Izindaba UmphakathiObdinenie enhlanganweni

Uyini-UN General Assembly? I-UN General Assembly kanye Ezokuphepha International

Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, inhlangano eyinhloko umsebenzi okuyinto kuncike, Nokho abaqhoshayo kungase kuzwakale, ukuthula emhlabeni, kuyinto yeNhlangano yeZizwe. IZizwe Ezihlangene ziye okuxoxwe zonke izimpikiswano ezinkulu ngosuku, kanti amaqembu ukungqubuzana uzame ngokwengeziwe ukuze kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni, okusikisela ukusetshenziswa zamanxusa hhayi ngempi. Kuyini isitho ebaluleke kunazo yonke eNhlangano yeziZwe? I-General Assembly - okungukuthi inhliziyo le nhlangano elidumile.

Kuyini lokhu umzimba?

Unjalo iforamu esiyinhloko emihlanganweni. engavamile yayo wukuthi kuphela lapha wonke amazwe ukuthi babe abameleli babo e-UN angaxoxa kunazo ukuphokophela nezindaba zamazwe ngamazwe ngefomethi kubasekeli. Nginomthwalo wemfanelo lokho ingxenye UN? NGAKHOKE UMGWAMANDA UNQUMA kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukeni komthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Isebenza kanjani?

Izinkinga kukhulunywe izikhathi. Ngemva ngamunye wabo, athatha izwi lesinqumo ngesisekelo zezihloko okuxoxwa ngazo. Ukuze leli zwi lesinqumo okusalungiswa sivunyiwe, kubalulekile ukuthi ezathi aziwuthandi ke okungenani 50% azo zonke izihambeli. amaphuzu ambalwa kufanele kucutshungulwe. Okokuqala, kungase kube lokhu umzimba UN? NGAKHOKE UMGWAMANDA UNQUMA yenza isinqumo amandla saziso kodwa recommendatory, ngisho abanayo. Okwesibili, naphezu kwale mizamo, ayikho amathimba ayikwazi Veto izinqumo.

Kuvunyiwe nguMkhandlu kwaba ngo-1945, lapho umhlaba wonke wathuthumela, ekugcineni kokubona bonke usizi ukwesaba nezingokwengqondo ezitholakala kubantu abaningi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ngokomlando, umsebenzi olunzulu kakhulu eyenziwa esikhathini kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-December. Ngomqondo onabile, uma kunesidingo, amalungu weBandla bangahlangana kwezinye nezikhathi, uma owenza zidinga isimo sezwe samanje.

Ngakho, ngokwale ndlela le Declaration of Human Rights, yamukelwa uMkhandlu-jikelele WeZizwe ekuqaleni-December 1948, ekugcineni usulungise kwezinkambiso eziyisisekelo mayelana nokuziphatha komuntu, isimilo nobuntu, okuyinto uthembisa ukuhambisana nanoma imuphi umbuso. Ikakhulukazi, le dokhumenti ihlinzeka kwenqatshwa banoma iyiphi sokuhlushwa futhi ukuhlazeka besithunzi sobuntu jikelele maqondana POWs.

Kungani kwakudingeka lokhu umzimba kuyi-UN?

Ngakho, i- United Nations (UN) isinqumo ezingaba abuqede izinqubo eziningi ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni, kuMthethosisekelo layo langaphakathi esabela ngokucacile imisebenzi kanye namandla ukuthi siye echazwe, uMkhandlu:

