Imisebenzi best of Bulgakov: uhlu futhi kafushane

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, imisebenzi kabani best okwethulwa kulesi sihloko empilweni kwezincwadi USSR lithathe indawo yalo isikhundla angawodwa. Ukuzizwa indlalifa isiko etemibhalo kwekhulu le-19, wayengumuntu okwangempela ngokulinganayo alien kanye nomphakathi, bese utshala imibono wobukhomanisi-1930, futhi umoya zokucwaninga avant-garde, nobuntu izincwadi Russian we 1920. Umlobi ngokucijile satirical, kuphambene nezidingo ukucwaninga, kuvezwa isimo sengqondo esingaqondile ukuze ukwakhiwa somphakathi omusha nenguquko e-USSR.

Izici Weltanschauung kombhali

imisebenzi Bulgakov sasibonisa isimo lezihlakaniphi ezikhathini Ukudilizwa mlando we kombuso wobushiqela isalokhu izinikele similo kanye nemasiko nemagugu bendabuko. Lesi sikhundla angizisoli okuningi umbhali, wemibhalo yakhe yesandla babengavunyelwe ukuphrinta. Ingxenye enkulu yefa omlobi beza kithi kuphela ngokusebenzisa ngemva kokufa kwakhe emashumini eminyaka ezayo.

Sikunikeza uhlu elandelayo imisebenzi edume kunazo Bulgakov:

- amanoveli "I iWhite Guard", "Nkosi noMargarita", "Amanothi lomufi;

- Indaba: "Diaboliad", "I Amaqanda Obulalayo", "Inhliziyo ka Inja";

- play "Ivan Vasilievich".

Le noveli "The iWhite Guard" (iminyaka sokudalwa - 1922-1924)

Uhlu "imisebenzi best of Bulgakov sika" ukuvula "I iWhite Guard". Ngo inoveli yakhe yokuqala Bulgakov lichaza izenzakalo ezihlobene ekupheleni 1918, ie inkathi kulwiwa. Isenzo komkhiqizo senzeka e Kiev, ngokunembile, endlini, lapho ngaleso sikhathi wahlala nomndeni lwembhali. Prototypes phakathi abangane, izihlobo nabangane kukhona Bulgakov cishe zonke izinhlamvu. Imibhalo yesandla imisebenzi ungazange basinda, kodwa naphezu kwale mizamo, abalandeli noveli, kulandela isiphetho amaqhawe prototypes ukuze zifakazela iqiniso futhi ohlongozwayo Mihailom Afanasevichem izenzakalo.

Ingxenye yokuqala ethi "iWhite Guard" (UMikhail Bulgakov) yakhishwa ngo-1925 umagazini obizwa ngokuthi "Russian". Ngokugcwele msebenzi wakhe wanyatheliswa France ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Imibono a baxgeki kwakungafanele ngazwilinye - ohlangothini wamaSoviet wawungakwazi ukuthikameza ukwamukela ukukhazinyuliswa izitha ekilasini umbhali kanye abakwamanye amazwe - ukwethembeka emagunyeni.

Ngo-1923 Bulgakov wabhala ukuthi ukudala umkhiqizo yokuthi "esibhakabhakeni Lizakubalela ...". "I iWhite Guard" (UMikhail Bulgakov) kamuva wakhonza njengombonisi umthombo for the play adumile "Izinsuku abaphehla ugesi." Kwakukhona futhi eziningi ezincwadini.

Tale "Diaboliad" (1923)

Ukuqhubeka ukuchaza edume kakhulu usebenza Bulgakov. Lezi zihlanganisa noveli "Diaboliad". Indaba mayelana nendlela amawele zonakale umabhalane, umbhali wembula indaba ephathwayo kwaphakade "ndoda omncane", ngubani waba yisisulu umshini bureaucratic samandla Soviet, ezingqondweni Korotkov, Mabhalane, elihlobene ne devil, amandla okubhubhisa. Axoshwe emsebenzini, wehluleka ukubhekana amademoni bureaucratic umsebenzi ekugcineni uya mad. Umsebenzi yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1924 e-Anthology "Nadra".

Indaba "The Fatal Amaqanda" (unyaka kusungulwa - 1924)

imisebenzi Bulgakov ihlanganisa inoveli "I Amaqanda Obulalayo". Izenzakalo ezenzeka kuwo ngo-1928. UVladimir Ipatievich Peaches, sezilwane brilliant uthola into eyingqayizivele: ingxenye obomvu bohlu ukukhanya kunomphumela Ugqozi ku imibungu - baqala ukukhula ngokushesha futhi afinyelele usayizi, inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela zabo "okwangempela." Kukhona ethile eyodwa kuphela - idatha ikakhulukazi libhekene ulaka kanye nekhono zanda owengeziwe.

