Yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila isitshalo? Izimo ezidingekile ukukhula nokuthuthuka zezitshalo

Izitshalo - abangane bethu oluhlaza. Bona kube kufanele, okuthiwa ngoba abantu nezilwane, flora izingxenye zalo - ungumthombo ukudla, izinto izidingo yasendlini, nemithi, umlamuli eyinhloko ubumsulwa emoyeni nokunye.

Kuze kube manje, bangaphezu kuka-350,000 zinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo. Bonke babe izici morphological kanye zofuzo esiyingqayizivele, ukujabulisa nathi futhi ubukhazikhazi emibalabala manje ukuletha injabulo yobuhle. Nokho, kulawo mafomu ukuphila zingase zihluke, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi obaluleke, eyingqayizivele futhi emuhle. Futhi khona kwabo ngqo kuthonywa izimo ezidingekile ekuphileni isitshalo.

amafomu Life of izitshalo

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa zingancishiswa kusukela umbono wesayensi ahlukahlukene: systematics futhi Lemvelo. Sinesithakazelo okungaphezu ehlelekile, ngoba kusekelwe izici zangaphandle izitshalo. Kule isikhundla kombuso wonke izitshalo kungenziwa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziye kwakheka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi izimo zokuphila izitshalo.

1. Izihlahla - isiqu evelele, ukuphakama hhayi ngaphansi kuka ngamamitha amabili.
2. Ezihlabayo - kusuka 50 cm 2 m ukuphakama, isiqu eziningana esukela phansi.
3. Nezihlahla - kwakhiwa kusukela ifomu wangaphambilini, kodwa ubukhulu ku-50 cm.
4. Nezihlahla - ezakhiwe bobunjwa nezihlahla, kodwa engxenyeni engenhla iziqu eziningi efile.
5. Amakhambi - izitshalo ekhula ongaphakeme ebusika ukufriza umoba wabo.
6. Creeper - libhekene ekhelini lokuhuquzelayo sifanamsindvo enikeziwe ngezingwegwe, izimpondo namanye amadivayisi ukunamathela.
7. AmaSucculents - izitshalo ukuthi ungakwazi ukugcina esiningi amanzi empandni namaqabunga.

Yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze izitshalo ngamunye wala maqembu? Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

yizici zemvelo njengoba isimo zokuphila isitshalo

Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo.

1. Abiotic:

• kwelanga;
• umswakama (amanzi);
• ukwelashwa lokushisa;
• ukudla.

2. biotic: zonke izinto eziphilayo ezisizungezile lesi sitshalo (izilwane, amagciwane, isikhunta).

3. yabantu - umthelela womuntu kanye nemisebenzi yayo kule mikhakha ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke futhi umkhakha.

Yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila isitshalo kakhulu? Okusho ukuthi, lapho bazimisele kusukela lezi zici? Lo mbuzo kunzima ukuphendula. inhlanganisela yabo ezuziwe abanekhono kuphela ivumela izitshalo ukuba sizizwe ngendlela ukhululekile, ephephile fast sikhule, ukuthuthukisa, futhi zizalane.

Umthelela ukukhanya

Umehluko ebaluleke kakhulu isitshalo izinto eziphilayo ukusuka bonke abanye - ke indlela Autotrophic ukudla. Okungukuthi, ikhono ukuguqula amandla elangeni ibe amandla amakhemikhali ebiyelwe kule kwakhiwa organic compounds. Konke lokhu inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali, ezakhiwe ngezigaba ezimbili, ibizwa ngokuthi i-photosynthesis. Umkhiqizo lezi zinguquko iba isitashi njengoba inqolobane isitshalo izakhi kanye nowe-oxygen gas - deku eziphilayo eplanethini yethu.

Kuba sobala ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-photosynthesis besingeke sibe khona ukuphila. Futhi ngaphandle elangeni akuyona inqubo. Ngakho, amandla elangeni yemvelo kanye neminye imithombo ukukhanya - izimo ezidingekile ukukhula nokuthuthuka zezitshalo. Iqhaza lezi zici bazimisele.

amaqembu amaningana eziphilayo bungabonakala maqondana ukukhanya.

