafanele athole ukukhanya, kodwa okungenani uchaza, okusho nokuzola. Lesi simo kuyinto phakathi nezwe esemhlabeni zinobuhlungu, uMbuso Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke Good, abanye ungqimba Lesisemkhatsini ngokoqobo, okuyinto lihlelwe khona obunokuthula ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu. Yilokhu Master wafuna, a ukuhlukunyezwa eziphukile - ukuba yedwa Margaret akhohlwe nya usizi aba nalo lapho eMoscow namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Umfanekiso Master nosizi Levi Mathewu

Abacwaningi abaningi lokusungula Bulgakov uyavuma ukuthi umlingiswa oyinhloko we inoveli ngokuphila kwakhe. Umlobi wamsusa, wasishisa uhlelo lokuqala "Umninimuzi UMargarita" kanye nezinye wabhala "etafuleni", wazi ukuthi ukushicilela ezifana indaba "engaziwa" eSoviet Union - kuyinto lahlwa ekusizeni kutjhiwo gulag. Kodwa, ngokungafani iqhawe lakhe tetemibhalo, Bulgakov akazange azilahle indalo yakhe, wakhulula ke emhlabeni.

Izilinganiso mayelana Masters ukumela ngaye njengendoda enokholo, uhlelo ephukile: "Akukho Anginayo nezifiso, amaphupho kanye ugqozi kakhulu akusona ... anginalutho emhlabeni is akanandaba ... Ngithathe eziphukile, Nginesizungu ... Le noveli baba inzondo yami, ngiyaya kakhulu ihlushwe ngenxa ke ". Ukuba esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo, uthemba ukuthi ngeke ukhohlwe UMargarita. Ngaleyo ndlela, yena esithengisa wakhe. Wobugwala - akusiyo enhle. Kodwa isono enkulu ngisho nangaphezu yithemba. UMargarita uthi ethandekayo: "O, wena onokukholwa okuncinyane dabukisa ... Bathi ezibhuqiwe umphefumulo wakho." Lokhu kuwachaza kahle ngezwi elidabukile kaLevi Mathewu. Embusweni ngoBaba osezulwini, angengene okuthile okungahlanzekile. Oyingcweti akusho ukubabela ukuKhanya.

Model zomhlaba lamaKristu okuqala

Isonto lokuqala kwakungewona umsebenzi kulomhlaba njengoba indalo kuphela ukuthambekela okubi. Ngakho-ke, amaKristu okuqala eminyaka azange abe nesidingo sokuba theodicy, lokulungisiswa Nkulunkulu ububi obukhona. Bathemba okwesikhathi "umhlaba omusha izulu elisha," lapho kuhlala khona iqiniso. Leli zwe, bacabanga, uphatha isikhulu ebumnyameni (Johane, 14:30). Soul efuna ngokukhanya, njengoba kanembeza obuhlungu ka kukaPontiyu Pilatu, izawulalelwa futhi bangeniswa esigodlweni wasezulwini. Labo kakhulu ingagxili izono zakhe, 'ababethanda emhlabeni ", izohlala lapho futhi kuzothatha imijikelezo entsha kabusha, ukuze Incarnate endikimbenni entsha. Izici Zabantu Master, enikezwa Bulgakov, likhomba ukuthi lokhu uhlamvu akusho ukubabela ukuKhanya. Ngokungafani kukaPontiyu Pilatu, uJesu ufuna ukuthula kuphela - ngokuyinhloko bona. Futhi uJesu Ha-emvumela ukuba wenze lokhu kukhetha, ngoba umbuso wezulu ngeke kungaba ubani ukushayela amandla.

Kungani Master kwakungafanele athole ukukhanya, kodwa ngoba wayesemncane, wagwetshwa ezinye

UMargarita enovelini kubonakala owesifazane eqinile, ngokugqamile nokunenhloso kuka lover wakhe. Kuyinto kushukumisa ENkosini hhayi kuphela. Usekulungele ezidla kuye. izikhulu Ezingokomoya Marguerite ivela Meyi ibhola Woland. It akaceli lutho yena. Zonke inhliziyo yami ubeka lonke i-altare uthando. Umfanekiso Iseluleki, sazilahla inoveli yakhe futhi kakade ngomumo ukuba balahle UMargarita, Bulgakov umelana uhlamvu zako ezisemqoka. Lapha it is, yebo, ngabe iwine emhlabeni. Kodwa ulangazelela uyifaka ngesandla kuphela esandleni Master. Ngokusho Bulgakov, kunezinye imihlaba lapho abantu bathole ukuthula noxolo okuyobe kusezweni. Dante Alighieri ku "Divine Comedy" uchaza Limbo lapho imiphefumulo yabalungileyo abangamazi ithoshi ubuKristu ukuphila ngaphandle kokwazi lusizi. Emuva futhi kubeka abathandi bakhe umbhali kule noveli.

Umklomelo noma ukwahlulela?

Siye umbuzo mayelana nokuthi kungani Master kwakungafanele athole ukukhanya kakade. Kodwa kanjani ukuthatha Isiphelo sakhe - noma ngabe siyajabula noma ukumlilela kuye, kanye Levi Mathewu? Ngokombono Christian umbono, akukho okuhle ukuze uhlale kude noNkulunkulu. Kodwa, babefundiswe yonke imiphefumulo kanye ayakubona ukukhanya futhi sibone iqiniso. Bephendukela kuNkulunkulu, ngeke abashiye abantwana baKhe. Lapho aziphothula He abamukele njengoba uyise yokutholwa wendodana esaphazayo. Ngakho-ke, isiphetho Umninimuzi UMargarita ungayitholi umusho kuhlukaniswa phakade emhlabeni. Yonke imiphefumulo uyakusindiswa kanye, ikhaya labo yangempela embusweni wezulu. Kubandakanya Voland. Kumane ukuthi wonke umuntu ukuphenduka kwabo.