Omunye ipulazi, eliholwa indoda zokugcina igama Rock, unquma ukusebenzisa kokusungulwa Persikov ukubuyisela isibalo imfuyo izinkukhu emva iRussia udlulela inkukhu isifo. Uthatha ikhamera-feeds uprofesa, kodwa ngephutha esikhundleni inkukhu ukumenza ingwenya, inyoka futhi amaqanda nentshe. Awezinyoka achanyuselwa kuzo, njalo nokuzala - they qhubeka eMoscow, oniselwa konke endleleni yayo.

Uzungu yalo msebenzi wenanela "awukudla konkulunkulu" - inoveli by HG Wells, eyabhalwa kuye ngo-1904. Kuyo, ososayensi yasungulwa powder esibangela ukukhula okukhulu zezitshalo nezilwane. Ngenxa yalokho zokuhlolwa eNgilandi kukhona neminyovu emikhulu kanye namagundane, futhi kamuva izinkukhu, ezihlukahlukene izitshalo, kanye uhlanga lwemidondoshiya.

Prototypes futhi lithathelwe indaba "The Amaqanda Obulalayo"

Ngokwe philologist ovelele B. Sokolova, prototypes Persikov ubizwe Aleksandra Gurvicha, lo isazi sezinto eziphilayo esidumile, futhi uVladimir Lenin.

Sergey Lomkin kuzosuswa esekelwe 1995 ifilimu yegama imisebenzi efanayo, kuhlanganise namaqhawe enjalo lapho nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa "Umninimuzi UMargarita" njengoba Voland (Mikhail Kozakov) kanye cat uBehemoti (Roman Madyanov). Oleg Yankovsky lolungenamaphutsa abadlale indima UProfesa Persikov.

Inoveli "Inhliziyo ka Inja" (1925)

Ngokokuqala ngqá kule ndaba yanyatheliswa eLondon Frankfurt ngo-1968. Ngo-USSR ke kwasakazwa samizdat, futhi kuphela ngo-1987, ukushicilelwa olusemthethweni.

Umsebenzi, okuyinto yabhalelwa Bulgakov Mihail ( "Inhliziyo ka Inja"), has ngesakhiwo elandelayo. Izenzakalo ezenzeka ngo-1924. Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky, udokotela ohlinzayo ovelele ephumelelisa Imiphumela Amazing rejuvenation futhi ekhululeka ukuhlola esiyingqayizivele - ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ukufakela umuntu inja pituitary. Bezdomny inja isibani isetshenziswa njengophawu isilwane ukuhlolwa, futhi Clim Chugunkin sela bafile empini, kuba ukunikela ngezitho zomzimba.

Ngezinye Ball kancane kancane uqala iwe uvolo, welula nemilenze, kukhona bomuntu nezwi. UProfesa isimo maduzane sizoba Nokho, bakhala ezimathonsi mayelana ephelele.

Lapho uqhuba yosesho efulethini UMikhail Bulgakov ngo-1926-ke waphoqwa ukuthi lo mbhalo wesandla "Inhliziyo ka Inja" waphindela kuphela emva isicelo ke Gorky.

Prototypes futhi lithathelwe "Inhliziyo ka Inja"

Abacwaningi abaningi lokusungula Bulgakov wathatha umbono wokuthi umbhali eziboniswe kule ncwadi ka Lenin (isimo), uStalin (amabhola), Zinoviev (umsizi Zina) kanye Trotsky (Bormental). Kukholakala, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi Bulgakov wabikezela ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu mass okwenzeka ngabo-1930.

Alberto Lattuada, isiNtaliyane umqondisi ifilimu, ngo-1976, wathatha incwadi igama elifanayo ifilimu, lapho lo profesa isimo Max von Sydow udlala. ukuthandwa Special, Nokho, lokhu lithathelwe ifilimu azange abe, ngokungafani kuya isithombe yisakhiwo sodumo umqondisi uVladimir Bortko, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1988.

Le noveli "Umninimuzi UMargarita" (iminyaka 1929-1940)

Farce, ukubhinqa, imfihlakalo, ukucabanga, mfanekiso, romance, enganekwaneni ... Ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi umkhiqizo, okuyinto kudala UMikhail Bulgakov sika "Master noMargarita", ehlanganisa zonke lezi izinhlobo.

USathane ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u-Woland ebusa ezweni lethu nomunye owaziwa kuphela kuye imigomo, ephumula ngezikhathi ezithile emizaneni ehlukahlukene kanye nemizana. Uma, entwasahlobo inyanga egcwele, uthola ngokwakhe eMoscow-1930 - isikhathi nendawo lapho kungekho muntu okholwa futhi uNkulunkulu noma uSathane, babenqaba ukuthi sikhona likaJesu Kristu.

