"Birthmark," Sholokhov: umkhiqizo ukuhlaziywa

Phakathi Okokuqala iMpi Yezwe, Revolution, futhi ikakhulukazi lapho kuqala impi yombango babe vivinyo bonke abakhileyo Russia. Babazi wayizwa nemiphumela ye Cossacks imicimbi zezombusazwe. Freedom abathanda ubunjalo abantu abakwazanga bakwemukele iqiniso lokuthi ezimisiwe amakhulu eminyaka, ukuphila okuhle awe bhú phansi. Kodwa into embi wayengekho ngisho lokho. Kwavela phakathi kwabantu ukusakaza yokuhlukanisa ezinhlangothini ezihlukene omakhelwane wangaphambili, abangane namalungu omkhaya owodwa.

ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa isithombe izinto ezinyantisa umzimba empini yombango kanti ukuhlaziywa nethonya layo ezindabeni zesintu umbhali Mikhail Sholokhov. Umkhiqizo "Birthmark," ebhalwe ngo-1924 futhi kwasho ukuqala umjikelezo "The Don Stories", waba ngowokuqala izenzo zakhe abahlabelela ngazo esiye iqiniso nalezo zikhathi ezibucayi. Futhi kule noveli amaqhawe "Futhi epholile Flows Don", lapho umbhali ngokufingqiwe sihloko wonke kamama, okwakushiwo umlobi uMklomelo KaNobel.

Zibonisa umfanekiso Cossacks Sholokhov

"I Don Stories" baba isenzakalo esibalulekile izincwadi eko. Abazange ibukeke ukuthi sidalwe esikhathini kwamandla Soviet abalobi yesigaba sabasebenzi. Ukubambezeleka Cossack futhi connoisseur omkhulu sokuphila Don, Sholokhov ephethwe lokuphinda yabadobi imisebenzi umbala owehlukile nendlela yokuqala ekuphileni bendawo. Wakhokha ukunakekela okukhethekile izinkolelo zokuziphatha kanye izinhloso, ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe umusa nobuntu, ngawela empini fratricidal.

Isilinganiso izindaba yayingacacile kahle. Abaningi naturalism bedidekile futhi izithombe okunye kuqala impi yombango, kodwa yilokho ukuvumele umbhali ukudlulisela ngokwezinga nhlekelele kweqiniso. Iholwa lezi zimiso ngokulinganisela lapho ubhala indaba "Birthmark" Sholokhov.

Isifinyezo yomkhiqizo: ujwayele Nikolka

Uzungu kwendaba ulula futhi yakhiwe ngendlela ezalandelana, nge ngeziphambeko okuncane (retrospectives) esikhathini esidlule. Uhlamvu main - Nikolay Koshevoy, intokazi isigaba induna iRed Army. Nikolka'm nesishiyagalombili Man wazibonela Cossacks, esasihlonipha ngesibindi sakhe nesibindi. Naphezu yobudala bakhe abasha, usezithathile kakade wahola isigaba kwezinyanga eziyisithupha futhi ube nesikhathi lesi sikhathi ukuba baphule yamaqembu ezimbili. Lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokufaneleka olukhulu uyise, Cossack ovelele, "babhubha" enye impi German. Nguye owafaka indodana yakhe nesibindi, ukukhuthazela, nothando amahhashi: kudala njengoba kweminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha, afundise indodana yakhe ukuhlala the sehhashi. Futhi njengefa kusukela ubaba Nikolka (futhi lokhu kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende okwengeziwe ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo Solochov) imvukuzane emlenzeni ngakwesokunxele, ubukhulu iqanda ijuba.

I inkinga kwesiqinti iba umkhuzi alethwe incwadi nezindaba mayelana nokubonakala esifundeni emhlophe. Isidingo sokuba yenze futhi kubangela umkhuzi ukucabanga kabi kanjani ukuphila kwakhe kwezempi ukhathele: "Funda ... bese neqembu engangikulo."

isikhulu angamaqhawe

On Ngokuqhathanisa izinhlamvu ezimbili eqinile yakha indaba "The Birthmark" Sholokhov. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-isimo sangaphakathi i Cossack abadala, oneminyaka engu-7 ababengababonanga endlini kayise, - ingxenye elandelayo yalo umsebenzi. Eyisiboshwa isiJalimane, wakhonza Wrangel, wavakashela waseConstantinople, futhi manje usebuyele ezweni lakubo ngasekhanda aleli qembu lezigelekeqe. Ataman umphefumulo coarsened eminyakeni, sengathi yena ulola okuthile ngaphakathi, kuyinto Haunted.

Ezinsukwini ezintathu wadlula igenge squad Nikolka ke sise miller, njengoba kubika zokugcina iRed Army. Nyalo egijimela abasha abanesibindi Cossack Ataman. intukuthelo yakhe namanje imbozwe ubuso beardless nesifiso ukufeza umgomo - ngisho ichashazi akuzange kumyekise - okubangelwa ukufutheka phakathi isikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omabonakude esifubeni sakhe ukhuluma ngokucacile mayelana elisezingeni iqhawe. Ngahileleka ataman nalokho, futhi kusukela abasha unhlangothi Checkers umzimba Limp. Experience lamnqoba ngobuqhawe bobusha. Khona-ke, nge Stocking wadonsa elidala Cossack ithole amabhuzu ngezinyawo, futhi ngaphansi kwalo (emangalisayo truthful nangokomzwelo iveza kakhulu lesi siqephu Sholokhov) - imvukuzane. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ukunemba ekhethekile kwendaba finyelela it kule scene, okuyinto eyaba owumphumela wawo wonke lelandzisako.

I protagonists empini njengoba antipodes

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngafunda isikhulu okuningi ayebone indodana yakhe, ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu egcwele emphefumulweni wakhe: "! Nikolushka krovinushku .. wami ..". Zenzeka umzabalazo olunegazi ehlakazekile izinhlangothi ezahlukene abantu bomdabu, abenze yizitha. Ubaba kuhlulekile ukuthethelela yena ngokubulala indodana yakhe - gritted amazinyo akhe "steel Mauser" futhi ukuxoshwa. Ngakho kabuhlungu ngiqeda indaba "Birthmark" Sholokhov.

Ukuhlaziywa nencazelo ukuziphatha izinhlamvu kubonisa ukuthi kuyenyanyeka impi nemvelo, ikakhulu Nikolka. Nge iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kwadingeka alwe, futhi ngezinye nesishiyagalombili kakade wabheka indoda sikhathele: nge anezikhala imibimbi azungeze amehlo, owayesekhokhoba emuva. iphupho lakhe ukuze uthole imfundo ungazange lifezekile. Okuwukuphela ibala elikhanyayo kwesokunxele ngoba Nikolka izinkumbulo okuthulile impilo enokuthula, uma wayesalungile umama uyaphila nobaba awuzange ezisohlwini ulahlekile. Lezi imidwebo nostalgic ikwenza kucace ukuthi yibo wayengumuntu ngokwalo ngesidingo waphinda ngingene empini. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwazo kwendaba "I Birthmark" Sholokhov (isifinyezo imicabango iqhawe ubukeka ngobuciko) likwenza kucace kulofundzako ukuthi impi - lena yinto ezingezona ezemvelo, alien kakhulu nemvelo. Ufuna ukubuyela ekuphileni empini, futhi njengasekuqaleni alime ezweni futhi isikhulu ezelwe, bonke uzama silwe ukulangazelela ukuba singavumeli kuye hop.

imininingwane yobuciko e umkhiqizo

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki inkulumo okuxoxa ngekukhula edonsela umkhiqizo "Birthmark". Sholokhov - izinkinga ezihlobene nale ndaba ngokuqondile - kunezela umuzwa nhlekelele ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa esikhanyayo Folk izithombe. Ngakho kabili incazelo okubhekiselwe wesikhulu impisi. Okokuqala, it is a elikhanyayo, ukuqhathanisa engokomfanekiso ne Cossack "nabedivshimsya" umholi endala iphakethe, ngokushesha ngokuya phambili. Izwi elikhulunywe kusiza ukuze uqonde kangcono isimo esingokomzwelo uhlamvu. Khona-ke, ngaphambi nje kokuba impi ebulalayo, impisi phambi kwabantu siphuma lwamakholi, uyalalela futhi kancane uya emuva. Ngu isiko, impisi kwakufanekisela nabantu abalambile, elusizi, isilwane ngokuvamile wodwa kanjani ukuthi kubangela isihawu ezingaphezu kuka yokwesaba. ngaleyo ndlela buvela indaba isikhulu ubudala.

Enye nomzingeli engena indaba "Birthmark" Sholokhov. Ukuhlaziya yesehlakalo lokugcina nenqe, ngubani ntambama ngosuku olufanayo lokubulala, izimpukane off ikhanda yisikhulu futhi ancibilikisa esibhakabhakeni kusikisela okhatheleyo, bahlushwa umphefumulo Cossack, ushiya umzimba bese ekuntweleni liya phezulu.

Le mininingwane ukusiza umbhali efomini capacious abonisa indlela enkulu yokuhlupheka kwabantu, dephula ukugeleza obunokuthula ukuphila futhi ngempoqo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-7 ukuba zihileleke kulokho umphefumulo akawaqambi amanga.

Okwenzeka umbhali ukuphila

ukuthembeka Sholokhov futhi naturalism encazelweni yezindaba zemihla kulwiwa ngenxa yokuthi, e olunzima luka-1918-19, waba focus kokuphikiswa Yelanskaya ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu endaweni yenhloko-dolobha. Umlobi siye sabona unya okungafanele kanye nodlame njengoba oyedwa noma phesheya, futhi uma ngisho lathunjwa Nestor Makhno, kodwa ngemuva kokuphekwa ngemibuzo wakhululwa. Kusukela ngo-1920, Sholokhov yena "bakhonza futhi azulazula ezweni Don." Ngokusho ukuvuma kwayo, bephendukela kunamaqembu ezigebengu nokujaha nomunye.

Okutholakele, okuholela umfundi Sholokhov

"Imvukuzane" - konke okuqukethwe indaba angeke abashiye ubani nandaba - kwenza ucabange ngempela ukuthi izimo ezinzima incithakalo ubutha ngekutsi abantu athukuthele bayakhohlwa wokubhekela izidingo zomuntu kanye nesihawu. Umbhali awukhulumi lokhu, futhi kwezinye izindaba, okulungile noma okungalungile, ngoba nje alikwazi ukuba kulesi simo. Impi yombango isibe nhlekelele jikelele, okumele lakhohlwa - ke ufuna ukudonsela ukunakekela umfundi Sholokhov. Birthmark (ukuhlaziya indaba kuholela kulesi siphetho) iba iwuphawu ubuhlobo igazi nolungenakunyakaziswa: kusukela Nikolka ke kuyafana uyise. Ngakho-ke, ukuphikisana izinhlamvu (Ubaba baletha nendodana efanelekayo) akekho onqobayo, kwaba ekuqaleni kakhulu nemvelo.

Ukubaluleka "izindaba Don" ka Sholokhov

Kulwiwa kwakuyinhlekelele yangempela, ngenxa okuyinto yabo eyayicekeleke phansi ngokuphelele by kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha futhi wabhubhisa ukuxhumana ekhona phakathi kwabantu. Lokhu kugcizelela indaba "Birthmark" Sholokhov. Ukuhlaziya izenzo nemizwa izinhlamvu isiqinisekiso se lo mbono. Ucezu yokuqala isetha ithoni lonke umjikelezo, futhi phambi kwamehlo umfundi omunye ngemva komunye izithombe ezesabekayo liphile, etshela mayelana nosizi lwesintu engenakulinganiswa. Futhi Ngifuna ukukhalaza bonke abakhileyo emhlabeni: "Abantu, esanguluka yakho! Uma umzalwane ubulala umfowabo kayise - Ndodana yami, uma yonke into waminza olwandle wegazi, into okumele aphile "?