Khumbula zabuna. Amazwibela "Dead Imiphefumulo", le nkondlo, NV Gogol

umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela Stern isiqondiso ezibucayi, futhi enye - a eyimfihlakalo satirist eneka izilonda futhi ngikwazi ukuthenga ugwayi notshwala besikhathi sakhe, futhi mncane, engena isosha esihlatshelelwayo; Patriot, abantu kabuhlungu ngothando isiRashiya, Russian, kodwa silondoloze ubuhlobo obuseduze bomdabu yabo Little eRussia, Ukraine ... Lona-ke, Nikolay vasilevich Gogol, omunye wabalobi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi Ayindida kwekhulu le-19.

Inkondlo "Imiphefumulo Dead"

Ngakho isifinyezo. "Imiphefumulo Dead", imisebenzi odumile Gogol, ngikulandise ngaleyo ndlela ngempela kunzima. Naso egcwele umuzwa zefilosofi zenhlalo-accusatory. Futhi kwehliswa kwelizinga lyrical, shrill zabo, ithoni okulusizi inhliziyo abakwazi ukuchaza - Gogol wayengomunye walabo abalobi abane-ukufunda, njengoba besho, in the original. Futhi okwamanje ...

Uyixoxe isifinyezo sezinto "Imiphefumulo Dead" uzoqala, yebo, kuze kube ukuvakashelwa elidume enhlokodolobha yesifundazwe NN othile, uMnumzan ' "Okuqukethwe akuzwakali": hhayi obukhulu kakhulu kodwa hhayi mncane; hhayi abasha, kodwa hhayi ubudala, azizinhle kodwa hhayi amabi. Isebenza protagonist, uPavel Ivanovich Chichikov, a zekhotho Collegiate. Wafika lapha ezindabeni zabo, bakha ihhotela lapho igumbi ngalinye ukusebenzisa amaphela nenkundla ukuhlakula, futhi ngaqala ukungabaza izinto umnikazi ngalokho iyenziwa edolobheni futhi ezizungezile endaweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sifinyeto "Imiphefumulo Dead" ukufaka indaba ukuvakashelwa Chichikov ukuba izikhulu zedolobha. Gogol eyodwa noma amagama amabili unika amalebula izici esiqondile wonke nababusi balo, ukudweba isithombe mazombe odlulayo amasiko nemikhuba owandile NN. It kuvela ukuthi kukhona esichumayo ukufumbathisa, kabili nokuhwebelana, kwesisekelo, ukweba frank kwezimali zomphakathi, nezinye iziphambeko eziningi. Nokho, lokho akusho obakhathalelayo Chichikov. Kudingeka bazi ukuthi kulendawo enkulu bahlala esifundeni, kungakhathaliseki kwakukhona Inhlupho side yabo, izifo nezinye izinhlekelele. Nezikhulu uPawulu Ivanovich baziphathe ngenhlonipho kakhulu, ngenhlonipho, ngesizotha. Uzisho yena athi kancane, kusho kuphela ukuthi bakuphatha ngendlela engenabulungisa futhi ufuna inkonzo kulezi zindawo ukuze kuxazululwe ngokuthula. isikhulu ngasinye, uyazi ukuthi ngasithola isihluthulelo, ngoba yonke indawo wathola injabulo futhi ezifudumele.

Yena uthonya futhi abanye abanikazi bamazwe, abazi edolobheni, bese wanquma ukuvakashela futhi abangane abasha. Bese isifinyezo sezinto "Imiphefumulo Dead" - indaba uhambo hero sika Russia bomdabu.

Ongumlimi Russia kubangela Gogol futhi siba nemizwa exubile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ububanzi bomkhathi izikhala zalo zisikhumbuza amandla angajwayelekile ithalente abantu Russian. Kungenjalo, frank ubumpofu nobumpofu emizaneni, ukungcola kanye onokuqundeka kwenkundla isethelwe isimo esidabukisayo. Serfdom ezimbi ngempela ekuphileni kwakhe kwansuku zonke.

Chichikov evakashela ngu iphendula Manilow izindlu, Amabhokisi, Nozdryov nezinye abanikazi bamazwe. Zonke ubaphatha isicelo ongaziwa - ukuthengisa kwakhe abalimi abafileyo njengokungathi bayaphila. Umninindawo ngamunye has zayo siqu, ukuphendula ethize isicelo sami. Uma Manilow eziningana ishaqeke futhi ukunika Chichikov "umphefumulo", bese Amabhokisi, Sobakevich, u-Eliya yena kufanele ujuluke futhi bachithe imali yokuthola abakufunayo. Futhi Gogol kukhona ithuba elikhulu ukukhombisa wonke "ubuhle" ubuso abesabekayo serfdom, ukufakazisa ukuthi akusiyo abalimi efile, futhi siphile kulendawo futhi nosaziwayo yilezo "imiphefumulo efile", "nebokoptitelyami" okuyinto, efana izimuncagazi sazihlanganisa abantu baphile ukudla "juice" yakhe - yezabasebenzi kwabantu.

Image kulendawo eyakhelwe isimiso ukushiyana kwezidalwa - kusukela cloying Manilow, indoda "futhi noma ezinye", ku-Eliya - "zidabuke abantu".

Udlala indima ekhethekile enkondlweni "Imiphefumulo Dead" 11 ikhanda, sifinyeto okuyinto zingancishiswa indaba ngokuphila Chichikov. Gogol usembulela hhayi kuphela okushiwo umkhonyovu yakhe, kodwa imininingwane ekutshela lokwatiwako ngekuphila kwakhe, iminyaka esikoleni kanye nentsha. Passion "amapeni" ngoba hoarding ekuseni konakalisa umphefumulo wakhe yaphenduka okubi, scoundrel abonakele, a villain ngubani uzoyeka at izenzo kungekho ngokokuziphatha abonakele ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo oyifunayo futhi inzuzo. Ngenxa enovelini "Imiphefumulo Dead," ukubekwa ngamafuphi kwesibopho izahluko 11 angabhekwa isikhungo ngemibono futhi bokubeka umsebenzi.

Chichikov umqondo kuhlulekile. Esikhundleni impumelelo kuyabamangaza ukuthi kwadingeka libaleke kuleli dolobha. Kodwa iqhawe akaphelelwa inhliziyo. Yakhe "inyoni-Trika izinhlanga 'yonkana expanses Russia njengenhlangano isiphetho akunakugwenywa, njengophawu ukuqala kwekhulu entsha - ngekhulu le-capitalism, predation, ukuwohloka kwesimilo okuwumphumela, ukuwa zokuziphatha. Futhi Chichikov - iqhawe Ezikhathini zanamuhla, abaholi kosozimali ukuba esikhundleni wamanje ukudlala ngaphandle kulendawo amakhosi asendulo.