Bonke labo mbeni Woland, ukuphishekela isijeziso esasiwafanele ngoba eziyizici ngamunye lezi zono: ukudakwa, ukufumbathisa, ukuhaha, ubugovu, amanga, ukunganaki, luhlaza, njll

Dala inoveli mayelana kukaPontiyu Pilatu, iNkosi i ukukhoseliswa lokusangana, lapho wamxosha ukugxekwa kusuka abalobi nabo. Margaret, indlovukazi yakhe, ukuphupha kuphela mayelana nendlela ukuthola UMNINIMUZI uyibuyisele kuye. Azazello kunikeza ithemba lakhe ukuthi leliphupho ayogcwaliseka, kodwa le ntombazane has ukuba omunye isevisi Woland.

umlando imisebenzi

Le nguqulo yokuqala kule noveli equkethwe incazelo eningiliziwe ngokomzimba of Woland, ibekwe phezu nanhlanu Amakhasi ngesandla zidalwe UMikhail Bulgakov. "Master noMargarita", ngakho has umlando walo. Okokuqala, u-Master ngokuthi Astaroth. Ngo-1930 e-amaphephandaba Soviet kanye journalism ngemva Maxim Gorky zase zihleliwe isihloko "Master".

Ngokusho Elena Sergeevna, umfelokazi umbhali, Bulgakov ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wathi la mazwi cishe inoveli yakhe "Umninimuzi UMargarita": "Ukuze ukwazi ... ukwazi."

Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa asishicilelwa kwaze kwaba ngemva kokufa kwakhe. It abokuqala ukukhanyisa kuphela ngo-1966, okungukuthi engu-26 ngemva kokufa kumdlali, inguqulo mfushane, nge izikweletu. Le noveli ngokushesha kwakuqala ukwanda phakathi nezazi Soviet, ngokwezinga ukuthi kushicilelwe olusemthethweni ngo-1973. Amakhophi zibhaliwe imisebenzi ngesandla, futhi ngaleyo ndlela basakaza. Elena wakwazi ukugcina wesandla kuyo yonke leminyaka.

ukuthandwa Omkhulu wayejabula lapho ukusebenza eminingi esekelwe imisebenzi zilethwe Valeriem Belyakovichem futhi Yuri Lyubimov, liphinde wathwebula by Alexander Petrovic futhi Andzheya Vaydy kanye uchungechunge TV uVladimir Bortko futhi Yuriya Kary.

"Theatrical Inoveli" noma "Amanothi ofileyo" (iminyaka 1936-1937)

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich wabhala imisebenzi kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1940. Incwadi "Theatrical Inoveli" wahlala sidle. It egameni Sergei Leontyevich Maksudova, umlobi othile, isitshela indaba izwe luvo lwembhali ethiyetha kwesiteji.

Novemba 26, 1936 uqalile umsebenzi incwadi. Bulgakov ekhasini lokuqala wesandla sakhe sibe amagama amabili: "Theatrical Inoveli" futhi "Amanothi salowo oshonile." Lesi sakamuva kabili ladvwetjelwe kubo.

Ngokwabacwaningi kakhulu, inoveli - le engenangqondo kakhulu isidalwa Bulgakov. It yadalwa umoya ofanayo, ngaphandle imidwebo, abhale luhlaka abuye alungise. unkosikazi komlobi wakhumbula ukuthi, ngenkathi ekhonza kwakusihlwa, elinde ukubuya komyeni wakhe kusukela ngobusuku Bolshoi Theatre, wahlala phansi edeskini lakhe futhi wabhala amakhasi ambalwa lo msebenzi, bese, wanelisa, bezihlikihla izandla zakhe kuye.

Umdlalo "Ivan" (1936)

Indalo edume kunazo abahlanganisi kwaphela netindzaba, kodwa futhi udlala Bulgakov. Omunye wabo, "Ivan", okunikelwe ukunakwa kwakho. Uhlela wakhe olandelayo. Nikolay Timofeev, unjiniyela ukwenza e Moscow, endlini yakhe umshini isikhathi. Lapho umphathi isakhiwo Bunsha iza kuye, ephenduka ukhiye, futhi odongeni ubalekela phakathi ezindlini. Found isela George Miloslavsky, ehlezi Shpak efulethini kumakhelwane wakhe. Kuvele unjiniyela kuvula i-portal ukuze eMoscow ezinsukwini kwekhulu le-16. Ivan Grozny, ningethuki, ungena esamanje Miloslavsky Bunsha bese emuva ngesikhathi.

Le ndaba yaqala ngo-1933 lapho Mr Mikhail bavumelana ukubhala "play fun" ngomculo ihholo. Ekuqaleni, umbhalo ngokuthi ehlukile, "Bliss", ingena lamaKhomanisi esizayo umshini isikhathi, futhi Ivan Grozny uvele isiqephu esisodwa kuphela.

Le ndlela, kanye nezinye izingcezu Bulgakov (uhlu ingaqhutshezwa), phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe akuzange ishicilelwe futhi ayizange kuze kube 1965. Leonid Gaidai 1973 esekelwe imisebenzi eyenziwe movie yakhe edumile okuthiwa "Ivan Vasilyevich Izinguquko Occupation".

Lena okudaliwe nje eziyisisekelo owenza UMikhail Bulgakov. Imisebenzi omlobi azigcini okungenhla. Qhubeka ekutadisheni lokusungula Bulgakov inganikwa amandla kanye nabanye.