Biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy. amaqiniso ethakazelisayo

Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna (iminyaka yokuphila - 1892-1941) - imbongi edumile Russian. Yayiyindodakazi Tsvetaeva Ivan Vladimirovich (1847-1913), usosayensi othile. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe libhekene maximalism romantic, ukwenqaba zokuphila kwansuku zonke, uthando esasizobhujiswa, isizungu nezisusa. amaqoqo Major imbongi - "Intuthuko" (1921), eyanyatheliswa ngo-1923 "Craft", "Ngemva Russia" (1928). Yena yadalwa ngo-1925, inkondlo satirical ngokuthi "Pied Piper" amakhaza, kwathi ngakusasa - ". Inkondlo Sokuphela ' Biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

umndeni Tsvetaeva

Tsvetaeva Marina wazalwa ngo 26 Septhemba (indlela endala yokubhala - 8 Okthoba) 1892 eMoscow. Ubaba wakhe, njengoba sekushiwo, kwaba owaqamba ezikhethekile emlandweni wasendulo, ubuciko kanye epigraphy. WayeyiZwi umsunguli kanye nomqondisi lokuqala (kusuka 1911 kuya 1913), Museum of Fine Arts. Lapho eshadisa abantu bokuqala uprofesa ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ngemva kokuzalwa izingane ezimbili, umfazi abasha wafa, Ivan Tsvetaev kabusha washada noMariya Mayne. Ngo 1892, 26 Septhemba, lokhu Labelisa bavele intombazane wathola igama Marina (ie, "ulwandle"). Iqala kanjalo-ke biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy.

Umama, Meyn uMariya Aleksandrovna, washona ngo-1906. Wayengumngane wopiyano, umfundi ka Rubinshteyna A. G. Lona wesifazane lunomthelela omkhulu Marina. Yena ngiphuphe ukuthi indodakazi yakhe waba wopiyano. Nokho, izwe izinkondlo eladonsa Tsvetaeva abasha abangaphezu kuka ukusebenza izikimu. Enye iminyaka eyisithupha ubudala wabhala ivesi lokuqala. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela Russian Marina okwenzeka, kodwa futhi French nesiJalimane. Kunalokho ngokuqinile wakhulela namadodakazi (Marina nodadewabo Anastasia) umama. Bona wathola imfundo yekhethelo. Umkhulu isigamu-abafowabo nodadewabo - mlando futhi isikhulumi Ilovajskij Dmitri Ivanovich.

Ebuntwaneni imbongi esizayo

Biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy e neminyaka yakhe yakudala kuphawulwa yokuthi eseyingane ngenxa umama ukugula wahlala isikhathi eside e-Germany, Switzerland, Italy. Breaks ekuqeqesheni e sokuzivocavoca zagcwaliswa ngonyaka amakilasi ezikoleni okuhlalwa kuso Freiburg futhi wase-Lausanne. Marina labetibambile eziqephuzayo German nesiFulentshi. Wathula walalela eSorbonne ngo-1909, French izincwadi Yiqiniso.

ukuzimela Early

Ngemva kokufa unina ukunakekelwa ingane yawela emahlombe kayise. Wayematasatasa emsebenzini, ngakho abakwazanga ngaso sonke isikhathi sakhe. Yingakho, mhlawumbe, amantombazane usukhulile okungaphezu kweminyaka yakhe ezimele, waba nesithakazelo masinya isimo sezombusazwe isimo, ubudlelwane nabobulili obuhlukile.

Ezemfundo Marina Tsvetaeva

Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela kanina esemncane Marina Tsvetaeva waya umculo esikoleni, futhi wathatha ekhaya izifundo umculo. Kodwa le misebenzi ngemva kokufa ukuthuthukiswa sikaMariya okwengeziwe elalingazange. Marina nodadewabo imfundo yamabanga aphansi wayithola ekhaya, ngaphansi kokuqondisa unina. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka 8-9, imbongi esizayo khona emakilasini angu e sokuzivocavoca Bryukhonenko MT, bese eSwitzerland, e Lausanne. Wafunda 1903 e esikoleni samaKatolika, bese yalandela owesifazane nomkhaya wathuthela boarding school French. Tsvetaeva nezifundo zakhe e-Germany, ngesikhathi isivakashi ndlu Freiburg. Yena unikezwa kalula ngezilimi, bese ngokuvamile wathola ukuhumusha, ngoba lokusungula ayikhuphuki nomholo le mbongi, efana Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography netinkondlo wakhe kuphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe waqala ukuze sivuse isithakazelo kwabaningi.

Marina wangena 1908 kuya eParis, lapho babhaliswa eSorbonne. Kube elalele izinkulumo izincwadi Old French.