  • Into ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi walo - ukuze nixoxa izimiso eziyisisekelo ukuthula nokuchuma. izincomo zayo ingasho ngokuphelele noma yimiphi imibuzo, futhi akuyona ngaphandle kanye izingalo sithombe. It lathatha isinqumo ngesisekelo ingxoxo imiphumela, okuyinto kwezinye izimo kungase usazoba sokweluleka ngokwemvelo.
  • Njengoba amalungu walo mzimba avulekele ukuxoxa nganoma iziphi izinkinga eziye ngandlela-thile ezihlobene ukuzinza isimo geopolitical global. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Assembly iyokwenza izincomo, ngaphandle ezimweni lapho udaba abathintekayo kuyinto ensimini Ngenxa-UN Security Council.
  • Ochwepheshe LoMhlangano esingazilungisa izindlela zocwaningo futhi eyisebenzisa ngokushesha ukuze kamuva unikeze izincomo esinembile futhi ewusizo. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana nezindaba ukuthuthukiswa komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, kanye iziqinisekiso yamazinga jikelele kuzo zonke izindawo zohulumeni emhlabeni.
  • Futhi, lokhu umzimba anganika izincomo eziningiliziwe zonke izimo, ukuthuthukiswa engalawuliwe okuyinto igcwele uthuthumele sina kanye nokwephula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukene.
  • I-UN Security Council njalo abelana imibiko yayo yomnyango. I Assembly ingadingida kubo, futhi ukukhombisa imibono ehlukahlukene eziye ezithathwe namagunya aphakeme.
  • A umsebenzi obalulekile weBandla kuyinto kwemukelwa kwesabelomali UN, kanye ekunqumeni iminikelo izwe ngalinye, amalungu okuyizinto ingxenye le nhlangano.
  • Khomba noNobhala-Jikelele, kanye khetha kwamalunga angesiwo agcwele oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha (ngenxa ivoti Imininingwane).

Yiluphi uhlelo kukhona esimisweni?

Kuphinde kuvule zonke esimisweni yokuthi abameleli emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuqhuba mpikiswano ngezindaba kunazo ukuphokophela futhi ezibalulekile ezinqwabelene kusukela ukudlula lomhlangano odlule. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi nakuba wonke umuntu angakwazi baveze imibono yabo futhi ukuthola izimpendulo oluphelele futhi enemininingwane. Yonke imihlangano obhalwe ngokucophelela ye ukuhlaziya olunye, esekelwe okuyinto izincomo utawubhalwa.

Yini ukwenza yonke le amaphrojekthi ngokucabangela eZizweni Ezihlangene (UN)? Ukulungiswa kwalesi umzimba, anikezelwe bonke izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, kusuka ekuqaleni is awazange ayithathe. Zonke izinqumo UN kungenziwa kuphela waqaphela ngenxa le mpikiswano ngokuhlanganyela, axoxa ngokugcwele zonke izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ezweni ngalinye obonisa yayo ilungelo lokuvota ngesikhathi mpikiswano jikelele iqala kokucubungula nezindaba on the ajenda, on izinzuzo. Khumbula ukuthi labo kungaba kakhulu. Ngakho, umhlangano kuqhathaniswa lwamuva lubonise ukuthi izinto cishe 170 ezibhalwe ku-ajenda! Kulokhu oxoxa ngayo?

Iqiniso lokuthi uMkhandlu ngokwalo liqukethe amakomiti ayisithupha. Ngo amalungu okugcina imibuzo basakaza eziyisisekelo ukuthi zidlule zonke izigaba ingxoxo. Ngezinye usihlalo LoMhlangano a okwalandela okuzobe kukhona yaklonyeliswa kwangaphambilini okusalungiswa isixazululo.

Lenza nengxoxo eyengeziwe. Endabeni ukwamukelwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-50% ePhalamende ekugcineni yokutholwa. Ngemva kwalokho, isinqumo UN General Assembly kungenzeka kwezinye izimo idluliselwe oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha. Lokhu kwenzeka uma zathinteka ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezibalulekile futhi baqonde izinto ezenzekayo ukuthi ngqo ukusongela ukuzinza global.

Yini units amakomiti ayisithupha ezengeziwe?

Njengoba siye wathinta kakade ngalolu daba, kumele ungeze wokufunda. Ngakho, amakomiti ayisithupha zihlanganisa amayunithi ezilandelayo:

  • UMnyango lokubhekana nezinkinga sokuphepha kwezikhali kanye nezwe. On ke zonke izingqinamba ukuthi ngandlela-thile kuphazamise ububanzi bokusebenzisa ngokweqile kwezikhali.
  • IKomiti ezomnotho kanye zezimali. On ke, ikakhulukati, izinkinga indlala nobumpofu e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara.
  • UMnyango humanities kanye nenqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle. Mhlawumbe sezizwe ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba Ikhuluma izindaba kwamalungelo wobuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincomo le Komiti ngokuvamile siyayamukela ukucabangela ezinye kakade nguMkhandlu wezokuPhepha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphumela abangavumelana ngayo isinqumo UN General Assembly, okuyinto has a incazelo esibophezelayo.
  • inqubomgomo kanye nezindaba ngandlela-thile okuhlobene decolonization - Okwesine uMnyango. enekhono ubanzi kakhulu. Ngaphezu evamile jikelele isiphetho zezombusazwe izinkinga amalungu ekomidi zimatasa zezimali kanye lwezibonelelo zomphakathi nalezo States ukuthi esikhathini esidlule bebengamalungu amakoloni ezinye kwemibuso yaseYurophu.
  • IKomiti izindaba zokuphatha kanye nesabelomali. Kukhona ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela Office, kuhlanganise nezindaba uxhaso, ukuze amalungelo UN General Assembly kulokhu ziphezulu kakhulu.
  • IKomiti Okwesithupha, nguye umnyango kwesokudla. Njengoba kulula ukukuqonda, kuyinto kwakha luhlaka matasa futhi kwamukelwa imithetho umthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Futhi, lokhu uMnyango ukwengamela ukusentshenziswa kwe izincomo zayo.

Iziphi izinqumo zingenziwa lapha?

Ngamunye isimo Ukwakheka weBandla, kukhona ncamashi nevoti elilodwa. Izinqumo nezindaba ezibalulekile ikakhulukazi kuhlobane ngokuqondile ukuzinza nokuthula singathathwa kuphela uma okungenani 2/3 amavoti "ngoba" noma "ngokumelene." Kwezinye izimo, isinqumo okungavunyelwa, esekelwe inani lamavoti elula (kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-50%).

Jikelele iKomidi - ukwakheka kanye main imisebenzi

Isakhiwo ekomidini ezibaluleke kakhulu yakhiwa usihlalo, kanye 21 iphini, abaphethe imisebenzi yezinye amakomiti ayisithupha, kanye nezindaba jikelele lwenhlangano zokuphatha. Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli umzimba kwenziwe izici kakhulu ngaphezulu, kodwa ukuqaliswa izinguquko UN General Assembly kakhulu kuye kwanciphisa uhlu lwabo. Kusukela manje, ihlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

  • Ukwamukelwa ajenda nokwabiwa amakomidi eyengeziwe uma kwenzeka ukuthi imibuzo eminingi kakhulu.
  • Inhlangano jikelele umsebenzi futhi umthwalo yonke imihlangano okuzobe kukhona kuwo uMkhandlu.

Iyini indima yalesi isakhiwo ukuphepha emhlabeni wonke?

70-UN General Assembly kwaphawulwa inkulumo kaMengameli Russian V. Putina. Enkulumweni yakhe isikhathi eside, wamthinta ezindabeni eziningi kubalulekile kodwa zibe nezinzwa ezibukhali. Ikakhulukazi, umongameli Russian uye waveza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi akhona emhlabeni "ukubusa" isikhungo, omele kabani abakhulu wanikeza inkulumo mayelana "wedwa" eminyakeni yamuva uyekile aphendule izinqumo UN bebonke.

Yini akushilo? Ukuze ubani nesithakazelo inqubomgomo namashumi okugcina eminyaka, kwaba sobala ukuthi umholi Russian lasikisela-United States. Ukungenelwa Vietnam, Libya, nokubhonywa eYugoslavia ngo 90 zokuqala - konke lokho kwase kwenziwe nge noma ngaphandle kwemvume yoMkhandlu wezokuPhepha, noma yimuphi, engunyaza "backdating." Akumangalisi ukuthi umbono abaningi ngokuvamile wezwa ukuthi ifomethi LoMhlangano siphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuphelele eminyakeni yamuva, futhi inhlangano idinga ephelele "ukuliqaqa". Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela?

Yebo, ezinye izinkinga enhlanganweni, kodwa musa zinyamalale kusukela esikhathini iNhlangano Yezizwe. Amazwe amaningi namanje ulalele umbono UN, basebenzisa peacebuilding ayibhekise kuphi imizamo. Lokhu kusiza silondoloze ukuhleleka emhlabeni kanye ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa izingxabano ezincane empini enkulu ngempela. Njengoba sihlobana UN General Assembly kanye nokuphepha kwezizwe ngezizwe?

