Chemical nezingokwenyama izakhiwo, kanye izicelo umoya-mpilo

Four elementa- "chalcogen" ( "sethusi ozalwa" ngamanye amazwi, is) ikhanda iqeqebana main amaqembu VI (ngezigaba entsha - iqembu 16 th) kohlelo gqwa. Ngaphandle sulphur, selenium, tellurium, futhi sihlobana umoya-mpilo. Ake sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe property element ezivamile emhlabeni, kanye lokusebenza nokwamukela umoya-mpilo.

Ukwanda element

Okuqukethwe oksijini uqweqwe kuyinto kakhulu-50%. Kungenxa namaminerali ahlukahlukene ngesimo oxides nosawoti.

Ifomu ahlobene umoya-mpilo kufakwe Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emanzini - iphesenti yayo imayelana 89%, kanye kumaseli abo bonke abahlala izidalwa - ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni.

Emoyeni, ukuncipha komoya-mpilo isebujameni khulula ngesimo O2, ngithabatha okwesihlanu ngezithako zawo, futhi ifomu we-ozone - O3.

izakhiwo

Oxygen O2 yigesi esingenayo umbala, ukunambitheka kanye nephunga. Ngo amanzi, kancane oncibilikayo. Abilayo iphuzu - 183 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa Celsius. I-oksijini ketshezi siluhlaza ngombala, futhi yakha zinhlayiya blue ifomu okuqinile. Lokuncibilika amakristalu oxygen kuyinto 218,7 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa Celsius.

chemical izakhiwo

Lapho ukufuthelana, lesi sici ihlangana izinto eziningi ezilula ezifana izinsimbi kanye nonmetals, ukwakha i-nitrous okuthiwa - ohlanganisa izakhi nomoya-mpilo. I chemical yokusabela lapho amalunga ihambisane oksijini, ngokuthi namachibi.

Ngokwesibonelo,

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O

S + O2 = SO2

Ezinye zezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi basabela umoya-mpilo, ngaleyo ndlela futhi obumba oxides:

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

2CO + O2 = 2CO2

Uma into usabela kancane nge-oksijini, ibizwa ngokuthi namachibi kancane. Isibonelo, lokhu nenqubo yokubola ukudla, abolile.

Ukuthola i-oksijini

Lokhu isici chemical ingatholakala endaweni yokucwaninga futhi yebhizinisi ezimbonini.

Ukulungiselela oxygen elabhorethri wenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:

1. Ngendlela esisabela yokubola potassium chlorate (potassium chlorate).

2. Through the yokubola hydrogen peroxide ngokubeka amalahle ngaphansi ebukhoneni oxide manganese, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi kulethe.

3. Through noqhekeko potassium permanganate.

Ukulungiselela i-oksijini embonini olwenziwa izindlela:

1. Ngezinhloso-mpilo lobuchwepheshe is etholakala emoyeni lapho okuqukethwe yayo evamile angu-20%, ngamanye amazwi, yesihlanu. Ngenxa yale njongo emoyeni iqale combusted, ithela ingxube ne wokuqukethwe liquid mayelana 54% oksijini, liquid nitrogen - 44%, kanye argon uketshezi - 2%. Khona-ke, lezi amagesi abahlukene nge inqubo ziphuzo zazihluzwa ukusebenzisa isikhala sincane phakathi amaphuzu abilayo umoya-mpilo liquid liquid nitrogen - lokususa 183 kanye lokususa 198,5 degrees, ngokulandelana. It kuvela ukuthi nitrogen iyasha ngaphambili kuka-mpilo.

imishini yesimanje inikeza oxygen kwanoma iyiphi ubumsulwa. Nitrogen, okuyinto etholakala sokuhlukanisa emoyeni ketshezi isetshenziswa njengophawu impahla eluhlaza e synthesis nemikhiqizo yalo.

2. electrolysis yamanzi futhi kukunika okumsulwa kakhulu umoya-mpilo ngokwezinga. Le ndlela baba kuyinkinga emazweni anezimali obuningi futhi ugesi ezishibhile.

Ukusetshenziswa umoya-mpilo

Oxygen iyona element eyinhloko lenani ukuphila kule planethi yethu. Lokhu igesi, okuyinto kuqukethwe isibhakabhaka kudliwe inqubo isitshalo emishinini yokuphefumula, izilwane kanye nabantu.

Ukuthola i-oksijini ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezifana yizenzo zabantu ezifana imithi, Welding futhi ukuzisika metal, ukuqhumisa, izindiza (ngoba ukuphefumula abantu futhi izinjini), nelesimbi.

Ngo inqubo umsebenzi womuntu umoya-mpilo kudliwe inqwaba - isb, ovuthayo izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa: igesi yemvelo, i-methane, amalahle, izingodo. Kuzo zonke lezi izinqubo ekhiqizwa carbon oxide. Uma lokhu imvelo uye walungiselela nqubo engokwemvelo yokufunda ukuphila yokubopha kwakwakhe nge-photosynthesis, ebanjwa ezitshalweni eziluhlaza ngaphansi isenzo elangeni. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo, kwakheka glucose, okuyinto ke sidlile isitshalo ukwakha izicubu zabo.