Ukuqala umsebenzi yetemibhalo

Umlando okudala Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy iqala kanje. I ucwaningo lokuqala etemibhalo eyayigujwa kwesiyingi Symbolists eMoscow. Marina wahlangana Briusov, okuyinto baba nomthelela omkhulu ku izinkondlo zalo zokuqala, futhi nale mbongi ezifana Ellios (Kobylinskiy Lev Lvovich). Wahlanganyela imisebenzi amaqembu kanye studios, sise endlini ukushicilela "Musaget". Futhi yaba nethonya elikhulu emhlabeni kwezobuciko futhi esankondlo indlu (eCrimea), nomcwaningi ubuciko imbongi Maximilian Voloshin. Yayihlala Koktebel izikhathi eziningi.

Iqoqo lokuqala

Ngo amaqoqo bakhe ababili zezinkondlo "Kusihlwa albhamu" (1910) kanye "The Magic Lantern" (1912), kanye kulotshiwe 1914 inkondlo "Witch" incazelo olunzulu ekhaya impahla (ekumeni, izibuko, amahholo, zezingane), ukufunda, ukuhamba phezu Boulevard, umculo, imisebenzi, ubudlelwano nodadewabo nonina eyenziwe idayari intombazanyana yesikole encane. "Kusihlwa albhamu" sanikezelwa imemori kaMariya Bashkirtseva Konstantinovna umculi egxile idayari, ukuzikhethela confessional. Njengoba nje kulotshiwe ku-1921, le nkondlo "On the red ihhashi" ukuma ballads fabulous romantic wathola indaba ekwenziweni imbongi.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe

ebuhlotsheni bokuzinikezela Sofey Parnok (okuyinto thina namanje ukutshela), umjikelezo izinkondlo "Girlfriend" yavela kuyi-1916. Phakathi Yombango kwafika umjikelezo onesihloko esithi "Swan Iculo," okuyinto lanikezelwa kuya ubuqhawe sezikhonzi emhlophe. Kukhona emisebenzini yakhe netinkondlo, futhi izingcezu romantic, njengokuthi "ihhashi elibomvu", "Yegorushka", "Tsar Maiden".

Lithandana Rodzevich waphefumulela ukudalwa amaqoqo "Inkondlo Sokuphela 'futhi" Inkondlo sentaba. " In Paris, lapho wagcina ukuphila konke iqoqo Marina. Lokhu ndawo kwangena umkhaya othile 1928 kusukela Czech Republic. Yahlala awashicilelwe, kodwa iningi izinkondlo zakhe. Marina wenza ikakhulukazi izinguqulo futhi kusihlwa zokudala eziphilayo.

nenhlekelele

Imfihlakalo enkulu Efron umndeni (umyeni imbongi), kanye Tsvetaeva, yini eyashukumisela bathuthe kakhulu neSoviet Union ngo-1939? Owayeyisikhulu esiphezulu White, Efron, ngubani alwa kanzima ukuze agweme amaBolshevik, ngokungazelelwe babekholelwa ekunqobeni wobukhomanisi. Wabuyela e-Paris nomphakathi ukulawula NKVD eyayikhuluma ukubuya abathutha ezweni lenkaba yawo. Ngo-1937, owafika ngalo indodakazi eMoscow Marina Tsvetaeva sika, Ariadne (owaboshwa ngaphambi omunye umuntu). Ngemva kwalokho Sergei Efron ngisindile, njengoba bekulokhu ebucayini elala NKVD Paris. Marina nendodana yakhe ilandelwe umyeni wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni yokwenza duty inkosikazi enothando.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila Marina I.

Izenzakalo ezilandelayo igcwaliswe biography yakhe. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva wazibonela ukuboshwa umyeni wakhe nendodakazi ngo-1939, savithiza imbongi. Wasala yedwa nendodana yakhe George. Futhi ubuhlobo naye, spoilt walalelisisa futhi, baba edidayo. ukhathazekile kakhulu ngenxa konke lokhu eminyakeni yamuva, Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Umlando Omfushane izinsuku iminyaka zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe sinqanyuliwe elandelayo umcimbi ebulalayo. Agasti 31, 1941, ngemva kokuphuma ukuba Yelabuga ngokuqondene ukugqashuka kwempi yezwe yesibili, Tsvetaeva walengiswa yena eMfuleni Kama, endlini ihholo, kwabelwe kubo indodana yakhe. Akuzange watholakala ethuneni Marina Tsvetaeva, naphezu kwemizamo ngodadewabo Anastasia, okwakubekelwa avuselelwa ngo-1959, futhi indodakazi yakhe Ariadne (avuselelwa ngo-1955). Ngo-August 1941, e Moscow, udutshulwe Sergei Efron.

Njalo is Biography emfushane ka Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna.