Iziphetho futhi ubuyekeze ezinye izinkinga

Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhona (kusukela ngo-1944 kuya 2016). Le nhlangano elingangena ngokuphepha ngokuthi ezinethonya kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngakho, lesi simemezelo-UN General Assembly akuyona nje ukwazi ukuvimbela lezo izingxabano lapho yizinkulumo ngokuphelele phansi isimo, ekuqaleni idedelwa. Yiqiniso, lokho akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuya kahle kangaka. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphetho ezilandelayo zithathelwe imiphumela elandelayo ukungqubuzana Arab-Israeli:

  • Okokuqala, njengoba kuyadabukisa, kodwa kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, wokuqeda Imininingwane yezimbangela zalesi impi akunakwenzeka, ngoba zihlanganisa ukuphikisana yangaphakathi ezijulile phakathi kwazo zonke izizwe esifundeni.
  • Okwesibili, it is lengxabano njalo iveza kuwukuziphikisa OMhlangano nasemaHholo-UN Security Council Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isizwe unelungelo lokuzibusa, ngakolunye - abantu bakhululekile ukuba anqume izimangalo indawo.

kumele kuphetfwe kusukela lolu lwazi ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-okuthiwa nebalazwe ", okusho icebo ekuxazululeni izingxabano, kufanele inake wonke izici of esifundeni lapho zenzeka. Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke ka-UN General Assembly ngokuvamile wathinta phezu le nkinga ezibuhlungu.

iphazamise kakhulu yokuxazulula le nkinga futhi iqiniso lokuthi amaqembu ukuba impi musa kakhulu uthemba izinqumo UN. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuphela umthelela balamuli ngaphakathi the bombo of US efanayo noma usizo Russian ukuvimbela nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo, kuyilapho umbono iningi UN Arab Israyeli neze ukulalela. kanjani lapho kungatholakala indlela yokuphuma lokhu kwangqingetshe?

Lapha, inhlangano kumele akhombise ngezinga elithile nakalula. Ukulungiswa okuhlongozwa udaba Israeli - kuba iqoqo ukuyekethisa yamukelwa amazwe ukuthi izinkinga esifundeni ngokuvamile abanandaba. Esimweni obucayi ezinjalo, njengoba abanye ochwepheshe kusukela UN, kwakungeke ulalele umbono iningi azikubheki nezinqumo lamazwe abahileleke ngokuqondile empini.

Inhlekelele eRwanda

Futhi, imibhalo UN General Assembly zibonisa ukuthi amalungu inhlangano esidlule akazange unamathisele efanele ukubaluleka izenzakalo vylivshimsya kwelinye izingxabano zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho kule nkulungwane yeminyaka, zabulala izinkulungwane zabantu. Lo ukungqubuzana in Rwanda Kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kusekelwe lalingagcini nje ngokuthanda inkolo kodwa futhi ukuhlukana ngokobuzwe ezijulile.

Futhi isici main kwaba nje umbuzo yobuhlanga. Ubunzima kwaba yiqiniso lokuthi amalungu weBandla ayikwazanga zisuka ngokuqinile anqume kokuqondisa iyiphi ubuzwe nime. Simoni Zazinjalo okungalungile empeleni yabo: kufanele ngokushesha ayeke kokugqashuka ingxabano. Lapho ngaphakathi ezweni melanani kwamaqembu ezinhlanga ezimbili, kuba impi ezivamile civil, igcwele ukulahlekelwa omkhulu wokuphila futhi bonke ehlukanisa ezizukulwane eziningi zabantu ayehlala khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga zomnotho abangu nya ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ongaziwa. Ikakhulukazi, sekuyisikhathi eside kungase kutholakale ukuthi ukukhula ucishe nzile emnothweni ezimpini ezinjalo zingenzeka, kodwa isiqongo salo sifinyelela thukela (ngaphandle umthamo wemvula kusukela ngaphandle). Kodwa eRwanda, ngayo yonke iminyaka engu-80 umnotho ngokushesha phansi, kusale njalo negative. Nalapha futhi, kulezo zimo kufanele athathe isinyathelo ngokushesha, kodwa ngandlela-thile ekuqaleni akukho senzo wayengekho.

Ngakho siyazi ukuthi yini edingekayo-UN General Assembly.

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