BoMbuso WaseByzantium: enhlokodolobha. Igama inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium

Igama inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium - isihloko mpikiswano engapheli ezizukulwane eziningana mlando. Elinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu futhi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni egqoka namagama amaningana. Ngezinye izikhathi sasizizwa asetshenziswe ndawonye, ngezinye izikhathi - ngokwehlukile. Igama lasendulo, inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium akuhlangene enegama yesimanje komuzi. Indlela ukuguqula igama elinye lamadolobha enkulu European phakathi namakhulu eminyaka? Zama ukuqonda.

Abakhileyo kuqala

Izakhamuzi yokuqala eyaziwayo emlandweni eByzantium babe Megara. Ngo 658 BC. e. bona eyasungulwa settlement endaweni encane we Bosphorus walibiza ngokuthi Chalcedon. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ngakolunye uhlangothi Strait of Byzantium rose edolobheni. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-ambalwa, kokubili emzaneni lwabuthana futhi wanika igama lalowo muzi omusha.

Izinyathelo Ukuchuma

Isikhombi indawo edolobheni avunyelwe ukulawula ukudlula izimpahla oLwandle Black - kuya ogwini eCaucasus and Anatolia e Tauris. Ngenxa lo muzi ngokushesha benza izizumbulu zemali futhi waba ngomunye eziyinxanxathela ezinkulu the Old World. Idolobhana ishintshile abanikazi eziningana - ke lalibuswa namaPheresiya, abase-Athene, abaseMakedoniya, le iSparta. Ngo '74 BC. e. amandla Vizantiume ethumba eRoma. Ngoba umuzi kwakusho ukuqala isikhathi ukuphumula nenhlalakahle - ngaphansi kwesivikelo legionaries Roman edolobheni basungula ngokushesha.

Vizantium eRoma

Ekuqaleni entsha yeminyaka Vizantium sibhekene ingozi yangempela. Ukubangisana okuphakade phakathi Izicukuthwane zesiRoma kwesokudla ukubizwa ngokuthi umbusi kwaholela iphutha elibi kakhulu. Abantu baseByzantium babekholelwa ukuthi wathatha ohlangothini Pistseniya Niger, lapho umbusi futhi ayizange. ERoma, ethwele njengegazi isiphuku Septimus North - iqhawe esikebheni, umholi omkhulu wempi kanye Izicukuthwane sitholwa njengefa. Ethukuthele eveva Ibubula baseByzantium, umbusi omusha wase- uMbuso WaseRoma wathatha eByzantium ku kokuwa isikhathi eside. Ngemva nesimo eside phakathi baseByzantium ovinjezelwe umaluju. izenzo eside wamasosha waletha edolobheni inhlekelele nasekubhujisweni. Mhlawumbe nami edolobheni ngeke uphinde uzalwe emlotheni, uma kungekhona ukuthi uMbusi uConstantine.

igama elisha

Wayenesifiso Sokuvelela uMbusi entsha ka njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma waqala umsebenzi walo ne eziningi nomkhankaso wempi, okwaphumela ukunqoba amabutho amaRoma. Ukuba yinkakha ezindaweni olungenamkhawulo okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, Constantine wayebhekene yokuthi amazwe empumalanga kulawulwa umbusi ongumRoma ikumodi lulwimi ezizimele. Kwakudingekile ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi nendawo futhi ezindaweni eziqhelile. Futhi uConstantine wanquma ukubeka emazweni esempumalanga idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu waseRoma. Wayeka ngesikhathi Vizantiume agugile iqondiswe imizamo yayo ekutjhugululeni kule ndawo chweba ibe dolobha okhazimulayo Eastern uMbuso WaseRoma.

Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo okwaqala ngonyaka ka-324. UMbusi uConstantine umkhonto siqu echazwe umngcele izungeze lo muzi. Kamuva ngalolo umugqa ogangeni muzi omusha efakiwe. izindodla zemali nokubandakanyeka siqu kombusi wenza simangaliso senzeka - eminyakeni eyisithupha nje, umuzi waphenduka-dolobha njengabawufanelekele isihloko. Ukuvulwa grand senzeka 11 Meyi 330. Ngalolu suku, umkhandlu-dolobha uye wathola sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ukuthuthukiswa. Savuka, yena waba ngenkuthalo ugcwale izifiki ezivela kwezinye izifunda zombuso, usezuze ubukhazikhazi bezinto, buyafaneleka inhlokodolobha entsha. Njengoba idolobha lethiwa entsha - waseConstantinople, futhi waba samuntu lifanele impela ukuthi yayimelelwe yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Inhloko-dolobha ye ngalesi simo ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi yesibili Rome - udadewabo empumalanga ngobukhulu nobukhazikhazi neze kunabayeni kumfowenu yayo entshonalanga.

WaseConstantinople nobuKristu

Ngemva uqhekeko olukhulu eMbusweni WaseRoma, waseConstantinople elaba isikhungo isimo esisha - Eastern uMbuso WaseRoma. Ngokushesha leli zwe elabizwa ngebizo lokuqala dolobha yalo, futhi ezincwadini zomlando ethola sootvetstvkyuschee igama - eMbusweni WaseByzantium. Inhloko-dolobha ye ngalesi simo nendima enkulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni ubuKristu Bobu-Orthodox.

isonto WaseByzantium zizibiza ngamaKristu Orthodox. Abamele eminye imisinga lamaKristu WaseByzantium babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli izihlubuki. Umbusi kwaba samuntu, bese uyayilungisa ekuphileni okungokwenkolo kwabantu yezwe, kodwa kwakungeyona ngamandla kaNkulunkulu, njengoba kaningi kangaka omashiqela empumalanga. I amasiko enkolo kwangiphatha alulaze emikhosini wokuziphilisa namasiko. Umbusi yanikezwa ilungelo lokuzikhethela ngegunya laphezulu, kodwa nokho wakhethwa phakathi abafayo. Kwakungekho ngokulandelana sikhungo - futhi nokuzwelana noma izibopho siqu akuqinisekisi esihlalweni sobukhosi WaseByzantium. Kuleli zwe, wonke umuntu angakwazi abe umbusi ... futhi cishe unkulunkulu. Futhi uJehova, futhi umuzi ugcwele amandla, kanye nobuhle, ezintweni zesikole zenkolo.

Yingakho i-emagama ethile encazelweni waseConstantinople emzini lapho wonke uMbuso WaseByzantium ukuthi bagxila. inhlokodolobha enkulu yezwe kuye kwaba nendawo uhambo oluya endaweni ezizukulwaneni eziningi zamaKristu - amasonto ababhishobhi omangalisayo futhi amasonto siyamangalisa.

Rus futhi Byzantium

Phakathi nenkulungwane yokuqala isimo imfundo Eastern lwamaSlav waqala njengoba abalulekile, laqala ukusetshenziswa zidonse ukunaka kwanoma omakhelwane babo abami kahle. Rusichi ngangiya njalo izintaba, ngokuletha ekhaya izipho ocebile nazo emazweni akude. Uhambo eConstantinople njengoba boggle umcabango okhokho bethu, okuyinto eyasakazekela igama elisha Russian-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Abokhokho bethu ngokuthi umuzi omkhulu waseConstantinople, ngaleyo ndlela egcizelela umcebo walo amandla.

Ukuwa umbuso

Konke emhlabeni has ekupheleni kwaso. Kuye akakugwemanga lokhu ukudalelwa futhi eMbusweni WaseByzantium. Inhloko-dolobha ye isimo owawuke waba namandla lavinjezelwa futhi laphangwa ngamabutho yoMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngemva kokumiswa ingcindezelo Turkish edolobheni elahlekile igama lakhe. Abanikazi elisha ayethanda ukuzibiza ngokuthi ke Stanbul (Istanbul). Izazi zolimi baphikisa ngokuthi igama ikhophi ezisontekile carbon igama yamaGreki asendulo yenqubomgomo - edolobheni. Kwaba ngaphansi kwaleli gama, futhi umuzi ngalesi sikhathi ezaziwa.

Njengoba ubona, umbuzo ukuthi inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium, futhi iyaqhubeka ibizwa ngokuthi indlela, akukho impendulo eyodwa. Kuyadingeka ukuba aveze ezithakazelisayo inkathi yomlando.