Inani imbongi ekudalweni

Sinesithakazelo imbongi, ngeshwa, lapho ukuphila awazange alinde ukuqashelwa. Kwadingeka alamba, recitals namaqoqo kufanele awazange aqashelwe besikhathi sakhe. Nokho, Okwamanje, Tsvetaeva nofanelekayo omunye abameleli ovelele izinkondlo Russian we Isiliva Age. Umlando Omfushane Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna netinkondlo wakhe afakiwe yezifundo zezikole. Namuhla izinkondlo ethandwa kakhulu, eziningi zazo ziye zaba zothando edume, ahambisana nomculo wezinsimbi. Manje, hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya uyawuthanda uthando futhi aqaphele Marina Tsvetaeva. Umlando iDemo ngesiNgisi Marina Ivanovna, isibonelo, sidalwe abalobi abaningi. ENetherlands, Leiden, indlu itholakala odongeni ezilotshiwe izinkondlo Tsvetaeva (isithombe eboniswe ngezansi).

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Tsvetaeva

ukuphila komuntu imbongi (yena akakuthandanga izwi, ngokuthi ngokwayo imbongi) emsebenzini wakhe ngeke zihlukaniswe. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukhulume amaqiniso ambalwa ezithakazelisayo eziye imakwe ukuphila kwakhe. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva wabhala imisebenzi yakhe engcono uyathandana, ngesikhathi nakho ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo.

amanoveli Abaningi enobudlova ezazisemizini Marina zokuphila, kodwa uthando kuphela usephendukele lonke ekuphileni imbongi - kuyinto Sergei Efron, owaba umyeni wakhe futhi uyise wezingane zakhe.

Kwethulwa kubo kwaba romantic, eCrimea ngo-1911. Marina, kuyilapho imbongi luthela, bahlala lapha ngokumenywa Maximilian Voloshin, umngane wakhe omkhulu.

Sergei Efron eCrimea wafika ukuphulukisa emva ukusetshenziswa, kanye alulame emva ukuzibulala kanina. Kakade ngo-1912, ngo-January, bashada. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indodakazi Tsvetaeva sika, Ariadne. Nokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi marina kakhulu baziswa umyeni wakhe, ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 ukuzalwa Ali (okubizwa ngokuthi ikhaya Ariadne) yena ingamamitha baphulukundlela bangena inoveli entsha. Futhi kulesi sikhathi owesifazane, imbongi kanye umhumushi UZandile Parnok walithanda Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Biography emfushane izingane, yebo, awukhulumi ke. Kabuhlungu wazibonela Efron passion inkosikazi yakhe, kodwa bathethelelwe. Ngo-1916, ngemva izingxabano eziningi reconciliations, Tsvetaeva ekugcineni ahlukana ngalo Parnok futhi abaningi babuyela emkhayeni.

Ngemva nokubuyisana nomyeni wakhe ngo-1917, Marina wabeletha u-Irina, egcwele ukudumala ngoba Tsvetaeva, owayefuna indodana. Efron iqhaza kulengqungquthela ezimhlophe, walwa no-amaBolshevik, ngakho kwesokunxele emva kwempi, eMoscow, waya eningizimu, lapho iqhaza ekumeleleni eCrimea. Yena bathutha ngemva nje ibutho Denikin sika yagcina ihluliwe.

izingane Nge amabili bahlala Marina Tsvetaeva eMoscow. umndeni Bengenamizwelo kwaba futhi kwadingeka adayise okudliwayo. Nokho, ukuze ulondoloze indodakazi yokugcina, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo, akunakwenzeka ukuba umama. Ira wafa endaweni yokukhosela indlala, lapho ethole khona indodana Tsvetaeva, enethemba lokuthi ingane ngeke adle kangcono lapha.

Marina ngesikhathi ngokwahlukana nomyeni wakhe basinda amanoveli embalwa nje, kodwa wanquma ngo-1922 ukuya Sergei Efron phesheya. Isivele ixhumekile nomuntu oshade naye, Marina phakathi kwenkathi ethile edingiselwe eCzech Republic wahlangana Rodzevich, ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa uyise wangempela George, indodana eside elindelwe, wazalwa ngo-1925. Kodwa ngokusemthethweni kuba Efron. Useke wagcizelela ngokuphindaphindiwe Marina Tsvetaeva (biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila zazo esixoxe), okuyinto ekugcineni wabeletha indodana, umyeni wakhe. Ngakho, it is kancane ahlengwe icala labo esiyitholayo emva indodakazi bafela eMoscow post-wamavukelambuso.

Lona imbongi Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila kwakhe, nethemba, wavusa isifiso ku umfundi ukuqhubeka ajwayelane naleli nxusa eliqhakazile izinkondlo of the Silver Age. Kunconywe ukufunda izinkondlo zakhe. imisebenzi abanamakhono Ngempela wadala Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Umlando iDemo (okuthiwa Isiliva Ubudala, sethemba ukuthi ukhumbule) yadalwa ukuze ukhiqize isithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe.