Bialowieza Ihlathi - engcebweni isizwe!

Uyini Bialowieza Ihlathi? Okokuqala, kubalulekile insali kunazo zonke kwezingu-sasendulo esifuze ehlathini sezwe flat. Ngokusho abe nokuqonda ososayensi yesimanje, ehlathini ezikhathini komlando wawusegunjini Europe, kodwa iye ngokwengxenye bagawula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni ucishe usekhona kuphela njengoba afanayo esikhulu Insimu Bialowieza esifundeni, okuyinto, yona, itholakala kwi emazweni iPoland Belarus.

ihlathi Geography

Bialowieza Ihlathi - indawo, ngokusebenzisa okuyisona esiphethe umngcele phakathi ezimbili uthi - Republic of Belarus Republic of Poland. Eceleni lokhu kuqothulwa itlawu eyayiwuphawu abadumile nezakudala Omnyama futhi Baltic iziLwandle. Izimila nezilwane kule indawo uhlukile. Ukugcina ke ku Bialowieza Ihlathi esungulwe izindlela ezine Ukuvikelwa:

• avikelwe zone;
• endaweni yokuzithokozisa;
• Zone ukusetshenziswa elawulwa;
• zone kwezomnotho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlabeni reserve imvelo, i yokufakelwa sesikhashana zone. Ihlathi, esisogwini emazweni Belarus nasePoland, eyingqayizivele ngempela amalungu afanayo elikhulu wonke amahlathi nezakudala namanje ekhona kule mbulunga yethu. It ubuswa emahlathini kaphayini (moss futhi blueberry), kanye isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala yilowo nalowo muthi - okungenani iminyaka engu-80.

Umlando omncane

Lokhu reserve njengoba endaweni evikelwe esiyingqayizivele kwakuvele kwaziwa e 1409, unyaka. Khona-ke, phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi Polish wahlala inkosi ngegama Jagiello. Kwakungenxa impahla yakhe yangasese kwaba le ihlathi. Nguye ngesikhathi esisodwa wakhipha isimemezelo sasebukhosini, owawuthi zonke izilwane ezizingela elikhulu ababehlala endaweni yehlathi relict, akuvunyelwe nakancane. "Belovezhskoe ngcebo" wawuyingxenye Grand Duchy of Lithuania kusukela ngonyaka 1413th, futhi 1795, unyaka Russia usejoyine ihlathi.

"Izingane Bison yakho ..."

Ucabanga ukuthi uhlobanisa igama elithi "inyathi" ngegama elithi "ihlathi"? Lona amazwi real kakhulu kukhona omqondofana. Khumbula amazwi engoma adumile: "Abantwana bakwa-inyathi bakho bengafuni ukuba sife." Futhi akukho ngozi. UMbusi u-Alexander I ngo-1802, unyaka awukhiphe sinqatshiwe ngokuphelele yokuzingela inyathi abahlala ensimini Bialowieza Ihlathi.

Zonke e esifanayo ngonyaka 1802, le ndawo yabizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yesifundazwe Grodno, isibonakaliso olusemthethweni saziwa zinyathi. Kodwa aligcini ngokuphendula lo ezivikelekile reserve abadumile zinyathi. indawo Its kuhlale eningi izilwane ezahlukene kanye nezitshalo. Ake sixoxe izimila nezilwane ehlathini.

Bialowieza Ihlathi. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo

Ngokusho inani zezitshalo nezilwane ezihlala kule nsimu, Bialowieza Ihlathi engenakuqhathaniswa wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu! Cabanga nje ngalokhu: banda cishe 1000 zezitshalo imbewu futhi izingxabano semithambo. Ayemaningi 260 kwezinhlobo ezahlukene moss, 570 zama-amakhowe, futhi 300 zama-ulele kubhaliswe. "Bialowieza Ihlathi" National Park - akuyona kuphela Kugcwele flora, kodwa futhi ngempela yemvelo "zoo".

Uhlu izitshalo imvelo ihlanganisa 60 zinhlobo ezahlukene ezincelisayo, 230 zezinyoni, 11 zezintaka izilwane zasemhlabeni (izilwane zasemhlabeni), 8 zilwane ezihuquzelayo (ezihuquzelayo), 25 zezinhlanzi kanye inqwaba ezingenamgogodla - ezingaphezu kuka 11000. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inani labantu elikhulu kunawo wonke ekuphileni inyathi ensimini ka ehlathini Bialowieza.

Lapha ungathola enjalo ezidla uhlaza enkulu efana izinyamazane, Roe izinyamazane, amaphiva, izingulube zasendle. izilwane ezidla ethulwa ehlathini izimpisi, izimpungushe, izimbila, ama-lynx, imithini, marten, njll Izazi, izazi zezifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane okungukuthi, silondoloze ukuthi Bialowieza Ihlathi wahlala ezingavamile kakhulu futhi eyingqayizivele umphakathi walo uhlobo ezingenamgogodla. Lezi zihlanganisa izinambuzane e ibunga noma abafileyo, kamalibhele amakhowe ezingenamgogodla zikhetha fens futhi bogs.

Uma insimu ka esiqiwini owakhiwe ungulate ezinkulu - ukuvakasha. Ngeshwa, ngaleso sikhathi abantu bakhona safa ngokuphelele. Tours kwanyamalala ebusweni Zomhlaba ekhulwini XVII. Izazi, izazi-mlando zithi lezi zilwane ayabulala babe inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela wamanje "Bialowieza" imidondoshiya - inyathi. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, inyathi, futhi, kukhona phezu sonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa ... Njengalezi nezinye izilwane eziningi ezihlala esiqiwini, afakiwe nase-International Red Book.

ifa Umhlaba

Esiqiwini ngokuthi "Bialowieza Ihlathi" ngo-1992 kwahlanganiswa okuthiwa World Heritage List. Lesi sinqumo kwakungekaNkulunkulu UNESCO. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ncamashi Ngemva konyaka, epaki yazuza isimo okuthiwa Biosphere Reserve. Ngo-1997, egameni esiqiwini yena waklonyeliswa idiploma ye uMkhandlu inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe-European okukhuthaza nokubambisana phakathi zonke izizwe zaseYurophu.

Esinye sezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni kule ndawo eyingqayizivele kwakuhunyushwa muva - ngo-2014. Ngokusho isinqumo esimisweni we World Heritage iKomidi, 23 Juni 2014, epaki-reserve "Bialowieza Ihlathi" endaweni yakhe Belarusian futhi Polish waba olulodwa World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Qiniseka ukuvakashela le ndawo enhle!