1. izitshalo Shadow. abameleli okunjalo awukwazi ukubekezelela elangeni, bamane zihlakazeke kakhulu ukukhanya ongaphakeme. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye enkulu yale amakhambi ihlathi, izungezwe ngaphansi komthunzi izihlahla - izinkuni Sorrel, maianthemum, backache, saxifrage, Corydalis, Snowdrop, Intaba Girl, bluebell, ivy, Bracken, celandine nabanye.
2. Shade-ukubekezela. Lezi zitshalo uncamela ukukhanyisa nokulinganisela ngokwanele ibekezelelwe ngisho blackout eside. Nokho, ukukhanya kwelanga namanje wayemthanda futhi ukuchayeka omcane elangeni basabela kahle. Lokhu, isibonelo, currants, lily, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elderberries, cranberry, uphawu kukaSolomoni, cuff nezinye.
3. Photophilic - izitshalo iningi abadinga Ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Kuphela ngaphansi kwalezi zimo inqubo ye-photosynthesis kuthatha uyibeke njengoba ngokushesha futhi ngokuphelele. Izibonelo: Umama coltsfoot, clover, lavender, immortelle, melissa,-lotus izimbali, iminduze amanzi, utshani, Cacti, eziningi zezihlahla, nabanye.

Ngakho, yini izitshalo kudingeka siphile kwasekuqaleni? Ukukhanya kwelanga, okuyinto liwumthombo oyinhloko yenqubo isitshalo - photosynthesis.

amanzi Meaning

Dioxide, hydrogen yiyona ndaba ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni, izitshalo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuphila Emhlabeni yenziwe yaba khona khona namanzi. Ngakho-ke, inani layo kunzima overestimate. kuphela Universal lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali zingakenzeki zonke umzimba ophilayo, kuba kwesakhiwo ingxenye ebalulekile, ingxenye iseli ngalinye.

Ukubaluleka amanzi ngenxa yokuphila isitshalo kubaluleke nje angamandla okukhanya kwelanga. Ngoba amanzi kudala turgor ingcindezi ezindongeni cell, kuba lithwalwa kuzo zonke ukuxhumana ezokuthutha, kuba - indawo zamakhemikhali. Kafushane, amanzi izitshalo - umthombo ubungqabavu.

Akubona bonke ye izitshalo kuyinto ngokulinganayo okuhlobene amanzi kanye nobungako yayo. Ngakho, kukhona ezintathu ezinkulu amaqembu ezemvelo izitshalo maqondana oxide hydrogen.

1. Xerophytes - abakhileyo Ezindaweni ezinesomiso kakhulu, okuyinto bakwazile ukuzivumelanisa yokuntuleka umswakama. Izibonelo: Ugwadule futhi ephuma kabili desert izitshalo, abakhileyo emikhawulweni yolwandle. Eschscholzia, Cacti, ukolo utshani, lolwandle utshani, briofillum, ikamela ameva nokunye.
2. Mesophytes - abakhileyo ezindaweni ukulinganisela yamanzi. Lesi simila ezimfundeni, zasehlathini. Ngokuvamile zisebenze inhlabathi usemanzi, kodwa awukwazi ukubekezelela umswakama ngokweqile noma isomiso. Thimothewu, camomile, cornflower, Burnet, Lyuba, Lilac, hazel, clover, lungwort, Goldenrod, zonke izihlahla lezihlahla kanye nezihlahla.
3. Hydrophytes. izitshalo ezinjalo engcono bazizwa lapho kukhona ingxenye emanzini (amanzi ahlanzekile, usawoti), noma acwiliselwa ngokuphelele kulo. Izibonelo: ulwelwe, amanzi Buttercup, hornworts, iminduze, posedonii, pondweed, altemii, silwanyana, nabanye.

Ngakho, yini izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila isitshalo? Amanzi afakwe ohlwini lwabo.

Indima lokushisa

izinsuku efudumele akubo bonke abahlala e injabulo. Nokho, phakathi izitshalo, kukhona yilabo abakhuthazelayo okushisa aphansi ngempela kalula. Zonke izinhlobo zezilwane nezimila maqondana lo isici zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu.

1. Thermophilic. Imibandela kudingekile ngenxa yokuphila izitshalo yaleli qembu, - ipharamitha lokushisa ngezansi 5 ⁰ C. omunye elikhulu kubo cishe + 25-26 ⁰ C. izitshalo okunjalo asikubekezeleli iyehla iyenyuka elibukhali lokushisa, awukwazi ukumelana yesithwathwa ngisho ukukhanya. Izibonelo: irayisi, ukotini, ukhokho, entendeni, banana, cishe zonke izakhamuzi ezishisayo nezithokomele.
2. izitshalo Cold nemithi. Nokho, Uncamela khona amazinga akahle okushisa, angase akwazi ukusithwala bese pretty low, edabula frost ngaphandle umonakalo. Izibonelo: amazambane, zonke imifino impande, imifino, izinhlobo eziningi crucifers, okusanhlamvu kanye nabanye.
3. Frost ukumelana. Ukwazi ukuze bahlale khona ubusika ngaphansi kwengubo yokulala iqhwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo ulondoloze isimo ukusebenza. Izibonelo zibandakanya ezifana izitshalo horticultural ezifana rhubarb, anyanisi zisetshenziswa, garlic, Sorrel, nabanye.

isilawuli lokushisa - isimo kubalulekile nokukhula okuvamile, nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izitshalo emhlabeni: Isiphetho.

umsoco wezinto

Lokhu isici kubaluleke kakhulu ikakhulukazi izithelo, izithelo nemifino belima ngumuntu. Ngempela, vivo izitshalo ikoloni izindawo ezifana, ekwazi ukuzivumelanisa. Kubandakanya nokuqukethwe nosawoti wamaminerali enhlabathini.

Kodwa abameleli kwamasiko ezidinga usizo. Wonke umnikazi uyazi ukuthi umquba yezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kufanele kwenziwe ngoba izitshalo ezithile ukuze uthole isivuno.

Ngokuvamile, namaminerali - liyisici esibalulekile amandla abantu, okuyinto zimuncwe yizimila enhlabathini ngu ukuncela ngamanzi okugeza. Kodwa plant overabundance eziyingozi zikamanyolo, kanye nokuntuleka kubo kuholela kancane komnotho isivuno singesihle.

emoyeni Ukwakheka

Yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila isitshalo, ngaphezu okungenhla? Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu ukubunjwa emoyeni. Phela, izitshalo ebusuku, kanye nezinye izidalwa ukuphefumula, kudle-mpilo. Ngakho-ke, emoyeni nentuthuko yabo evamile kufanele kube ngokwanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo lokuhlala eliphezulu amagesi ayingozi, uthuli, isikhunta nezinto ezincane eziphilayo izitshalo uyozizwa ezimbi kakhulu.

izici biotic kanye nomthelela yabo

Sibheke zonke izici abiotic zokuphila isitshalo. Ukushisa, ukukhanya, umoya, amanzi - main nemibandela esisemqoka ukukhula yabo evamile nokuthuthuka.

izici biotic efanayo - umthelela biomass yabo oluzungezile, okungukuthi, nezinye izitshalo, izilwane, isikhunta, izinambuzane, nokunye. Ukuze sicabangele zonke izici umthelela mibandela, imvelo isayensi yadalwa. Kufanele kuphela kuqashelwe ukuthi izici biotic Awekho akubalulekile njengalezi abiotic.

Imibandela esemqoka ngenxa yokuphila izitshalo potted

izimo Environmental kudingekile ekuphileni houseplants, akahlukile labo esikuhlolile kuwo wonke jikelele. Futhi zidinga ilanga, imfudumalo, amanzi, amaminerali umsoco, asivikele ezinambuzaneni.

izimbali potted ukuze sijabule futhi abe muhle, kubalulekile ukuba zikhulume nabo ngamunye, kucatshangelwa izici of a uhlobo lwe ethile nezinhlobo zalesi sihlahla.