Biography emfushane: Pol Verlen

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, France has a lot of izimbongi abanamakhono, ngamunye eyayintula biography amahle ezithakazelisayo. Pol Verlen kwaba omunye onjalo izimbongi oluvelele. Shono nje ezamenyezelwa "iSikhulu Izimbongi" kanye master wavuma we izinkomba ongokomfanekiso. Nokho, akuwona theoretician noma umholi, wayengekho.

Ukudala kanye nempilo yakho amaqiniso imbongi atehlukaniseki. Ukuba nemvelo engazinzile futhi unothando (ngakho kusitshela yomlando wakhe), Pol Verlen njalo babanjwa kuwukuphikisana uhlamvu lwakhe ukudalelwa, futhi wavuma isisindo izimo zokuphila ezinzima. Kodwa njengoba kushiwo kufanele Anatole France: "Akwamukelekile ukusebenzisa ithephu esifanayo imbongi kanye nabantu abaphendula ngokunengqondo. Paul ngokuvamile engekho kithi, njengoba iphezulu kakhulu futhi ephansi kakhulu kunalokho ngesikhathi esifanayo sonke. He is bengaphili futhi kanjalo nokuba imbongi ozalelwe kanye eminyakeni eyikhulu. "

Esakhula

Pol Verlen wazalelwa e Metz ngo-1844. Ngenxa umsebenzi kayise (wayengumuntu unjiniyela wezempi), wonke umkhaya uthuthele njalo, kuze ngo 1851 akuyona ukuhlala eParis. Lapha imbongi esizayo wachitha iminyaka yakhe esikoleni. Ngo-1862 wathola iziqu ze-bachelor ezincwadini. Kakade ebusheni bakhe izinkambu uvele predilection ngoba umsebenzi wokubhala. Walifunda izinkondlo C. Baudelaire, kanye izimbongi parnassians T. Gautier noT de Bonneville. Ekupheleni 1862 imbongi esizayo iya Faculty of Law utadisha umthetho, kodwa izinkinga zezimali kwamphoqa ukuba bangayeki izifundo zakhe bese ukusebenza.

emphakathini kokuqala

Ngo-1866, uPawulu owanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini "Modern Parnassus." Wabuye ishicilela imali iqoqo sakhe "Saturnian inkondlo." Ngo encwadini yokuqala Verlaine kubonisa izimbongi kumbhali-Parnassian abenqaba 'izinkondlo confessional "kanye romantic" imizwa ngendlela eyisimanga. " Ngokusho kwabo, umbandela eyinhloko ubuhle - kuba ukuphelela ifomu, "ngokuvumelana phakathi subjective kanye umgomo." izinkondlo Sakudala uPawulu Verlaine zibonisa ngokucacile kakhulu zokusebenzisa lesi simiso. Noma kunjalo, imbongi livela isitayela yayo yasekuqaleni, libhekene ithoni melancholic futhi abanekhono lokudlulisa umuntfu lofundzako loko lokushiwo ukunyakaza osithekile umphefumulo, "umculo" zalo.

imisebenzi emisha

Esikhathini 60s sekwephuzile Paul ibambisane omagazini eziningana tetemibhalo. Futhi zihamba ngezindleko zazo, yena ishicilela ngo-1869 iqoqo "ngamaholide lesidze." Ezinkondlweni besihambisana nesiminyaminya melancholy, ifomu ukudlala, okuvumela ithoni okuxoxa. Imbongi uzama engenzeki bendabuko imvumelwano versification.

Ngalesi sikhathi Verlaine wahlangana intombazane eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, Matilda. Ukugqashuka ugqozi nothando waphefumulela uPawulu ukuba abhale iqoqo elisha "Good Iculo". I izinkondlo kufakwe incwadi, abe isigqi ezivamile. Ngakho-ke igama elithi mnene futhi lyrical.

Wedding nokuhlangabezana nge Rimbaud

Summer 1870 ukuqoqwa "Iculo Elihle 'ishicilelwe futhi Verlaine kanye ashade Matilda. onqenqema Young e Paris, kodwa Ukubheduka kweMpi Franco-Prussian iphoqa ukuba basinde iJerusalema livinjezelwe. Ngemva 1871 izinkambu melancholy kwandisa. It kugqugquzelwa njengendlela yokuphila siqu akusebenzanga kanye nokulahlekelwa Paris isigodi.

ubudlelwano Umkhaya nakakhulu nzima ngemva kokuhlangana uPawulu nomunye imbongi French. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-abadumile Artyur Rembo. Anarchism kanye nihilism okuqinile - lawa izikhundla ezimbili ngemibono, esibonakala by lokusungula Arthur kanye biography yakhe. Pol Verlen, kwaphoqa wayeyisazi abasha, banquma ukuhlukana ne-siko senkondlo. Yena sina ecabanga mayelana nokuqukethwe izinkondlo zakhe.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1872 Pol Verlen futhi Artyur Rembo ukuchitha sonke isikhathi ndawonye. Ziya eningi yase-England nase Belgium. Rambo bathi uPawulu kufanele sifune izindlela ezintsha zezinkondlo. Bavame ukulwa futhi enze ukuthula, kuze kwenzeka emvuthwandaba phakathi kungamanyala ngo-1873. Paul Arthur Kuphendula namanxeba kuye ehlombe. Ngalesi Verlaine wagqoka iminyaka emibili ejele. On ke bayokhululwa Januwari 1875.

Romance ngaphandle Amagama

Zonke izinkondlo uPawulu Verlaine ezinhle, kodwa kufakwe iqoqo "Romance ngaphandle Amagama" kukhona impumelelo yakhe engcono senkondlo. Iqoqo yanyatheliswa ngo 1874, lapho umlobi esejele. Emavesini uzwakale amanothi melancholy yokudabuka kanye lokulibala emfushane. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe zifane namathafa Impressionist, embozwe gray ufasimbe, noma ziyoncibilika inkungu. Kulokhu, ngokucacile kuyofikwa ngekhono lokusetshenziswa kwamathekisthi abukelwayo izici ulimi nokuthambekela zamagama asinazo izithombe olungokomfanekiso nangamazwi.

"Art ezinezinkondlo" futhi "izimbongi Damned"

Ngo 1882, uPawulu eshicilelwe inkondlo "Art ezinezinkondlo", egcwele for abasha symbolist izimbongi kuleli Manifesto. Nakuba uPawulu ngokwakhe akazange ukweluleka abalandeli bakhe ukuba bahlanganyele kunoma mbumbulu zokudala. Kungcono ukudala isitayela sakho siqu original. Ngawo lowo nyaka wafika umjikelezo we "izimbongi Damned", lapho khona umbhali wakhuluma zakamuva esikoleni Symbolist izimbongi futhi wadumisa T. Korber, Rimbaud, Mallarmé S. et al. Impumelelo kulolu chungechunge ukuvumele uPawulu ukushicilela ngaphezulu imisebenzi yabo futhi ukhokhelwe, kube kuhle imali. Singasho ukuthi ngokwezezimali, lesi kwaba yisikhathi esihle kakhulu empilweni imbongi. Lokhu uphela yomlando wakhe. Pol Verlen wafa ngo-1896 yizifo ezinjenge-pneumonia.